Carbon-based fibrous supercapacitors (FSSCs) are promising power sources for wearable electronics, often compounding with transition metal oxides (TMOs) to improve energy density. However, conventional methods introducing TMOs onto exterior surfaces of carbon-based fibers typically degrade electrical transport and cycle stability. Herein, nanoconfined MnO@Mn2O3 heterojunctions within carbon nanotube (CNT) (MOIC) composite FSSCs stabilized by Mn & horbar;O & horbar;C bonds, exhibiting record cycle stability with 95.7% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles and 89.4% after 50 000 cycles are reported. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirm MnO@Mn2O3 heterostructure, which arises through a partial phase transformation from MnO to Mn2O3, as further supported by density functional theory calculations. Mn & horbar;O & horbar;C chemical bonds, as verified through XPS, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, and XANES analyses, facilitate 3D electron transport, enabling MOIC composite fiber superior electrical conductivity than CNT fiber. The nanoconfinement of Mn2+ within CNTs, driven by capillary effects and electrostatic repulsion between protonated CNTs and Mn2+, preserves the clean exterior surfaces of CNTs. This configuration enables the successful wet-spinning of MOIC composite fibers with three times the tensile strength of fibers without nanoconfinement. This work opens new pathways for designing carbon/metal oxide hybridized supercapacitors for wearable energy storage applications.

The removal of lignin from natural cellulose fibers is a crucial step in preparing high-performance materials, such as compressed high-toughness composites. This process can eliminate non-cellulosic impurities, create abundant compressible pores, and expose a greater number of active functional groups. In this study, biomass waste windmill palm fiber was used as the raw material to prepare holocellulose fibers through various chemical treatments. The structure, chemical composition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal properties, and mechanical properties, particularly fatigue performance, were studied. The sodium chlorite treated fiber had the highest crystallinity index (61.3%) and the most complete appearance structure. The sodium sulfite treated fiber had the highest tensile strength (227.34 ± 52.27) MPa. Hydroxide peroxide treatment removed most of the lignin and hemicellulose, increasing the cellulose content to 68.83% ± 0.65%. However, all the chemical treatments decreased the thermal property of the fibers.

It is a challenge to prepare fluorine-free superhydrophobic surfaces by simple methods. In this work, a simple and effective method for constructing a superhydrophobic surface was developed by combining in situ nanofibrillating melt blowing processs and one-step surface etching. Firstly, the randomly stacked meltblown microfibers as microstructure transformed the wetting performance of the surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Then, by tuning the etching time, the outmost nanofibrils within the microfibers were exposed to form nanostructure thereby achieving superhydrophobic performance with a contact angle of 153°. The superhydrophobicity of the as-prepared nonwoven was maintained after various harsh treatments, such as strong acid, strong alkaline, sandpaper abrasion, and ultrasonic washing, showing stable water repellency ability. In addition, the superhydrophobic nonwoven showed promising application in self-cleaning and oil–water separation. Thus, this work not only prepares a superhydrophobic surface but also proposes a new idea for designing a micro-nano hierarchical structure on the surface.

Windmill palm fibers, as a new type of cellulose fiber, have several advantages such as being environmentally friendly, lightweight, and having excellent mechanical properties. In this paper, different types of windmill palm fibers were used to prepare fabrics. Then, the fabrics were used to prepare palm fabric reinforced composites. The structure and mechanical properties of the raw, alkalized, as well as bleached windmill palm fibers, fabrics, and composites were characterized. The results showed that the windmill palm fibers with removed hemicellulose had the highest mechanical performance, with tensile strength and Young's modulus being 252.72+60.42 MPa and 1.07+0.32 GPa. At the same time, the palm reinforced composites with alkalized windmill palm fiber were endowed with higher mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 69.89+6.30 MPa. The bleached windmill palm fiber exhibited the highest wear resistance. While the alkalized windmill palm fiber had a well UV resistant property. Both alkali treatment and bleach treatment had a positive effect on enhancing the mechanical properties of the palm reinforced composites. The palm reinforced composites are partially degradable, which plays a positive role in promoting carbon neutrality.

Purpose Stab-resistant body armor (SRBA) is used to protect the body from sharp knives. However, most SRBA materials currently have the disadvantages of large weight and thickness. This paper aims to prepare lightweight and high-performance SRBA by 3D printing truss structure and resin-filling method. Design/methodology/approach The stab resistance truss structure was prepared by the fused deposition modeling method, and the composite structure was formed after filling with resin for dynamic and quasi-static stab tests. The optimized structural plate can meet the standard GA68-2019. Digital image correlation technology was used to analyze the local strain changes during puncture. The puncture failure mode was summarized by the final failure morphologies. The explicit dynamics module in ANSYS Workbench was used to analyze the design of the overlapped structure stab resistance process in this paper. Findings The stab resistance performance of the 3D-printed structural plate is affected by the internal filling pattern. The stab resistance performance of 3D-printed structural parts was significantly improved after resin filling. The 50%-diamond-PLA-epoxy, with a thickness of only 5 mm was able to meet the stab resistance standard. Resins are used to increase the strength and hardness of the material but also to increase crack propagation and reduce the toughness of the material. The overlapping semicircular structure was inspired by the exoskeleton structure of the demon iron beetle, which improved the stab resistance between gaps. The truss structure can effectively disperse stress for toughening. The filled resin was reinforced by absorbing impact energy. Originality/value The 3D-printed resin-filled truss structure can be used to prepare high-performance stab resistance structural plates, which balance the toughness and strength of the overall structure and ultimately reduce the thickness and weight of the SRBA.

Melt-blown nonwovens with randomly distributed micron fibers are widely used because of their excellent properties such as high porosity and high filtration efficiency. It is necessary to study the crystallization behavior of the polymer during the melt-blowing process because crystallization affects the formation and properties of the melt-blown fibers. In this study, the nonisothermal crystallization under high-speed cooling conditions and the isothermal crystallization on the collector in the melt-blowing process were investigated. The thermal history of polypropylene during the melt-blowing process was restored by flash differential scanning calorimetry tests. The results showed that the polymer hardly crystallized during the high-speed cooling process from the spinneret to the collector in the case of considering the temperature. The air pressure promoted the crystallinity of melt-blown fibers. The shear effect of the airflow field was considered the main factor affecting the crystallization of melt-blown fibers. The results were beneficial to the establishment of the melt-blowing micro-theoretical model and the control of the final performance of the melt-blown fibers.

从中国传统文化角度出发,将具有纺纱特色的劳动教育融入"纺纱学"课程教学,改革"纺纱学"课程内容,建立劳动教育、课堂教学、实验实践"三位一体"的"纺纱学"课程体系.先通过劳动实践让学生接触纺纱流程,进而再在课堂讲授专业知识,符合知识学习由浅入深的客观规律,有助于纺织专业的学生更好地掌握"纺纱学"专业知识.

通过热重分析法研究了N2气氛下聚醚砜/碳纤维/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PES/CF/PET)纤维混杂层压复合材料及三维针刺复合材料在不同升温速率下的热解过程,并通过Kissinger法得到了分解阶段的表观活化能和指前因子;通过锥形量热测试分析了2种复合材料在不同火灾环境下的燃烧特性.结果表明:升温速率对2种复合材料的热解过程均产生了影响,且对层压复合材料的影响较大.随着热辐射强度的增大,2种复合材料的热释放速率、产烟速率、总产热量、总产烟量均增大,但三维针刺复合材料的这些参数始终高于层压复合材料,表明其火灾危险性更大.总体而言,针刺工艺会对PES/CF/PET纤维混杂复合材料的热解及燃烧特性产生较大影响.

和制南蛮胴具足是日本江户时期传统铠甲的重要组成部分,过去对于和制南蛮胴的研究多关注其形制与材料而忽略范式演变的研究.针对其范式转变的外在形式与内在原因,本文运用历史分析法、文献分析法与个案研究法,对美国大都会艺术博物馆的南蛮胴及亚欧铠甲藏品进行归纳比较,在回溯南蛮胴具足发展之源流后,发现其不同阶段的范式转变源自于时代语境变迁下,对外来文化习得与转化的不同方式,并在后期的批判性接纳中适时革新.通过研究表明:1)和制南蛮胴的范式转变是一个"重述-变换-破立"的递进发展过程;2)东西方铠甲并不是各自独立发展的系统,西方技术与东方文化交融环境下的和制南蛮胴蕴含着实验艺术品的特质;3)东亚传统铠甲文化是一个以中国为中心建立的谱系架构,深入研究和制南蛮胴的发展对于中国乃至东亚铠甲的研究具有积极意义.

Nanofiber membranes (NFMs) coated with noble metals are intensively researched for various applications such as wearable electronics, environmental sensors, and point of care diagnostics. To achieve the desired functionality while minimizing costs, a combination of facile coating methods and accurate microstructural designs is required, but remains elusive. Herein, novel conductive and porous membranes are designed based on a facile and scalable approach to fabricating conformally coated gold layers on electrospun PVDF fibers (Au-PVDF-NFMs) via electroless plating. The deposition of a conformal and fully interconnected gold layer with an average thickness of circa 38 nm on the surface of nanofibers is confirmed by systematic characterizations. The high-conjunction gold layers endows a high electrical conductivity to the membranes, yielding a low sheet resistance of 1.2 Ω/sq. In addition, the membranes show integrated functionalities such as hydrophobicity and gas permeability. Notably, the NFMs also show excellent mechanical durability under both stretching and bending, with negligible conductivity losses after 1000 test cycles. Thanks to these properties, the Au-PVDF-NFMs demonstrates practical suitability as gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The Au-PVDF-NFMs exhibit a substantial Faradaic efficiency towards CO, as high as ∼ 85 % at −0.7 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and are able to reach current densities of 100 mA cm−2 at −0.95 V versus RHE.

As a new kind of spinning technology, lattice apron-type compact spinning has attracted much attention because of its spun yarns owing to great breaking strength and less hairiness. In this study, a new air-suction slot is put forward to further improve the yarn quality. The yarns are spun by the compact spinning system with a new air-suction slot and the conventional compact spinning system, respectively. According to the results, using the new air-suction slot, the breaking strength of the spun yarns is increased by 2.05% and the harmful hairiness is decreased by 7.83% as well. Moreover, the monitoring result of energy consumption indicates that the new air-suction slot can save energy by 3.66%. Then the numerical simulation of the condensing zone is carried out to investigate the mechanism. The results show that the new air-suction slot can accelerate the velocity in the transverse condensing direction. And with the new air-suction slot, the velocity in the output direction is slower than that of the conventional compact spinning system, which can prolong the condensing time. It is shown that the new air-suction slot can improve the performance of the lattice apron-type compact spinning system effectively.

Polyether sulfone (PES) in filter material has been reported extensively. However, PES fibers have not yet been used in flame-retardant composites. This study systematically investigates the effect of PES/carbon fiber (CF)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber content, hot-pressing temperature, pressure, and duration on the flame-retardant property. The flame-retardant properties, tensile properties, morphology, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have been studied. The results show that the optimum parameter is PES/CF/PET fiber content of 65/30/5 wt%, hot-pressing temperature of 270°C, hot-pressing pressure of 35 MPa, and hot-pressing duration of 50 min. The fiber hybrid composite has a 50% lower density compared to conventional CF composites. The sample successfully passes the vertical burning test (UL-94) V-0 flammability rating, and it can be immediately extinguished and no droplets are produced during the testing process. Further, the cone calorimeter results demonstrated that the composite also has a low heat release rate (the peak of the heat release rate is 47.226 kW/m 2 ) and a low smoke density (the peak of the smoke production rate is 0.0107 m 2 /s). The carbon residue rate of the PES/CF/PET fiber hybrid composite reached 44.45% at 900°C. The carbonization of the benzene ring on the PES fiber backbone is the main mechanism of flame retardancy of the PES/CF/PET fiber hybrid composite.

日本札甲编缀技法作为日本传统铠甲至关重要的部分,研究其源流与发展对拓宽东亚铠甲史具有重要意义.本文通过对历史文献与文物资料的考据,将各个时期日本札甲编缀技法进行分解,并对其演变发展路径加以梳理归纳,阐述不同时代背景下札甲编缀技术转徙的渐次发展.通过研究表明:日本古坟时代挂甲起源是来自于中国东北地区骑兵甲的技术输入,后在素悬威技法上走向本土技术的革新;日本札甲编缀的发展路向是在多重潜在交流与冲突下断续递进的过程;在近世西学东渐的文化协同下,日本札甲的技术与艺术走向了巅峰时代.

教材是教学内容的主要载体,是教书育人的重要工具.新时代教材建设面临新的形势和任务要求.本文通过对我国与美国、英国、德国、日本等发达国家的纺纱类教材的对比分析,指出国外教材在编写上更加注重历史回顾、成本与市场等方面的内容,并对新形势下我国纺纱类教材的建设,特别是结合课程思政、新工科、新形态教材和英语教材的建设,提出了进一步发展的方向和建议.

介绍环锭细纱机自动接头技术的发展概况.阐述了环锭纺自动接头过程中断纱监测、钢丝圈定位、自动接头机器人机构及其末端执行器设计等关键技术.指出:断纱监测、断头捕获、钢丝圈准确定位是自动接头的基础;合理设计自动接头机器人机构和末端执行器,使之能够稳定、准确、无冲击地实现纱线夹取和完成预定运动轨迹是自动接头技术的难点;自动接头机器人的设计方案目前已有较多研究成果,按照是否在原断纱筒管上寻找断头可分为"原锭位接头"和"备用纱线接头".认为:自动监测技术、人工智能技术以及工业机器人技术的应用,促进了环锭细纱自动接头技术不断成熟.

Although windmill palm fiber is an abundant cellulose resource, it has not been efficiently used owing to the lack of the basic knowledge of its structure and properties. In this study, the surface morphology of windmill palm fiber was modified using acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride to generate hydrophobic nonwoven mats with optimal acoustic properties. A scanning electron microscope, a specific surface porosimeter, an infrared spectrum, and a standing wave tube were used to examine the fiber's micromorphology, pore structure, chemical composition, and sound absorption performance. Acetylation treatment damages the compact structure of the cell wall, resulting in the formation of nanoscale pores. Acetyl chloride changes the average pore diameter of fibers by 17 nm. When the polyvinyl alcohol content was 0.5 % and the surface density of mat was 0.140 g/cm(2), the sound absorption coefficient for the acetic anhydride-modified fiber was 0.66, which is 65 % greater than that of the untreated windmill palm fiber nonwoven mat. The windmill palm fiber has good potential for application in wallpaper and filling materials used at home.

文章从技术概念、产品特性、基本原理、设备概况以及应用现状等方面介绍了飞织技术.研究了汽车内饰面料设计开发新的需求点和飞织技术在汽车内饰面料设计中的创新应用,并分别从颜色设计、组织结构搭配、色块拼接与撞色、定位图案设计、透气性及轻盈运动感、半成形或全成形设计等方面进行分析.阐述汽车内饰飞织面料的开发方向、应用现状及未来的发展趋势,表明飞织技术将会给消费者带来更加多样化、时尚化和舒适功能化的高品质内饰面料选择.

Applications of environmentally friendly high-performance materials derived from natural fibers have attracted tremendous attention. Windmill palm mesh is a novel fiber web with a natural 3D structure. In this paper, natural 3D windmill palm mesh and windmill palm/flax fabrics were prepared as reinforcing materials to prepare epoxy matrix composites. The effects of fiber content, chemical treatment, and textile structure on mechanical properties of the palm materials based composites were investigated. The results showed that the palm materials reinforced composites had excellent mechanical properties. The palm mesh/epoxy composite had a tensile strength of 78 +/- 7 MPa, and a young's modulus of 991 +/- 92 MPa, when the fiber concentration was 60%. The alkalized windmill palm fiber/flax twill fabric reinforced epoxy composite has a high fracture specific work of 343 KJ/m(2).

As one of the most promising energy storage devices, graphene-based fibrous supercapacitors (FSSCs) are attracting intensive attention. However, the conflict between specific capacitance and intrinsic brittleness of pure graphene fibers hinders their practical applications. Herein, we develop a strategy to fabricate graphene-based ternary composite CNT/MXene/graphene (CMG) fiber electrodes with high toughness and high electrical and electrochemical performance. These resulting properties are attributed to the three-dimensional cross-linked conducting network within graphene sheets through covalent bonding and pi-pi interaction among acidified carbon nanotubes, graphene sheets, and MXene, which greatly contributes to the enhanced tensile strength, toughness, and electrical transport in the CMG fiber. The CMG fiber with the optimized mass ratio of different components shows a high toughness of similar to 1.7 MJ m(-3) and an electrical conductivity of 420 S cm(-1), which is 4- and 2-fold that of reduced graphene oxide fiber, respectively. The assembled FSSC based on the optimized CMG fiber exhibits an areal capacitance of 237 mF cm(-2) and a good rate performance of 85%.

在当代中国的社会文化背景下,从粉红色在女性服饰中的应用特点出发,将案例分析法与现象学研究相结合,梳理当代中国各个时期女性服饰中粉红色应用的演变,并解读其审美情趣,归纳分析女性主义思潮对中国女性服饰审美的影响,审视中国当代女性投射在粉红色上的审美情趣,以及粉红色在服饰文化中不断丰富和变化的精神内核.