Sports & Science

ChatGPT has sparked heated discussion with its powerful indialogue and text generating, and it has even been applied to write academic papers by academic researchers. Such circumstance might have academic researchers feel crisis of been replaced by machine one day. We conducted a qualitative research on the dialogue of the online workshop hold by the journal of Sport and Science, for figuring out what we, as academic researchers, would be and could do in the ChatGPT era. We thought that:（1） ChatGPT would replace those mediocre academic researchers and affect the action of the rest of them as a material actant, and if the replacement of machine for human labor continues, the value of work for creating life’s meaning and the relation between human would be alienated further;（2） Intention of acting would be the constant existence in the changing order of digital times, while sports could protect human from being alienated since its body-based connects nature and society;（3） Such merit of sport and the power of machine push sport science researchers altogether to focus the sporting body further and turn to cognitive paradigm, and under which, bring the imagination of the discipline, sports science, to bodily sporting experiences might be the advantage that the discipline could take.

城市社区体育治理是新时代我国体育治理体系和体育治理能力现代化的重要内容,也是满足城市社区居民日益增长的美好体育需求的"最后一公里".将韧性治理引入我国城市社区体育治理的特定场域,对消解传统城市社区体育治理机制的粗糙性、脆弱性及碎片化特征具有重要作用.运用文献资料、逻辑分析及系统分析等研究方法,阐述了韧性治理理论指导城市社区体育治理的适用性,界定了"城市社区韧性治理"的内涵,认为我国城市社区韧性治理面临的现实困境主要表现为:治理主体缺乏连接性、服务供给粗糙、治理风险趋于复杂化及治理保障缺乏抗逆性等.研究探讨了城市社区体育韧性治理机制,设计了推进多元主体协同治理、实现社区体育服务靶向供给、建立健全监督评价体系、高效整合各方保障资源的城市社区体育韧性治理路径,以期提升我国城市社区体育治理的灵活性及抗风险能力.

武术网红身体形象是重构中国武术形象的重要符号,其建构过程受到工具取向与价值取向的双重影响.基于此,本文将武术网红身体形象建构过程划分为互利共生、利益驱动、价值引领和娱乐转变等四种类型,采用虚拟民族志的研究方法在抖音平台选取了 8位粉丝量在50万以上的武术网红作为访谈对象,运用半结构访谈法,考察不同类型武术网红身体形象建构过程.研究发现,内在观念是武术网红建构积极身体形象的主要依据,其价值倾向和心理过程是与外部期待进行博弈的利器,但过于重视谋求个人利益的价值倾向与心理动机在很大程度上动摇了武术网红积极身体形象的建构,削弱了在网络环境中传播中国武术的影响效应,为武术网红身体形象的建构带来了消极的影响.

本文采用动态空间杜宾模型的方法,利用12年(2006-2017年)的省际面板数据,将政府行为纳入新的经济空间、地理空间模型,从而深入探讨了我国省级地方政府行为对公共体育资源非均衡性影响.结果发现:(1)省级地方政府的政策行为表达了"公共人角色",在经济空间与地理空间中均有助于缓解公共体育资源的非均衡性发展;(2)省级地方政府的财政行为在时间阶段性上呈现了不同的角色选择倾向,在第一时间阶段(2006-2011年)主要倾向于"经济人角色",并未表现出对公共体育资源非均衡性影响的显著效应,而在第二时间阶段(2012-2017年)才逐渐体现出了"公共人角色"的重要作用,从而缓解了其非均衡性发展;(3)省级地方政府对公共体育资源的非均衡性影响存在空间异质性,中部、西部等区域的地方政府在仅考虑地理空间相邻来提高自身的公共体育资源发展水平时,东部区域的地方政府则既考虑了地理空间相邻,也考虑了经济空间相邻来发展自身.研究认为:我国省级地方政府的政策行为存在"以邻为鉴"现象,能够从整体上有效地缓解公共体育资源的非均衡性发展,而财政行为则在时空框架下呈现出异质性特点,由此,国家应从公共体育资源配置的标准体系、地方政府的公共体育财政投入结构以及监督机制上制定相应的强化政策来进一步缓解公共体育资源的非均衡性发展.

With the development of modern society, human beings pay more attention to and pursue a complete life course, among which “Die peacefully” is not only the individual but also the expectation of the society, thus hospice care is also more and more social concern and cause thinking.Based on the internal correlation and interaction of “life” between sports, life education and hospice care in the process of civilization, it is of theoretical and practical significance to discuss “hospice care” and provide pre-conceptual support through sports and life education, so as to make the self or others go beyond the dying pain at the time of death.Through analysis, this paper holds that sports in the process of civilization has realized the transformation from primitive to modernity in the diachronic change and synchronic creation, and at the same time, with the development of individuation in modernization, it has been further enriched in the types, values and functions.In the process of human civilization, physical education and life education establish ontological correlation as a medium. The education coupled by the two is not only conducive to the improvement of individual and social life cognition, but also conducive to the improvement of life quality.At the same time, in view of the integrity of human beings, hospice care should not only occur at the end of life, but should cultivate relevant concepts in the life course. By coupling the relevant concepts with sports and life education, it not only has the significance of promoting the reconstruction of sports culture with both primitive and modernity, but also promotes the quality of life and the maintenance of life dignity for individuals and society. To transcend the meaning of dying pain at the moment of death.

ABS plastic（Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene）material is used for table tennis in the Tokyo Olympics cycle, and foreign table tennis players have caused a great impact on Chinese table tennis players. In this context, the technical and tactical characteristics of the world’s elite table tennis players in the ABS plastic ball era were combined with the technical and tactical characteristics of the cellulose acetate era to further explore the characteristics of the technical and tactical changes. The four phase index assessment method, multiple regressions and path analysis models were used to analyze the technical and tactical performance of both players in key rounds of the three major international table tennis tournaments, the Olympic Games, the World Championship and the World Cup for men（78 matches, 4068 rounds） and women（66 matches, 3032 rounds）. The standardized coefficients of multiple regressions for men’s four phase technical and tactical performance were 0.434, 0.444, 0.359 and 0.318, respectively, 0.401, 0.403, 0.281 and 0.262 for women’s; the direct effects（0.401, 0.403） of the attack after receive and attack after serve phase in the women’s throughput score were smaller than the total indirect effects（0.477, 0.482）. Conclusion: The ranking of the degree of influence of the technical and tactical ability of each phase on the match results for both male and female elite athletes in the ABS plastic ball era was: attack after receive phase＞ attack after serve phase ＞rally I phase ＞ rally Ⅱ phase; compared with the cellulose acetate era, the ABS era receiving and serving backhand twisting and pulling technique indirectly increased the importance of the serving phase, while the importance of the rally Ⅱ phase increased; The “independence” of men’s fourth section technique and tactics is relatively strong, and the performance of technique and tactics is more comprehensive. The cumulative transfer effect of the female to the stalemate was higher than that of the male, and the consciousness of the attack was enhanced.

The professionalization reform on football has gone through over the last 30 years, the professional football clubs’ performance are deteriorated, and incidents such as club name changes, owner changes, wage arrears, and disaffiliation from the leagues have emerged one after another. This paper applies the value chain theory research paradigm to analyze the value chain’s structure on the internal management of the professional football clubs in China, throughout dissect the value creation activities in each link to find out the problems existing on the value chain of the clubs. The study concludes that the series of value creation activities in the quality of product and service, the resources development and the marketing links of the professional football clubs in China appear structural contradictions which leads the clubs into the dilemma of sluggish consumption enthusiasm in the fan market, imbalance in income and expenditure and operating losses. Therefore, theoretical considerations to rebuild the value chain of professional football clubs are proposed as before: deeply develop the clubs’ resources to enhance its value growth space; to upgrade the club’s marketing mode to stimulate consumer market; strengthen the club’s cost control to promote sustainable operation; to widen the investment and financing channels and optimize the profit model; to strengthen the personnel development and implement the specialized management system; to reform the management system and regulate the operation behavior of clubs.

Using the case analysis method, this paper studies the basic patterns and controversial issues of the application of self-willing risk rules to sports injury cases after the “Civil Code” comes into effect, and proposes an optimization path on this basis. The research shows that, on the one hand, the voluntary risk rule has been complied with in judicial practice, and judicial precedent adopts the concept of “big sports” for the “cultural and sports activities” in the voluntary risk rule, which covers all sports activities, including school sports injury cases. On the other hand, there are misunderstandings in the self-willing risk rule in terms of the subjective fault of the infringer, the scope of application, the responsibility of the organizer, the reasons for mitigation, and the application of the fair liability clause. To this end, the application path of the voluntary risk rule should be optimized: in application, the legal dogmatics position should be adhered to to ensure the normative effect of legal judgment, and the same case of the sports voluntary risk rule should be realized through the case guidance system and the similar case retrieval system. In the same judgment, we construct an argumentation model of the applicable rules and the risk rules to carry out theoretical proofs.

Green game is the core of the sustainability of American collegiate athletics and the presentation of the concept of sustainability of environmental protection. This research expounds the experience of the sustainability of American collegiate athletics green game from three dimensions of strategy, practice and efficacy, and aims to provide reference for the sustainable development of university sports event environment in China. The research indicates: the implementation of the sustainable strategy of American collegiate athletics is based on the framework theory of the American University President’s Climate Action Commitment（ACUPCC）, with the cooperation of the National University Sports Association（NCAA） and the Natural Resources Conservation Association（NRDC） to achieve green game goals. In practice, the green initiatives and green certification of sports venues is the pursue of American collegiate green games. Meanwhile, the efficacy of sustainability of American collegiate athletics reflect in two aspects, namely, strengthening the awareness of environmental protection and realizing environmental protection education; establishing a green brand and improving schools’ conditions. Recommendations: construct the green campus action framework and achieve the sustainable development strategy of university sports environment; foreign green certification system should be introduced, and more attention should be paid to the sustainable development of sports venues.

Based on the technical route of “onlookers-polarization” and Giddens’ social action theory, the network activism analysis framework is constructed, and the participatory observation of the fitness mobilization process of Liu Genghong’s “shuttlecock exercise” is carried out, supplemented by semi-structured in-depth interviews, aiming to put the social phenomenon of “tens of millions of people online linkage jump exercise” in the social structure to understand and narrate. It was observed that Liu Genghong’s fitness mobilization existed due to action and attachment in the network of actors co-built by humans and non-humans; The modernity system is shaping the identity of Liu Genghong’s network top fitness anchor at the same time as shaping the system itself. The analysis shows that the identity of “Liu Genghong Boys and Girls” in practice consciousness leads to the rapid circulation of “shuttlecock exercise” short videos; Emotional solidarity is built under the construction of the trust field to achieve the collective jubilation of “boys and girls”; The online national fitness promoted by relational mobilization points to the deeper part of the family concept. The polarized approach of the “public” after several uninterrupted “onlookers” of Liu Genghong’s fitness mobilization is manifested as “consciousness-action” “emotion-action” and “concept-action”, and the “public” here is not only a clue throughout the research, but also a broadened research scope compared to the concept of “group polarization”, which makes it possible to build an online fitness mobilization framework characterized by ethical relations in Chinese society.

目的:研究体育锻炼对高心理应激大学生情绪注意偏向的影响,并了解其中的认知过程特征及其脑神经活动特点,为体育锻炼促进情绪健康提供依据.方法:通过网络招募某大学非体育专业本科生47例(男23例,女24例;平均年龄为19.12士 1.02岁),将其随机分为实验组与对照组,其中实验组进行为期12周,每周3次,每次持续40分钟的体育锻炼干预,对照组不进行干预.干预前后采用情绪Stroop范式测量情绪注意偏向,记录行为数据和ERP数据并分析.结果:(1)消极情绪条件上的反应时显著小于中性和积极情绪条件(P＜0.05);(2)实验组经过干预后在负性情绪条件上的反应时显著小于干预前(P＜0.05);(3)体育锻炼干预后实验组情绪脱离的反应时显著小于对照组(P＜0.05);(4)积极情绪条件下的N2平均波幅和潜伏期均大于消极与中性条件(P＜0.05);(5)体育锻炼干预后,实验组在消极情绪条件下前测的P3平均波幅显著小于后测(P＜0.05).结论:高心理应激大学生会表现出更多的负性情绪注意偏向,对负性情绪注意的警觉与脱离能力较差;体育锻炼能够有效地增强高心理应激大学生的情绪注意功能;通过体育锻炼,高心理应激大学生能动用足够、有效的认知资源对情绪性信息进行注意加工.

土地是乡土世界的核心要素之一,基于土地产权制度变迁视角研究农村体育产业化是根植于中国乡土世界的研究新进路之一.研究将改革开放到新发展阶段的农村体育产业化孕育历程划分为土地"两权分离"下的农村体育市场化萌芽阶段与农村土地产权"三权分置"下的农村体育产业化发展阶段.根据体育产业的孕育条件,沿着土地产权制度变迁脉络,围绕土地产权制度变迁和农村体育产业化产生过程两条线,以"时间—事件"的叙事形式系统梳理改革开放以来土地产权制度影响下农村体育产业化的演化历程,归纳农村体育产业化的演进表征,总结其孕育机理.研究表明改革开放以来土地产权改革变迁下农村体育产业化演进表征分别为:农民角色从体育公共服务的接受者转向体育产业创业的主动参与者;农村体育治理呈现出非线性、不均衡发展表征;从无到有地孕育出乡村特色的"体育+"融合产业新业态.最后总结了农村体育产业化的孕育机理:农民主体角色转换激活了农村体育产业化的内生性动力;农村体育组织适应性转型为农村体育产业化奠定了组织基础;土地产权制度改革为农村体育产业化创造了历史机遇.

伴随社会发展,人类在追求寿命长度的同时关注到寿命质量的重要性,并由此出现了对健康寿命的倡导.在对健康寿命促进的思考中,"运动是良医"被发起且得到推广.本文通过对已有研究中运动与健康寿命关系认知进展情况的探讨,在时代化实践反思中对"运动是不是良医"进行了思考,认为:基于"虚静"并非"一动不动",而是强调顺应自然的运动,因此对运动是不是良医的探讨,便落脚于运动本身是不是良医,而非静养与运动何者是良医的探讨.在已有研究中虽然对运动与健康寿命关系呈现了积极与消极的辩证之思,但消极评价者更多围绕不当运动对健康寿命的影响展开,因此可知适量、适合的运动是良医,并在促进健康寿命中发挥了积极作用,且相关作用不但体现在治已病而且体现在治未病中.随着运动多维功能与价值被进一步挖掘,以及运动与医疗、卫生、教育、技术等的多元融合,不但运动对健康寿命的积极作用得到促进,而且运动与健康寿命也呈现出并进发展之势.

The construction of sports city is a urban development strategy in China, which is put forward and practiced on the basis of urban characteristics and policy opportunities.When the demands of creating an urban living environment to meet the needs of the people, seeking a breakthrough in the urban functional pattern of Chengdu, promoting the layout of the sports industry to promote the economic transformation and upgrading, and displaying the brand symbols of the rising cities in the west. In the process of urban practice, the typed positioning of the world famous city for sports events has exposed the existing problems such as homogeneous competition, imbalance of profit and loss, single main bodyand identity loss.Accurately position the future characteristic trend of Chengdu urban sports development, seek the increase of competition income scale on the basis of stable marginal benefit, stimulate the enthusiasm of market and society to participate in sports from pluralistic co-governance, in the generation of cultural objects, we focus on the generation of construction local sports event system and other four dimensions, and put forward measures to alleviate the difficulties of Chengdu’s construction of the world famous sports city, in order to provide intellectual support for the sustainable and comprehensive deepening of Chengdu’s urban sports development.

本研究将目光聚焦于女性健身过程中的身体感,抓住经典民族志在观察和访谈中忽略掉的有关运动"感官"的深层知识,从而探究女性健身的身体感与自我、社会性别文化的关系.对广州市两家健身房进行一年的田野调查并对20名女性健身者进行深度访谈,归纳出女性健身者"痛"的酸爽、"轻"的愉快、"难"的努力、"汗"的舒畅、"热"的流动和"被看"的不适六种主要的身体感.女性健身者在健身时体验到"痛""轻""难""汗""热""被看"等多种身体感觉,不仅展现了女性运动身体感官经验的多重性和复杂性,还动态地表征了其中蕴涵的性别文化、健身文化、养生文化的交互影响.因此,女性在健身运动中的"身体感"已经不再是一种生理现象,而是一种社会文化现象;通过女性的健身感官经验,勾连起了社会文化、运动文化和性别文化对现代身体的界定.

The female body is central to the discourse of gender equality. Expression of female athlete’s body image in western media is a process of constructing a discourse system in which gender, body and power are in stalemate. The media body image of female athletes undergo a transformation process from passive reporting to active presentation from traditional sports media to social new media. The text analysis method is used to sort out and analyze the research results of female athletes’ body image in western media, and the logical model of female athletes’ body image is constructed. It shows that female athletes actively present body images and gain body visibility in a context of cultural and spatial relations where self-negotiation can take place; female athletes’ self-narratives are multiple and contradictory, including intersectional femininity, polygendered presentation, commodified bodies and diverse gender models; post-feminism, neoliberal feminism, consumerist culture and settings of social media are the mechanisms that affect the self-representation of female athletes. Traditional patriarchy is the root factor affecting the media of body expression in female athletes’ The media image of Chinese and western female athletes is different in the expression mode and influence factors, which provides western experience and thinking for the practice and research of the media image construction of Chinese female athletes.

本文以身体社会学为基础,采用质性研究,通过对13名城市全职主妇数字健身实践的深度访谈,深入挖掘了参与健身的主妇群体在媒介技术逻辑下进行身体雕刻的运动体验、健身历程及其背后所折射出的角色倦怠、社会隔离和身份认同等问题,试图从智慧化健身的视角为其所面临的困境提供一种可能的消解路径.研究发现,城市全职主妇在主动参与雕刻身体的日常健身实践中,不仅通过健身媒介建构的数字情境和社会环境实现了身体由"压抑""觉醒"到"升华"的转变,而且借助数字技术编织而成的运动趣缘网络获得了个人成长,并在拓展社会交往空间、消解社会隔离、缓解角色倦怠的过程中推动了自我认同的发展和社会资本的累积.因此,在当前制度环境与文化环境不够友好,社会支持体系尚未建成的现实状况下,以"互联网+体育"的方式去推动主妇在身体、心理和精神上的解放或许能够为消解女性身体桎梏、开辟社会场域提供一种新的可能性.

高质量的教师应拥有专业的知识和教学技能,才能为开展有效教学奠定基础.体育教师到底应该掌握什么样的知识,目前对这一问题的认识不够清晰,从而进一步影响了我国体育教师培养的质量.而美国在体育教师知识研究的理论和实践方面处于领先地位,有许多经验值得借鉴.基于此,本文沿着"历史逻辑、研究范式、构成体系、测评工具、培养转向"的进程,聚焦体育教师应该掌握的知识体系,与美国国家体育科学院院士、俄亥俄州立大学Phillip Ward教授展开对话,具体包括关注体育教师知识研究的历史逻辑、体育教师知识的研究范式、体育教师知识的体系构成、体育教师知识的测量工具、基于知识的体育教师培养转向等五个议题.这有助于中国学者更好地了解世界体育教师教育发展趋势,为改革术科课程或教学法课程并培养高质量的体育教师提供启发和借鉴.

体育产业与数字经济产业的融合发展是新时代体育产业高质量发展的重要议题,本文利用2012、2018和2020年中国投入产出数据,从融合贡献度和融合互动度两个视角实证考察了体育产业与数字经济产业的融合发展水平及其演进.研究结果表明:体育产业与数字经济产业的直接融合度和综合融合度不高但呈现上升态势,其中体育用品销售业与数字经济产业融合度最高;数字要素驱动业是当前体育产业数字化转型升级的重要力量,数字技术应用业在体育制造业中的渗透作用有限,体育传媒与信息服务业引领了体育产业与数字经济产业的融合.据此,从宏观体制、中观产业、微观企业层面为深入理解数字经济时代的体育产业融合发展提出建议.

实用主义哲学的兴起与发展,进一步促进了学界对行动的思考.杜威所提出的实用主义教育思想,不但进一步推进了实用主义的发展,而且就兴趣与行动的探讨为现代教育发展提供了一种新思考.本文基于对实用主义教育思想的反思,对我国体育参与兴趣与行动意义进行了探讨,认为:体育参与兴趣可分为体育参与直接兴趣与间接兴趣,个体在主要以体育直接兴趣为开端的体育参与行动中,更多围绕个体需求开展,并在发挥个体主体性中打破系列边界、强化获得感和自我认同;而在主要以体育间接兴趣为开端的体育参与行动中,可能因受到外部社会中多主体引导,而表现出更强的社会性、获得更高的社会认同.同时,在以兴趣为开端的体育参与行动中蕴含着丰富的意义,不但促进了"社会性个体"塑造,而且在内在与外在一致中促进了个体与社会的共同发展.