AIMS:Effective treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain limited, necessitating the development of new therapeutic strategies. The traditional Chinese medicine Humulus scandens exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. However, its specific effects on NSCLC growth and metastasis remain unclear and require further investigation. METHODS:The inhibitory effects of Humulus scandens on NSCLC growth and metastasis were evaluated using mouse xenograft and lung metastasis models. Network pharmacology and transcriptomic analyses were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and cellular thermal shift assay were used to assess the direct targeting of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) by core components. In vitro experiments in LLC cells assessed cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. PI3K/(protein kinase B) Akt inhibitors were used to validate pathway involvement. RESULTS:Humulus scanden inhibited NSCLC growth and metastasis in vivo, disrupted tumor architecture, suppressed proliferation, and promoted apoptosis. Integrated analyses indicated a critical role of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Molecular studies established direct binding to PI3K. In vitro, the extract reduced LLC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis. These effects were partially attenuated by PI3K/Akt inhibitors. CONCLUSION:Humulus scanden inhibits NSCLC growth and metastasis, at least in part, through suppression of the PI3K/Akt pathway, supporting its potential as an adjuvant therapy for NSCLC.

IntroductionThe economic expansion of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) industry has prompted the Chinese government to introduce a series of policies focused on the registration review and approval of TCM. These policies aim to provide scientific and practical guidance for the innovation, protection, and progress of TCM. Although scholars have conducted detailed studies on the quantitative assessment of Traditional Chinese Medicine Registration Review and Approval Policies(TCMRAPs), Research on the evolution analysis of these policies is still relatively lacking.MethodsThe evolution of TCMRAPs was analyzed using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model.ResultsThe results show that the scope of concern of the TCMRAPs in China is vast. TCMRAPs demonstrate their uniqueness at each stage, and over time, they have exhibited a development trend from a basic framework to standardization and refinement.DiscussionThis study provides a reference for the subsequent formulation of TCMRAPs in China. Also, it offers an assessment method and theoretical reference for other countries in formulating their own policies for the drugs.

ObjectiveThe performance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) enterprises is affected by various factors, among which the impact of TCM Registration Innovation-Oriented policies (TCMRIPs) may be involved. TCMRIPs, in turn, improve enterprises performance by influencing TCM enterprises’ R&D investment. This aim of this study is to explore the impact of TCMRIPs on the performance of TCM enterprises, and the mediating role of R&D investment in this process.MethodsThis study constructs an unbalanced panel fixed model to empirically analyze the impact of TCMRIPs on enterprise performance and their heterogeneous characteristics, and examines the mediating effect of R&D investment.ResultsThe results show that the performance of TCM listed enterprises in China has a significant positive correlation with TCMRIPs. TCMRIPs play a positive role in TCM listed enterprises performance.ConclusionThis study also indicates that R&D investment plays a mediating role in the effect of TCMRIPs on the performance of TCM listed enterprises in China, and the impact of policies on enterprise performance has a lag. The new version of the Drug Registration Administration Measures, the TCM registration classification, and the mechanisms they bring can promote the improvement of enterprise performance more effectively than the previous policies and mechanisms.

IntroductionTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) culture represents the essence of traditional Chinese culture. The registration of TCM is crucial for promoting its sustainable development and can significantly contribute to the economic growth of the TCM industry. Consequently, the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies regarding TCM registration, aiming to provide scientific and effective guidance for the innovation, inheritance, and development of TCM. At present, China’s TCM registration policies are still inadequate, and it is necessary to evaluate and compare them quantitatively.MethodsThe present study utilizes text mining methodology and the Policy Modeling Consistency Index (PMC index) model to establish an evaluation system for quantitative assessment and comparison of the Drug Administration Law, Drug Registration Administration Method, Chinese Medicine Registration Administration Method, Chinese Medicine Law, and other relevant legislations spanning from 1985 to 2023.ResultsThis study revealed that (1) through a comprehensive analysis of high-frequency words, different Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulatory Policies (TCMRPs) shared similar content and objectives, but placed varying degrees of emphasis on specific aspects. (2) The average PMC index of 165 TCMRPs was 5.858, which generally fell within the acceptable range. Among these policies, none achieved perfection, while 39 policies were deemed excellent, constituting 23.6% of the total policies. There were a total of 119 policies falling within the acceptable range, accounting for 72.1% of the total. Additionally, there were 7 policies with below-standard performance, making up for only 4.2% of the total. (3) The PMC index values differed significantly across issuing institutions and incentive methods for various TCMRPs, with generally low scores observed in this regard. However, there were similarities in terms of policy nature, timelines, function, content, mode and scientism rating among these policies.Conclusion(1) The TCM registration system requires further enhancement and refinement to ensure greater efficiency and compliance with current standards. (2) Technical problems have hindered the research and development of TCM. (3) Talent preservation should be incorporated as a key consideration in the formulation of TCM registration policies. (4) The formulation of TCM registration policies should incorporate economic incentive considerations. (5) China ought to intensify the development of classic and renowned formulas to expedite the registration of novel TCM.

Processed Buddha's hand fruit (PBHF) is a widely consumed food, but its flavor profile and functional mechanisms remain understudied. In this study, human sensory evaluation (n = 120), E-tongue, E-nose, microbiomics, and metabolomics were integrated to comprehensively analyze PBHF's flavor characteristics and elucidate its dietary improvement mechanisms. Human sensory evaluation identified PBHF as predominantly sweet and sour with a soft texture, accompanied by subtle notes of saltiness, pomelo peel, liquorice, refreshment, hawthorn, fragrant aroma, and cinnamon. These findings were corroborated by E-tongue analysis, which confirmed sweetness and sourness as the primary tastes. E-nose detection revealed 36 aroma components, including limonene as the key contributor to the pomelo peel flavor. In animal studies, PBHF regulated dietary patterns in mice, significantly reducing weight gain and enhancing gastrointestinal motility. Importantly, it showed no adverse effects on organ indices (spleen, kidney, liver, or thymus). Microbiomics analysis indicated that PBHF increased the abundance of digestive bacteria such as Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lacticaseibacillus johnsonii, and Ligilactobacillus murinus. Metabolomics profiling further demonstrated that PBHF mitigated weight gain by upregulating metabolic pathways such as lipolysis in adipocytes, fatty acid degradation, and glycerolipid metabolism. By synergizing large-scale human sensory evaluation, electronic sensory evaluation, microbiomics, and metabolomics, this study systematically deciphered PBHF's flavor attributes and mechanistic roles in promoting digestion and metabolic health. These findings provide robust scientific evidence for PBHF's potential applications in functional food development.

Gougu tea (GG) and Gonglao tea (GL) were historically misclassified in tea markets for centuries due to their highly similar appearance. To resolve this long-standing challenge, our study focused on two objectives: elucidating the necessity for differentiating them, and constructing an efficient method for their discrimination. For the first time, E-tongue, HPLC-QTOF-MS-VirtualTaste, E-nose, electrochemical fingerprinting, and machine learning were integrated to comprehensively analyze their differences in flavor and composition. E-tongue analysis confirmed bitterness as a shared sensory attribute in GG and GL, while HPLC-QTOF-MS-VirtualTaste revealed their distinct bitter components. Organic acids and triterpenes predominated among the 85 taste components in GG, while alkaloids predominated among the 60 taste components in GL. Quantitative analysis showed that the average chlorogenic acid content (GG's primary bitter component) was 6.4787 mg/g, whereas berberine (GL's main bitter component) reached 17.0383 mg/g. E-nose analysis detected 51 and 38 volatile components in GG and GL, respectively. Eleven common components primarily exhibited fruity and sweet sensory characteristics. Furthermore, electrochemical fingerprinting combined with the random forest algorithm was established, achieving 99.85 % discrimination accuracy. Moreover, this approach possessed the advantages of low cost and simplicity. Our research contributes to addressing the centuries-old challenge of market confusion between GG and GL.

IntroductionThe similarity in appearance of poisonous and medicinal plants, such as Asarum heterotropoides (AH) and Cynanchum paniculatum (CP), poses safety risks due to frequent confusion. Since AH contains toxic ingredients, the traditional methods of olfactory and gustatory identification cannot be used to distinguish AH from CP.MethodsTo differentiate them systematically, we proposed a novel strategy based on dual electronic sensors (DES) and dual fingerprint spectra (DFS). The DES included two intelligent sensors, namely the E-nose and E-tongue, which differentiated AH and CP based on odor and taste, respectively. DFS comprised chemical fingerprint spectra obtained through LC-HR-Q-TOF-MS/MS and electrochemical fingerprint spectra derived from the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, differentiating AH and CP by their specific and overall compositions, respectively. To our knowledge, this was the first time that the E-nose, E-tongue, LC-HR-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction were combined to identify AH and CP.Results and discussion With the E-nose, we identified 25 major odor components in AH and 12 odor components in CP in a single run of 140 s. Using the E-tongue, bitterness and astringency were identified as their primary taste differences. Furthermore, 91 compounds in AH and 90 compounds in CP were identified through LC-HR-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Both AH and CP shared nitrogenous compounds, volatile oils, organic acids, and lignans. However, AH uniquely contained coumarins and flavonoids, while CP contained steroidal compounds and saccharides. Notably, AH also possessed distinct toxic components, specifically aristolactam I, aristolochic acid D, and safrole. Based on the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, we obtained the electrochemical fingerprint spectra of AH and CP, thereby facilitating further distinction between these two herbs. Through the combination of electrochemical fingerprint spectra with principal component analysis (PCA) or orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the accuracy of this method reached 100%. Through the fusion strategy, the odors, tastes, components, and electrochemical properties of AH and CP have been systematically analyzed.

药事管理学课程改革以一流课程建设为契机,通过教学模式、教学方法和手段、教学评价机制、教学内容及教学活动五方面的创新,改进了传统灌输式的教学模式,初步构建了药事管理学问题导入式混合教学创新模式,在培养学生的家国情怀,法治观念,严谨认真的工作态度等方面取得了良好成效.

植物生理学课程是中药资源学、中草药栽培与鉴定专业的专业基础课,对学生的专业基础理论学习与各方面能力的培养具有重要意义.本文分析了目前植物生理学教学中存在的问题,并结合线上与线下混合教学的方式,对教学观念与教学方法进行创新和改革,充分体现以"学生为中心"的教学理念,以期取得良好的教学效果.

目的:对马蔺子进行系统本草考证,为该药材质量标准的制订提供参考,也为进一步挖掘其新的药用功效提供线索.方法:查阅历代本草及中医典籍,比较马蔺子在16个地方标准中质量标准的差异,从其名称、产地、形态、药性及功用等方面进行本草考证.结果:马蔺子以"蠡实"之名始载于《神农本草经》,且别名众多,清代以后均以马蔺子作为药名;植物形态描述及绘图表明,马蔺子无混淆品,且与《中华本草》记述基本一致;古代本草记载产地以河北冀县最为道地,且清代以后全国各地均有出产;药性方面主要为性温、平,味甘,无毒,归肝、脾、胃、肺经,有清热利湿、解毒消肿、止血的功效.可治疗小便不利、寒痹湿滞、便血、寒疝、血崩、白带、痈肿等,其外敷还可治疗虫蛇咬伤.结论:通过对马蔺子进行本草考证,可为国家制定该药材的中药质量标准提供科学依据,为进一步开发其新功效提供重要参考.

牛蒡根在我国传统医疗及食疗实践中有着广泛的应用,也是目前国家公布的"可用于保健食品的中药"之一.但传统本草文献中记录的"牛蒡"药用部位为果实,对牛蒡根的记载则散见或混于文献的部分语句中,不利于应用和解读.经梳理及考证,牛蒡根始载于《名医别录》,又称恶实根、鼠粘子根等,"苦,寒,无毒",其功能主治可以总结为"祛风热,消肿毒.治风毒面肿,头晕,咽喉热肿,热毒齿痛,咳嗽,消渴,痈疽疮疥,风湿痹痛,症瘕积块".自唐代开始,牛蒡根就有着广泛的食疗应用,主要用法是作饭食、做牛蒡粥;宋代开始作菜食用,称为牛菜;明代有了牛蒡酒的记载;现代牛蒡根则有炖肉等食疗应用.

目的 对半夏进行本草考证并根据记载对其毒性和解毒方法进行归纳研究.方法 通过查阅关于半夏的文献和历代方剂著作,了解关于半夏的名称、形态、分布、药理、毒性及减毒方法.结果 半夏的分布范围极为广泛.而其道地产区位置变化与半夏本身的质量优劣密不可分,半夏对咽喉和内脏具有一定刺激性和毒性,姜制是最有效的减毒方法.结论 半夏的作用功效显著,但因其为有毒中药,为避免在使用时中毒,炮制减毒至关重要.此次本草考证可为中药半夏药用价值的后续研究和对毒性相关的讨论提供参考.

In order to adapt to the development of Chinese medicine technology and industry in China,as well as the continuous improvement of social demand for technical personnel in Chinese medicine resources,we studied and constructed a practical teaching system for Chinese medicine resources and development major.We fully implement relevant policies and measures,define reform objectives,improve personnel training programs,in order to cultivate compound technical and skilled personnel and meet the requirements of the personnel market.

Velvet antler is a kind of precious Chinese medicine,which has been recorded in detail in medical books of all dynas-ties.The medicinal use of antler has a history of thousands of years.However,due to the changes of dynasties,regional differences,and incomplete ancient classification methods,the descriptions of its medicinal value in the literature of various dynasties are different.To clarify the ancient and modem records of antler.In this paper,it was systematically discussed from the aspects of meridian conver-sion,efficacy indications,collection and processing,and character,which laid the foundation for the development of clinical and sci-entific research work.

我国的本草学是世界上迄今为止保持得最为完整的药学体系之一.2016年开始在辽宁中医药大学本科生中开设本草学选修课,2018年中药学专业调整为必修考试课.本课程在讲述中深入挖掘思政元素,全过程融入课程思政,做到以专业知识为主体,有机结合"立德树人""思政育人"思想.以学生的成长为中心,培养学生的中医药思维和科学思维,打造辽宁中医药大学药学院中药学本科专业的教学特色.

目的:对马鹿茸多肽A的表面结构进行分析,并探讨其结构对药效的作用.方法:采用原子力显微镜观察马鹿茸多肽A的表面结构.结果:马鹿茸多肽A表面呈三维的曲面、板状结构;其基部为不规则网格状结构,3D结构显示其网格边缘具有粗细不均、长短不等的支链形成椎体状突起,呈栅状或片状.质量浓度为 0.50、0.25、0.10 μg·mL-1 的马鹿茸多肽A的粗糙度分别为 0.667 2、0.700 0 和 0.790 0,表面高度分别为 14.510 5、39.458 8、6.139 7 nm.在相同波长下,一维各向同性功率谱密度越大,则二维各向同性功率谱密度越大,样品对于测定的响应越灵敏.结论:马鹿茸多肽A的曲面板状结构可增加与作用靶点的接触面积,其栅状或片状椎体支链结构则更有利于和作用靶点的相互接触或渗入而易发挥药效作用.随着质量浓度的增大,其粗糙度逐渐变小;而表面高度没有随质量浓度的变化呈现出规律性的变化.

目的 探究棕榈子的用法用量,促进棕榈子中药饮片标准的统一,为提高现代中医临床精准用药提供历史佐证.方法 运用描述统计分析法,描述分析各地方标准用法用量项差异具体情况.运用文献检索法,查阅方剂资料,包括主治疾病、用法用量及药物频次统计等,并对棕榈子用量进行古今折算.结果 棕榈子炮制方法采用煅制,用法以煎汤为主,古今折算单次用量范围3.73～11.19 g为宜,具有涩肠止泻、收敛止血的功效,治泻痢、泄泻、痢疾、痔血、崩漏带下、鼻洪吐血、衄血、胎动不安等病症.结论 棕榈子用法用量具有一定的研究价值,可进一步深入到药学实验研究中,以期促进中医临床用药研发.

大黄作为中医常用药,应用历史悠久,但记载书籍众多,内容参差不齐.文章通过查阅历代本草医籍、方书,从名称、毒性、功效、产地、采收加工等方面对大黄的记载进行考证研究.通过对大黄进行系统考证,以期为合理应用提供理论依据.

据统计,中药饮片海桐皮目前没有国家标准,但有多达15个地方饮片标准,对比发现其药性内容存在较大差异.文章通过查阅本草古籍文献和中医理论文献,对海桐皮的性、味、归经进行系统的考证.经考证,随着中药药性理论的发站内完善过程和海桐皮药效功用的变化,结合五行学说、脏腑经络学说等中医理论,认为海桐皮的药性可归纳为性温,味苦、辛,归肝、脾、胃经.古代本草著作浓缩着我国历代医家流派的中医药精华,通过本草考证,探究中药本身的内在规律,重视中药药性理论的真实科学内涵,为完善现代中药质量统一标准提供具有重要价值的原始文献依据.

通过查阅分析相关的本草文献书籍,对桂心的来源、性味归经,功效主治进行研究梳理.经考证研究,桂心为肉桂去除栓皮者,味苦辛甘,性温热,归心脾肺肾经,有治九种心痛、腹内冷痛、五劳七伤、消风痹症瘕等功效.