Hair loss is a prevalent dermatological disorder with limited durable therapies. Although acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) promotes hair regeneration, its poor bioavailability and rapid degradation constrain efficacy. Here, we report a bioorthogonal click-engineered microneedle patch (ClickMNP) that enables efficient intradermal delivery of adeno-associated virus encoding aFGF (AAV-aFGF) for localized, sustained transgene expression. ClickMNP is constructed by synthesizing dibenzocyclooctyne-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-DBCO) that undergoes strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) with an azide-functionalized poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-N3) microneedle matrix, forming a cross-linked hydrogel network on the microneedle surface that immobilizes AAV while retaining infectivity, thereby creating a chemically robust, biologically active microneedle-virus interface for dermal gene transfer. Following intradermal application, ClickMNP breaches the stratum corneum and establishes a sustained viral depot that drives prolonged aFGF expression, addressing the low exposure and rapid clearance inherent to protein administration. In murine alopecia models, a single ClickMNP administration accelerates hair-follicle regeneration, enhances dermal angiogenesis, and prolongs anagen, outperforming free AAV-aFGF and recombinant aFGF controls. The platform preserves follicle viability and sustains regrowth across repeated depilation cycles, yielding native-like follicular architecture with increased indices of de novo folliculogenesis. Biocompatibility assessment indicates favorable local tolerability, and transcriptomic analysis reveals upregulation of pathways associated with fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and follicular cycling, consistent with the observed phenotype. Collectively, ClickMNP establishes a versatile bioorthogonal microneedle-virus interface strategy that combines chemical engineering with gene therapy, offering a transformative solution for hair loss and broader cutaneous indications.

Electrolyte design for advanced lithium-metal batteries faces a persistent challenge: reconciling physicochemical performance, economic viability, and environmental sustainability within a single molecular framework. Here, we introduce an AI-guided protocol that integrates molecular and electronic descriptors to rapidly screen over 1000 solvent candidates. Our design principle centers on introducing asymmetric alkyl or alkoxy substituents along the ether backbone, creating an electronic and steric environment that simultaneously modulates dipole moment distribution, liquid range, and electrochemical potential window. Experimental and computational results demonstrate that extending the ether chain length enhances oxidative stability and volatility resistance through multidentate coordination, eliminating the need for conventional fluorination. Concurrently, molecular asymmetry introduces electronic inequivalence among the coordinating oxygen atoms, generating a solvation environment that preserves the thermodynamic stability of multidentate binding while kinetically facilitating desolvation via a weakened coordination site. The optimized fluorine-free asymmetric ether electrolyte enables Li || LiCoO2 (LCO) coin cells to retain 81.2% of room-temperature capacity at -40 °C and maintain 91.3% capacity after 300 cycles. A 301 Wh kg-1 (1 Ah) pouch cell retains 71.9% capacity at -35 °C, and a 475 Wh kg-1 (5 Ah) pouch cell operates under lean electrolyte conditions (1 g Ah-1). This molecular asymmetry strategy within fluorine-free ether frameworks represents a paradigm shift, uniquely unifying high-voltage stability, volatility resistance, and reliable ultralow-temperature operation. The methodology integrates data-driven high-throughput screening with rational molecular engineering, offering an efficient route toward high-performance, cost-effective, and environmentally benign electrolytes for extreme-condition batteries.

Stretchable electronics are poised to revolutionize smart wearables and biomedical implants, yet their progress is hindered by the lack of biocompatible and easily functionalized conductors. While silver nanowire (Ag NW)-based composites show promise, their cytotoxicity and chemical instability often require complex passivation with noble metal coatings. Here, we introduce a scalable in situ synthesis that directly converts a patterned blend of Ag NWs and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a hierarchical core-shell architecture. The resulting material features a conductive nanocomposite core enveloped by a protective, CNT-rich shell, achieving high conductivity (5100 S/cm), stretchability (>200% strain), and carbon-like biocompatibility. Its broad electrochemical stability window permits direct electroplating of active materials required for physical and chemical sensing. We demonstrate the utility of this platform via soft electronic patches that conform to dynamic skins and organs. In a compelling in vivo application, these patches successfully recorded pathological electrograms and terminated arrhythmia via closed-loop pacing therapy on a rabbit heart. This work establishes a general strategy for creating biocompatible compliant conductors as a key enabler for stretchable devices in health monitoring, medical therapies, and human-machine interfaces.

Epilepsy is increasingly linked to neurodegeneration, yet the cellular drivers of the neuron-microglia interplay remain unclear. Herein, we present "EpiNeuroid", a 3D-bioprinted human neural organoid that incorporates barium titanate piezoelectric nanoparticles to generate an on-demand, ultrasound-triggered electrostimulatory microenvironment that induces a hyperexcitable state, recapitulating key electrophysiological signatures indicative of a trend toward epileptiform discharges. EpiNeuroid recapitulates neuronal DAMPs release (HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB), microglial activation (Iba1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS), heightened neuronal Ca2+ influx, and progressive viability loss, with microglia amplifying injury and hyperexcitability to establish a self-perpetuating epilepsy-neurodegeneration loop. To enable therapeutic screening, we engineered self-assembled ginsenoside protopanaxadiol nanorods (PPD-NRs), which outperformed free protopanaxadiol by suppressing BDNF/ERK/CREB/mTOR hyperactivation, reducing cytokines and HMGB1, restoring Ca2+ homeostasis, and preserving neurosphere integrity. Collectively, EpiNeuroid provides a human-relevant, tunable platform for the mechanistic dissection and discovery of nanotherapeutic interventions in epilepsy-associated neurodegeneration.

Obesity is increasingly recognized as a chronic immunometabolic disorder driven by dysregulated gut-adipose communication and microbiota imbalance. Here, we present bioengineered pH-responsive probiotic-prebiotic hierarchical microspheres (MicroSym) that coordinate localized microbial restoration with systemic immune reprogramming to treat obesity-related disorders. MicroSym is fabricated via microfluidic-assisted phase separation coupled with electrostatic spraying, embedding probiotic bacteria within a lotus-derived prebiotic matrix to form a protective yet responsive microenvironment that preserves viability during gastric transit. At intestinal pH, the hierarchical architecture selectively disassembles to release probiotics and prebiotic substrates, fostering beneficial colonization and metabolite production. This symbiotic modulation reshapes the gut immune landscape, suppresses proinflammatory macrophage polarization, and restores adipose tissue homeostasis. In diet-induced obese mice, oral treatment with MicroSym remodels the gut microbiota, improves glucose tolerance, reduces lipid accumulation, and normalizes cytokine profiles without overt toxicity. Transcriptomic profiling and microbiome analyses further validate comprehensive systemic immunometabolic benefits. Collectively, this work establishes a biofabricated symbiotic microsphere platform for controlling microbiota-immune-metabolic crosstalk and offers a translatable therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated immunometabolic disease.

Pediatric pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, necessitating timely and appropriate therapy along with comprehensive supportive care, especially in homecare settings. While oral antipyretics are effective at reducing fever, their administration poses challenges in children who cannot take medication orally and, more critically, they fall short in managing severe cases characterized by high fever and hypoxemia. To address these challenges, we present NanoAid, a bioengineered rectal system designed to advance pediatric pneumonia management. NanoAid ingeniously encapsulates ginseng-exosome-liposome hybrids loaded with antipyretic medications (Ge-Lip@IBP) within a foamable nanocomplex of Tween-20 and oxygen-carrying perfluorocarbon (TW-NP@PFP-O2), enabling the efficient rectal delivery of therapeutics for effective pneumonia treatment. The synergistic interaction between perfluorocarbon and Tween-20 in NanoAid produces robust and stable foams upon rectal application, ensuring uniform distribution and significantly enhancing systemic absorption of the therapeutic agents. This advanced delivery system allows for a more consistent and prolonged release of antipyretics, resulting in a pharmacokinetic profile that markedly outperforms conventional suppositories. Furthermore, NanoAid’s unique ability to simultaneously deliver antipyretics, ginseng bioactive components, and oxygen targets multiple aspects of pneumonia pathology. The potent antipyretics, in conjunction with the therapeutic properties of ginseng-derived exosomes, work synergistically to achieve significant anti-inflammatory effects and fever reduction. The oxygenation support provided by perfluorocarbon is crucial in combating hypoxemia, a critical concern in severe pneumonia cases. This enhanced oxygenation not only directly addresses hypoxemia but also improves the antipyretic efficacy, leading to better overall treatment outcomes and increased survival rates. Importantly, transcriptomic analysis further underscores the efficacy of NanoAid, revealing that these coordinated therapeutic actions significantly mitigate pneumonia-induced complications. Thus, NanoAid represents a groundbreaking advancement in pediatric pneumonia treatment, establishing a new benchmark for integrating natural bioactive components with cutting-edge medical technology in the management of complex diseases.

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have gained recognition as revolutionary biomaterials, owing to their inherent degradability, favorable biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Additive manufacturing (AM) provides high design flexibility and enables the creation of implants with personalized complex shapes and internal porous structures tailored to individual anatomical and functional needs. Particularly, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), one prevalent AM technique, utilizes a fine laser beam as heat source and results in tiny molten pool with extremely fast cooling rate, which effectively restricts grain growth, inter-metallic precipitation and macroscopic segregation, thus facilitating the fabrication of high-performance metal parts. This review critically assesses the significance of biodegradable Mg alloys and investigates the feasibility of utilizing LPBF for Mg alloys applications in biomedical field. Detailed discussions on LPBF-processed biomedical Mg alloys parts cover process parameters, microstructure, metallurgical defects, and properties like mechanical performance, corrosion behavior, and biological response in both as-built and post-processed states. Additionally, suggestions for advancing knowledge in LPBF of biodegradable Mg alloys for biomedical applications are highlighted to propel further research and development in this field.

Bacterial enteritis necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies to overcome the significant limitations posed by conventional antibiotics. Here, we introduce a pioneering antibacterial approach, employing a multifaceted "catch-and-kill" mechanism that synergistically integrates targeted pathogen capture, sonodynamic eradication, and toxin neutralization. We present SonoMMT, a microfluidically engineered sonosensitizer-montmorillonite complex. SonoMMT selectively adsorbs pathogenic bacteria and bacterial toxins, shields encapsulated sonosensitizers from gastric degradation, and enables sonodynamic therapy. Upon ultrasound activation, SonoMMT generates localized reactive oxygen species (ROS), efficiently eliminating captured pathogens and neutralizing residual toxins while preserving host cell integrity. In vitro assessments demonstrate robust antibacterial efficacy against bacteria. In vivo studies using a Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)-induced enteritis mouse model confirm that orally delivered SonoMMT significantly reduces bacterial loads, toxin levels, intestinal inflammation, and tissue damage. Moreover, gut microbiome analysis reveals beneficial shifts in microbial composition post-treatment, underscoring SonoMMT's dual action in pathogen clearance and microbiome restoration. Thus, SonoMMT represents a transformative advancement in bacterial enteritis management.

Exhaled breath analysis offers noninvasive, early lung cancer detection via volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers, surpassing blood-based methods. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is ideal for this purpose, combining molecular fingerprint specificity with single-molecule sensitivity. However, conventional SERS substrates face a fundamental limitation: while porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks effectively adsorb VOCs through their subnanometer pores (0.5-2 nm), their nonmetallic composition and confined pore architecture (orders of magnitude smaller than Raman excitation wavelengths) severely restrict plasmonic enhancement. In contrast, ordered plasmonic arrays deliver strong signal amplification but lack sufficient porosity for efficient VOCs adsorption. Here, we develop semiopen ordered Ag@Au nanotube arrays fabricated through nanoimprint lithography and ion beam etching-induced sidewall growth, which simultaneously function as optical resonators and molecular traps, enabling multimodal plasmonic coupling (localized surface plasmon resonance, surface plasmon resonance, and periodic lattice resonance) for superior light-matter interactions. The substrate's performance is further enhanced through Ag nanoparticle decoration for hotspot amplification and 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) functionalization for selective aldehyde capture via Schiff base reaction. The resulting SERS substrate shows strong visible absorption (86.5%), excellent benzaldehyde sensitivity (limit of detection: 10 ppb), and long-term stability (relative standard deviation = 4.9%, >50 days), offering a practical platform for breath-based lung cancer diagnostics.

Sodium overload has emerged as a novel antitumor approach, which is termed as "saltoptosis," due to its significant therapeutic potential. However, its inherent limitations and related solid tumor treatment challenges have impeded clinical translation. A synergistic strategy integrating saltoptosis with sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is proposed to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Specifically, a M1 macrophage extracellular vesicle-liposome hybrid (termed "Sonophage"), encapsulating sonosensitizer (Ce6), oxygen-enriched perfluorocarbon (PFC-O2), and salt solution (brine), is engineered. This innovative design enables the simultaneous activation of sonodynamic saltoptosis. Under ultrasound, Sonophage directly damages tumor cells via SDT while inducing immunogenic cell death. Concurrently, sodium overload, paired with the biological functions of M1 macrophage extracellular vesicles, reprograms the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by polarizing macrophages to a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and enhancing T-cell activation, key drivers of antitumor immunity. Additionally, PFC-O2 alleviates tumor hypoxia, amplifying the combined therapeutic impact. Preclinical studies show that Sonophage selectively targets and penetrates tumors, significantly inhibiting progression, priming systemic immunity to prevent metastasis, and ultimately extending survival. Transcriptomic analysis further confirms its potential to enhance immune responses against tumors. Thus, this combination therapy, where sondynamic waves in a sea of salt orchestrate a synergistic attack on tumors, offers a promising new avenue for advancing cancer treatment.

Stretchable electronics offer a promising body-integrated platform for next-generation biomedical devices. However, a significant barrier to their therapeutic efficacy lies in the absence of an efficient transdermal delivery modality. This study presents a stretchable electronic patch equipped with porous microneedles, specifically designed for the wearable treatment of cancer. This electronic patch incorporates an MXene heater that maintains stable temperatures when subjected to tensile deformations. Additionally, a textile dressing component utilizes embedded phase change carriers that enable the on-demand release of anticancer medications through electrothermal activation. The porous microneedles, produced via 3D printing, are engineered to effectively penetrate the epidermis, thereby facilitating successful drug delivery. Complementing these features are a flexible circuit and a compact battery, which together form an untethered wearable system capable of executing remote treatment commands from a smartphone. The combination of chemothermal therapy through electronic control has demonstrated substantial efficacy in inhibiting the growth of subcutaneous tumors. These advancements underscore the substantial potential of stretchable electronics for personalized wearable therapies that permit uninterrupted daily activities.

In recent years, additive manufacturing of biodegradable composite ceramics has attracted widespread attention. This study explores the vat photopolymerization (VP) of Ca3(PO4)2 / MgO composite ceramics, investigating the VP slurry and the effects of material composition and light-curing parameters on the monolayer curing depth and excess curing width of the green body. When the curing parameters are consistent, the monolayer curing depth of the Ca3(PO4)2 group, composite group, and MgO group samples decreases successively. Whereas, the excess curing width sequentially increases. When the material is the same and the exposure energy is constant, the impact of exposure time on monolayer curing depth is higher than that of exposure intensity. Regarding excess curing width, the situation is completely reversed. This research serves as a reference for the development of composite ceramic slurries and the process of photopolymerization, providing theoretical guidance for controlling the precision of subsequent photopolymerization shaping.

Through transcriptomic analysis of patient-derived glioblastoma tissues, we identify an overactivation of inflammatory pathways that contribute to the development of a tumor-promoting microenvironment and therapeutic resistance. To address this critical mechanism, we present NanoAid, a biomimetic nanoplatform designed to target inflammatory pro-tumor processes to advance glioblastoma chemotherapy. NanoAid employs macrophage-membrane-liposome hybrids to optimize the delivery of COX-2 inhibitor parecoxib and paclitaxel. By inheriting macrophage characteristics, NanoAid not only efficiently traverses the blood-brain barrier and precisely accumulates within tumors but also enhances cancer cell uptake, thereby improving overall anticancer efficacy. Notably, the combination of parecoxib and paclitaxel effectively disrupts inflammatory pro-tumor processes while inducing a synergistic effect that inhibits tumor growth, overcomes therapeutic resistance, and minimizes adverse effects. This results in substantial tumor growth inhibition and extends the median survival of tumor-bearing mice. Thus, our study bridges clinical insights with fundamental research, potentially revolutionizing tumor therapy paradigms.

Elderly patients with hyperlipidemia often exhibit resistance to conventional hypolipidemic treatments, underscoring the need for more effective strategies to address lipid imbalances in this high-risk group. This study introduces LipClean, an aerogel-based apheresis device specifically designed to remove harmful plasma lipids. LipClean is constructed using hydrophilic cellulose fibers, which serve as a supramolecular platform for synthesizing hydrophobic conjugated polymers through a Sonogashira-Hagihara reaction. These conjugated polymers are then cross-linked with the cellulose fibers via phosphorylation, generating an aerogel monolith with an interpenetrating network of hydrophilic fibers and hydrophobic polymers. Unlike bilayer aerogels that separate hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers, LipClean's interpenetrating structure is precisely engineered through polymer design and gradient cross-linking. This optimization enhances both bodily fluid flow and lipid adsorption while minimizing the removal of essential plasma components and ensuring unobstructed cell passage. In preclinical testing, LipClean significantly reduced triglyceride and cholesterol levels in an elderly rat model of hyperlipidemia and normalized lipid levels in blood samples from hypertensive patients. Importantly, purified blood maintained normal levels of blood cells and physiological and biochemical indicators after apheresis, highlighting LipClean's potential for managing hyperlipidemia-related disorders. This study, therefore, underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in driving medical device innovation.

Precise control of gene editing in target cells is essential for CRISPR/Cas9 applications. Here, we present a nanoimprinted photothermal chip (NPC) engineered for on-demand delivery and activation of CRISPR/Cas9 complexes with high spatial and temporal precision. Fabricated by nanoimprint lithography and subsequent surface modification, NPC features a customized PEGylated plasmonic gold nanopillar array, which provides both optimal cellular adhesion and efficient photothermal conversion. Upon NIR irradiation, NPC generates spatially confined thermal microdomains that transiently permeabilizes cell membranes, thereby facilitating cytosolic delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 complexes and synchronously modulating genome-editing kinetics. In vitro studies demonstrate robust gene knockout in both mouse and sheep cell lines while preserving high cell viability and editing fidelity. Remarkably, NPC-mediated PD-1 gene disruption in cytotoxic T cells markedly enhance their antitumor activity. Overall, this work establishes NPC as a transformative platform for precise and controllable CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing with broad therapeutic potential.

Shape-adaptive tissue-responsive adhesive patch (STRAP), inspired by the electric-eel's bioelectric capabilities, is proposed to enhance postsurgical recovery in diabetes. STRAP integrates piezoelectric nanogenerators, photothermal materials, and shape-adaptive fibers to address diabetes-related challenges, including impaired wound healing, infection susceptibility, and regeneration deficits. Its biochemical and photothermal properties promote tissue adhesion through covalent bonding and conformational adaptability, ensuring rapid hemostasis and preventing wound adhesions. STRAP replicates the natural microenvironment for effective regeneration and transforms mechanical energy from acoustic stress into beneficial electrical signals, boosting cellular activity, inhibiting bacterial infection, and accelerating wound repair. Preclinical evaluations across multiple animal models demonstrate STRAP's capacity to dynamically adapt to individual conditions and evolving environments, resulting in superior hemostatic performance in a pig liver injury model, postoperative adhesion prevention in the intestine and stomach, and wound healing acceleration in diabetic mouse, rat, and rabbit models. This underscores the promise of nature-inspired designs in tackling medical challenges. In summary, by integrating rapid hemostasis, infection control, tissue regeneration, and antiadhesion properties, STRAP provides a comprehensive solution for postoperative wound management and recovery.

Postoperative tumor treatment necessitates a delicate balance between eliminating residual tumor cells and promoting surgical wound healing. Addressing this challenge, we harness the innovation and elegance of nature’s ingenuity to develop a butterfly-wing-inspired photoactive nanofiber patch (WingPatch), aimed at advancing postoperative care. WingPatch is fabricated using a sophisticated combination of electrostatic spinning and spraying techniques, incorporating black rice powder (BRP) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) into a corn-derived polylactic acid (PLA) nanofiber matrix. This fabrication process yields a paclitaxel-infused porous nanofiber architecture that mirrors the delicate patterns of butterfly wings. Meanwhile, all-natural composites have been selected for their strategic roles in postoperative recovery. BRP offers the dual benefits of photothermal therapy and antibacterial properties, while KGM enhances both antibacterial effectiveness and tissue regeneration. Responsive to near-infrared light, WingPatch ensures robust tissue adhesion and initiates combined photothermal and chemotherapeutic actions to effectively destroy residual tumor cells. Crucially, it simultaneously prevents infections and promotes wound healing throughout the treatment process. Its effectiveness has been confirmed by animal studies, and WingPatch significantly improves treatment outcomes in both breast and liver tumor models. Thus, WingPatch exemplifies our dedication to leveraging natural world’s intricate patterns and inventiveness to propel postoperative care forward.

The integration of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with cuproptosis for targeted cancer treatment epitomizes a significant advancement in oncology. Herein, we present a dual-responsive therapeutic system, "CytoNano", which combines a cationic liposome infused with copper-nitride nanoparticles and oxygen-rich perfluorocarbon (Lip@Cu3N/PFC-O2), all enveloped in a biomimetic coating of neutrophil membrane and acid-responsive carboxymethylcellulose. CytoNano leverages the cellular mimicry of neutrophils and acid-responsive materials, enabling precise targeting of tumors and their acidic microenvironment. This strategic design facilitates the targeted release of Lip@Cu3N/PFC-O2 within the tumor, enhancing cancer cell uptake and mitochondrial localization. Consequently, it amplifies the therapeutic efficacy of both Cu3N-driven SDT and cuproptosis while preserving healthy tissues. Additionally, CytoNano's ultrasound responsiveness enhances intratumoral oxygenation, overcoming physiological barriers and initiating a combined sonodynamic-cuproptotic effect that induces multiple cell death pathways. Thus, we pioneer a biomimetic approach in precise sonodynamic cuproptosis, revolutionizing cancer therapy.

Disruptions in metal balance can trigger a synergistic interplay of cuproptosis and ferroptosis, offering promising solutions to enduring challenges in oncology. Here, we have engineered a Cellular Trojan Horse, named MetaCell, which uses live neutrophils to stably internalize thermosensitive liposomal bimetallic Fe-Cu MOFs (Lip@Fe-Cu-MOFs). MetaCell can instigate cuproptosis and ferroptosis, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy. Mirroring the characteristics of neutrophils, MetaCell can evade the immune system and not only infiltrate tumors but also respond to inflammation by releasing therapeutic components, thereby surmounting traditional treatment barriers. Notably, Lip@Fe-Cu-MOFs demonstrate notable photothermal effects, inciting a targeted release of Fe-Cu-MOFs within cancer cells and amplifying the synergistic action of cuproptosis and ferroptosis. MetaCell has demonstrated promising treatment outcomes in tumor-bearing mice, effectively eliminating solid tumors and forestalling recurrence, leading to extended survival. This research provides great insights into the complex interplay between copper and iron homeostasis in malignancies, potentially paving the way for innovative approaches in cancer treatment.

Stretchable transparent electrodes are crucial components for deformable electronics. While solid-state electrodes struggle to achieve significant stretchability, liquid metal electrodes have emerged as a potential alternative. However, their widespread application has been limited by their complex fabrication and reduced performance when stretched. This study introduces stretchable transparent electrodes composed of liquid metal in serpentine micromesh patterns. These electrodes are constructed cost-effectively to show high optical transmittance and low sheet resistance. They can endure 800% strain with limited variations in resistance due to the serpentine design. A transparent proximity and touch sensor is combined with soft pneumatic actuators to enable a deformable haptic interface. Additionally, transparent heaters are prepared to conform to the curvilinear body surface, allowing for thermotherapy on subcutaneous tumors while concurrently monitoring the skin's responses. Liquid metal serpentine micromeshes represent promising transparent electrodes for stretchable devices and systems.