张广德作为我国著名导引养生家,对导引养生功、健身气功事业的发展贡献卓著.运用文献资料、逻辑分析、专家访谈等研究方法,探究张广德导引养生观的历史生成,阐析张广德导引养生观的核心要点,并立足新时代审视张广德导引养生观的当代价值.研究认为,张广德导引养生观的历史生成以其1974年"身患肺癌"和1986年"导引养生功正式列入北京体育学院教学大纲"为重要节点,分为萌芽期(1932-1973年)、发展期(1974-1985年)和成熟期(1986-2014年)3个阶段;其核心要点主要表现为注重"辨证施治,对症练功"的基本理念,强调"逢动必旋,逢作必绕"的动作特征,主张"动其梢节,行于指趾"的内在要旨,以及提倡"养练结合,尤重养性"的养生理念.新时代张广德的导引养生观有助于推进民族传统体育运动处方的深入开展,有助于丰富运动促进健康的方法体系,有助于继承和弘扬传统体育养生文化,有助于促进中西方文化的交流互鉴.
为回应党的二十大提出"加快建设体育强国"的新要求,文章试图依循人类学的解释机制借格尔茨的文化阐释范式对体育强国建设的文化维度进行深入考察.研究发现:加快建设体育强国的本质并不是自我言说的"本体"叙事,而是基于体育文化链接所建立起的意义结构.研究认为:1)"体育强国"作为地方性知识的双重内涵分别对应着其作为文化模式的双重性质,后者的相互转化赋予"体育强国"以意义图式的功能,并在"加快建设体育强国"文化景观作用机制的发挥中深化了其意义图式的价值.2)基于体育文化的符号性、公共性与系统性,从概念到可被公众感知的社会性编码,进而发展为作用于社会行动的控制机制,是体育文化与"体育强国"的内在联系,并为"体育强国"的价值呈现提供必要的意义空间.3)体育精神的引领性与时代性、体育文化的社会整合性以及体育参与社会心态的健康多元性是建构体育文化意义之网的基础,也是加快建设体育强国背景下的体育文化的发展使命.
在核心素养时代,深入探讨我国体育与健康课程学业质量评价不仅是进一步深化教育评价改革的重要举措,更事关体育教育事业的科学发展.运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,对我国体育与健康课程学业质量评价的基本内涵、学理逻辑、现实困境和实践路向进行分析.研究认为:体育与健康课程学业质量评价应遵循人的"生成性存在"逻辑、循证教育逻辑和实践育人逻辑.在此基础上,指出我国当前体育与健康课程学业质量评价面临的现实困境:以考代评,忽视评价的过程性与真实性;方法单一,降低评价的针对性与科学性;主体缺位,影响评价的专业性与实效性.针对这些困境,提出以下发展路径:区分考试与评价,让评价回归"育人"本位;创新多种评价方法,使评价结果趋于精准化;协同多元评价主体,构建客观公正评价机制,最终构建真正促进学生全面发展的、符合体育学科且具中国特色的体育与健康课程学业质量评价体系.
儒家文化是东亚汉字文化圈的核心思想,华夷之辨则是儒家义理观的核心命题.射礼作为中华礼仪体系的重要组成部分在朝鲜备受推崇,对朝鲜半岛儒家化也产生了深远影响.运用文献资料法、历史分析法,对射礼在朝鲜王朝儒家化治理过程中的历史价值,及其所呈现出来的华夷观嬗变进行考证.研究表明:朝鲜王朝在建国之初对射礼推崇备至,事大慕华为其主要外交策略;至中期,射礼成为朝鲜"以夏变夷",从而"进于中国"的慕华之举;明清鼎革之后,朝鲜视满清为夷狄,通过射礼施行彰显尊周思明之大义,意图在"攘夷"同时申明其"中华"身份.以射礼为代表的中国传统体育文化在铸牢古代东亚世界中华认同过程中发挥了重要作用,是中国传统体育文化在儒家文化圈形成中的典范.
党的十九届五中全会明确提出到2035年基本建成体育强国.结合当前我国体育改革发展实际,从学理上辨析了当前全面建设体育强国的艰巨性和复杂性,提出了体育强国建设的核心逻辑是不断推动体育由边缘走向中心,跻身国家经济社会主战场,指出了全面建设体育强国必须把握5个方面的战略要点,即加固竞技体育的战略支点、夯实群众体育的战略基础、拓展体育产业的战略空间、守住青少年体育的战略阵地、筑牢体育文化的战略高地;必须着力解决群众身边的健身场地、组织、赛事活动供给不足、"三大球"振兴和足球改革成效不彰、青少年体质持续下滑、竞技体育优秀后备人才青黄不接、全国性单项运动协会实体化改革举棋不定、国民体育消费能力提升和体育消费新场景打造不足、体育"数智化"变革滞后和中国式体育现代化发展道路和制度构建8个关键问题,并对问题的成因和解决之道作出了初步回答.
体育教师轮岗是探索解决学校体育教育均衡发展的重要举措,构建良好的轮岗生态环境,利于在促进体育教育均衡发展的同时,保障体育教育高质量发展.采用分层随机抽样的方法,对北京市全部16个市辖区共计2 682名体育教师进行调查,运用因子分析构建并验证了体育教师轮岗价值、困境和突破路径模型,3个模型解释变异量分别为93.345%、84.944%、92.685%,模型中各项指标均拟合良好.总体而言,体育教师轮岗利大于弊,现行制度下轮岗可行性和必要性不足,体育教师轮岗意愿整体较低,按照体育教师轮岗突破路径模型构建轮岗生态系统后,体育教师轮岗意愿将有极其显著的提高.体育教师轮岗价值体现明确、现实困境具体、突破路径清晰,要保证体育教师轮岗价值得以充分发挥,必须解决现实困境,探索多元突破路径,构建政府主导、学校主体、家庭协助、社会协同的"四位一体"体育教师轮岗生态系统,保障学校体育教育均衡且高质量发展.
为使人们更深入地理解太极拳的文化内涵,以太极拳的核心技艺为立足点,采用长期的实修体悟与深层次的文献阅读相结合的研究方法,重点研究了其蕴含的中华文化基因"《道德经》中的哲学智慧",得出以下结论:1)太极拳核心层面的技艺是围绕"引进落空合即出"这个技术核心而展开的,老子《道德经》中的哲学智慧从大方向上指导了太极拳的技术走向;2)太极拳技击的突出特色"以柔克刚"是《道德经》中"柔弱胜刚强"思想的具体化,其"反其道而行之"的技击原则及诸多很有特色的训练方法是《道德经》中"反者道之动"思维方式的具体化,其以深刻把握"技击之道"为前提而取胜的哲学思想根源即《道德经》中的"无为而无不为",作为其终极追求的空灵境界的哲学根源即《道德经》中的"复归于无极";3)只有深入研习太极拳技艺核心层所反映的"技击之道",才能充分彰显太极拳更深层的中华文化基因,如果仅仅关注太极拳的套路演练及养生,以上深层次文化内涵将无从谈起.该研究的主要价值在于使人们从太极拳具体的技击技术及训练方法层面领悟其蕴含的中华文化基因,从而助力于以太极拳为载体传承中华优秀传统文化.
构建符合中国国情和足球发展规律的话语体系是振兴中国足球和建设体育强国的重要内容与手段.采用文献资料法、比较分析法、逻辑推理等质性研究方法,在中外文化融通的视域下,对中国足球话语体系的构建进行了系统研究.研究认为,中国足球职业化改革以来,虚假繁荣的足球市场不仅阻碍了足球运动的发展步伐,更导致了足球文化软实力的衰退,扎根中国实际,融通古今中外文化,才能创造出无愧于时代和人民的中国足球文化;构建中国足球话语体系的核心是要明晰话语体系中的文化基因,揭示话语体系背后的文化制约因素;从挖掘中国足球传统文化、重塑中国足球文化形象、净化足球文化生态、提升中国足球文化软实力、推进足球实践话语体系和理论话语体系等方面构建中国足球话语体系,是塑造与国家治理现代化相适应的足球本土话语体系,实现足球理论话语和实践话语的互动融通的必然途径.
运用文献资料、逻辑论证等研究方法,立足两个大局,从培养"堪当民族复兴重任、积极应战变局挑战"的卓越创新人才的现实诉求出发,对新时代我国高校公体课教师专业发展的动力及路径进行理论探析.研究认为,公体课教师专业发展的内部动力在于增强身份认同、提升职业情怀、生发自主意识及践行专业自主发展,外部动力在于培养"堪当民族复兴重任、积极应战变局挑战"时代新人的正向拉动、大学生体质健康状况堪忧的反向倒逼和国家有关方针政策及"双核一化"的混合联动.但囿于地位边缘化、职业认同感低、科研素质薄弱、政策环境影响、职业上升通道不畅等因素的制约,当前公体课教师专业发展存在意识淡漠、反思不足、能力不强、主体性迷失、功利性取向等问题.由此提出新时代高校公体课教师专业发展路径:1)立足"职业自我认同"和"主体意识觉醒"2个基点,强化自主反思,激活内在动能,走向自主生长式专业发展;2)抓好"师德教育""互联网+"和"校本培训"3个着力点,强化职后培训,促进专业持续发展;3)重视"考核评价""科研培训"和"奖惩激励"3个环节,强化政策引领,完善制度保障,营造良好外部发展环境.
民间武术传说常常因夸张夸大武功事实、充满玄幻迷雾等在当下饱受一些人的质疑甚至否定.为了能让民众更加客观地认识和对待我们的传统武术文化,采用文献资料法,辩证分析法,文化学研究等方法对武术传说的特征、社会学成因以及叙事功利进行了分析.研究认为:武术传说作为武术历史记忆的符号,它们的产生和流传过程同样包含着丰富的历史情境与信息,其中的内容有些虽构不成历史真实,但它却是历史记忆的另一种呈现和表达方式.且武术传说中包含了大量的伦理价值观念内容,并历来得到了习武民众的普遍传讲,因此武术传说在新时代的道德教化实践中依然具有不容忽视的积极意义.最后认为:对待武术传说既要尊重历史真实,也要能接纳其文化演绎的部分,武术传说不失为武术文化中最流光溢彩的核心内容.
100多年前,现代冰球运动被引入中国.研究冰球运动发展的历史,对于体育史研究具有重要意义.运用文献资料法与历史分析法等研究方法,爬梳了全面抗战爆发前京津地区冰球运动的发展历程,并对其发展原因及得失进行考察与探究.研究认为:1)全面抗战爆发前京津地区的冰球运动,是在西方现代冰球运动传入的大背景下,由学校体育教育中孕育而生,后逐渐走出校门,成为了京津冬季热门体育运动.2)全面抗战爆发前京津地区冰球运动得以发展的原因:符合民国政府的统治政策;学校体育教育的推动;社会和舆论的推崇与关注.3)全面抗战爆发前京津地区冰球运动,在运动员、教练员、裁判员群体的培养以及比赛的开展、与国际接轨的规则的学习上取得了一定的成绩.其局限性也很明显,主要包括:冰球队员缺少长期稳定的训练与培养规划;冰球队组建受到各种外部条件的影响,队伍稳定性差;民国政府缺乏对冰球运动的经济投入.
北京冬奥会结束后,我国仍将迎来一系列国际赛事,有必要深入了解西方媒体体育报道特点,为我国开展体育国际传播提供支持.研究以《纽约时报》北京冬奥会报道为例,依托媒介话语理论,运用批判话语分析和内容分析,探讨我国国际体育赛事的西方媒介话语建构及应对策略.研究发现:有关报道集中在赛前和赛中阶段,侧重"体育""政治"和"疫情"三大话题;主要运用了"体育竞技""防疫措施""中国议题""兴奋剂问题""国际体育""国际关系""环境可持续""赛事周边"8个框架;在赛前聚焦中国议题以炒作政治性框架,赛中回归体育本身但突出争议性框架,赛后转向国际视角并运用冲突性框架;报道话语形成的社会文化因素包括中西意识形态和国家利益争夺、西方媒体东方主义话语传统,以及其借助体育新闻价值标准维系国际话语权的需要等.应对策略:追踪涉华赛事舆情,提升体育对外话语效果;突破西方叙事限制,建设中国体育话语体系;审视全球传播生态,参与国际体育话语竞争;树立战略传播意识,整合我国体育话语资源.
通过政策确保青少年体育教育的优质发展是世界关注的主题.为促进海上丝绸之路沿线国家的体育交流互鉴,以海上丝绸之路16个国家为研究对象,运用定性比较分析法(QCA)分析沿线国家促进青少年优质体育教育发展的政策组态路径.研究发现:1)促进海上丝绸之路国家优质体育教育发展的青少年体育政策组态路径分别是:效用最大化路径和启发式路径,两者都以权威工具与系统变革工具为核心出现条件,区别在于前者以激励工具为边缘条件,后者以能力建设工具为边缘条件;2)阻碍优质体育教育发展的青少年体育政策组态路径存在明显的共性,他们都以象征与劝解工具为核心出现条件,以激励工具为核心缺失条件;3)中国青少年体育政策组态路径有2个方面的特征:(1)激励工具与能力建设工具是中国促进优质体育教育的充分条件;(2)中国地区青少年体育政策工具组态形式正逐渐出现将权威工具作为"隐性的衔接机制"的政策治理特征.
Since modern times, the development of school sports in China has been influenced to a large extent by many famous domestic sports educators. They are the torchbearers and pioneers of the new era, new ideas, and new culture. They are the earliest figures in systematically accepting and introducing western sports in China and have played an important role in the development of modern times Chinese school sports. Literature review and logical analysis applied, a holistic approach to 29 Chinese modern times sports educators’ views of school physical education is carried out, whose result turns out to be that the basic features of the school physical education views of Chinese modern times sports educators are to advocate education first and highlight the fundamental attributes of sports, emphasize the multi-dimensional value and highlight the pursuit of physical education in sports, improve teaching ideas and optimize physical education process, promote physical fitness and health combination and improve the effect of sports conservation, and focus on resource development and ensure the steady development of sports. The thinking standpoint of Chinese modern times sports educators’ School Physical Education Views is to reflect the way of thinking of examining sports from the perspective of education, present the logical thinking of extracting problems from phenomena, and to unfold the value pursuit that echoes the needs of the times. On this basis, a follow-up research strategy is proposed.
Chinese path to sports modernization is an important part of Chinese path to modernization, and the construction of it is a solid foundation for building a great modern socialist country in all respects. It has characteristics that are common to sports modernization of all countries, but it is more characterized by features that are unique to the Chinese context and is a vivid manifestation of building a sports power. To study the essence of Chinese path to sports modernization, understand what it means; to explore the strategic path of Chinese path to sports modernization, know what to do; to identify the value implications of Chinese path to sports modernization, understand what to inherit. It is necessary to make new progress and breakthroughs in the study of the essence, strategic path, and value implications of Chinese path to sports modernization, including strengthening the overall leadership of the CPC, enriching strategic support of sports, expanding the practical path of building a sports power, solving problems hindering China’s sports development, and stimulating the motivation and vitality of public fitness program, all of which can make the Chinese characteristics of sports modernization more distinct, advantages more prominent, and prospects brighter.
It is helpful to clarify the theory of school physical education evaluation and explore the practical strategies of school physical education evaluation for speeding up the construction of the evaluation system of school physical education in the new era and the new journey. The paper systematically studies the theoretical logic and practical strategies of school physical education evaluation in the new journey by using literature review, dialectical analysis, logical reasoning and other research methods. The paper points out that the paradigm of value rationality and instrumental rationality clearly proposes that the evaluation of school physical education should adhere to the organic unity of proper value orientation and accurate evaluation results, and the triple logic system of theoretical logic, policy logic and practical logic frames the theoretical compliance, policy orientation and practical effect of school physical education evaluation. The paper concludes that there are many problems in the goal, process, mode and condition of school physical education evaluation in China at present, which have seriously hindered the effective use of the overall function of evaluation in the new journey. Finally, the paper puts forward the practical strategies of school physical education evaluation in the new journey: achieving the value goal of the new journey evaluation under the guidance of Marxism, improving the standards of modern evaluation system under the guidance of the new journey education policy, and forming the new Chinese-style education evaluation model guided by the practice and innovation.
The relationship between Nationwide Fitness Program and Olympic Glory Program is a strategic issue that runs through the overall development of Chinese path to sports modernization. It is an important political agenda for the Chinese Communist Party’s governance of the country. The aim is to longitudinally explore the entire process of establishing and adjusting sports guidelines since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. By sorting out the historical evolution of the relationship between national fitness and Olympic glory, it is believed that the relationship between national fitness and Olympic glory has undergone six periods: construction period, chaos period, imbalance period, transformation period, fluctuation period, and innovation period.This reflects the increasingly balanced development of the relationship between national fitness and Olympic glory. The logic behind the balanced development of the relationship between the two is based on factors such as background, pressure, behavior, beliefs, and power; in current critical period of China’s sports system transformation, while following gradual changes to maintain institutional stability, we should seize the opportunity to accelerate institutional reform, establish a stable and balanced development model with equal strategic positioning, overlapping value orientations, and embedded internal structures so that national fitness and Olympic glory can move towards a vector direction of balanced development. This is the only way for China’s sports modernization development.
Using the methods of literature review and logical reasoning, this paper analyzes the new topic of quality governance of school physical education from the great significance, values, concepts and paths endowed by Chinese path to modernization. The research holds that: 1) At this stage, the quality governance of school physical education in China should always focus on the concept of “students’ free and all-round development and ‘health first’”, with “cultivating virtues and morality” as the fundamental task and “improving the health quality of the Chinese nation” as the core of the governance goal, so as to lay a solid foundation for students to master sports skills, improve their physical fitness and personality, and enjoy lifelong sports. 2) In the context of Chinese path to modernization, the governance of school physical education in China should be transformed from the concept of “collaboration, participation and common interests” to that of building a community of social governance in which everyone fulfills their responsibilities and shares in the benefits with quality, diversity, and equality. Thus, government organizations, schools, families, communities, teachers and students will share the achievements of quality governance of school physical education in China. 3) New paths are proposed as follows. For talent management, build a talent pool for school physical education in a systematic and patterned way. For institution governance, establish quality governance standards of school physical education with feasibility and quantification. For concept governance, lay a foundation for the quality governance concept of school physical education with diversification and ideological transformation. For structure governance, standardize the quality governance organization of school physical education with refinement and procedure. For technology governance, enrich the quality governance tools of school physical education with informatization and digitization. Finally, based on the concept of “micro governance” and following the “integrated design and corresponding principles” of school physical education governance, the paper aims to achieve a two-way efficient circulation mechanism of sports and quality education resources, and effectively form a strong synergy of short-term, medium-term and long-term goals of Chinese school physical education governance.
The implementation of the “double reduction” policy has put the reform of school physical education in the new era at the forefront of the times. School physical education not only becomes the focus of public attention, but also undertakes the great historical mission of educating talents for China. The study, in the context of “double-reduction” policy, aims to discuss the real challenges and practical path of physical education with a case analysis by using literature review, field study, case study, etc. The study finds that the students’ physical fitness keeps declining, the quality of after-school sports services needs to be improved, the extracurricular sports activities need to be strengthened, and the “home-school-society” co-education mechanism is not satisfactory.According to the challenges, based on a case study of Tsinghua Primary School, the paper proposes the practical path of “one focus（one subject）”, “two wings（two combinations）” and “three interactions”, i.e., to give full play to the triple role and joint efforts of School Physical Education（dominant position）, Family Physical Education（basic position）, and Community Physical Education（auxiliary position） to promote students’ health.
Purpose:The forehand loop technique of table tennis is a necessary technique for elite table tennis players of modern times. The study aims to discover the force mechanism and motion law of the forehand pull loop movement in table tennis by using the wireless surface EMG signal test system to collect and process the surface EMG signals of related muscles in forehand pull-up loop and down loop.Methods:Using the wireless surface EMG signal test system（Delsys trigno mobile, USA, 2 000 Hz）, the study collects the surface EMG data of forehand pull of 10 male table tennis national first-class athletes from Beijing Sport University.Results:（1） The EMG value of forehand topspin is greater than that of forehand backspin.（2） In the two different movements, the integral EMG values of biceps brachii, long head of triceps brachii and brachioradialis muscle are the largest.（3） The integral EMG values of left rectus femoris, right rectus abdominis, right erector spinalis, pectoralis major and biceps brachii are statistically significant.（4） The root mean square amplitude values of bilateral erector spinae muscle, left rectus femoris muscle and brachioradialis muscle show statistically significant difference.Conclusion:In the two forehand ball pulling movements, the biceps brachii, the long head of triceps brachii and brachioradialis play a major role; the participation of rectus abdominis on both sides is low. The movement difficulty and energy consumption of forehand backspin are greater than that of forehand topspin. In the forehand ball pulling action, most of the muscles located in the lower limbs and trunk have a higher degree of activation, while the integral EMG value is small, suggesting that they play a greater role in maintaining posture in the action, and the forehand topspin is more obvious than the forehand backspin. The discharge and activation of muscles located in the shoulder and some core areas change greatly, suggesting that this may be related to the mechanism of table tennis shoulder injury and lumbar injury.
