Positioned within the geopolitically sensitive border regions linking Southeast and East Asia, the Vietnam–China frontier has historically served as a key conduit for narcotics from the Golden Triangle. This study explores the Border Liaison Office (BLO) mechanism along the Vietnam–China border, using the Laocai–Hekou corridor as a case study of cross-border governance in combating drug trafficking. Promoted by the UNODC since the early 2000s, the BLO framework aims to improve real-time intelligence sharing, enforcement coordination, and local cooperation. Due to limited access and sensitive border enforcement, the research relies on secondary sources to address three questions: how BLOs operate in practice, how sovereignty and border governance are managed, and what factors influence their implementation. Findings indicate that BLOs support rapid intelligence exchange, joint investigations, controlled deliveries, and coordinated patrols, leading to measurable enforcement success. However, their effectiveness depends on trust, administrative discretion, and disparities in legal authority and capacity. Variations are evident that Vietnam aligns with UNODC standards on transparency and regional integration, while China emphasizes sovereignty, viewing BLOs as semi-formal or pilot initiatives. The study concludes that BLOs provide a practical, locally grounded mechanism for cross-border policing, yet their success is limited by political asymmetries, contested sovereignty, and uneven institutional commitment, making them both operational tools and symbolic gestures of cooperation.

This study examines the dynamics of cross-border drug trafficking (CBDT) between Vietnam and China, a critical yet understudied nexus within Southeast Asia’s illicit narcotics trade. Drawing on comparative analysis, the paper explores the historical development of trafficking routes and CBDT networks in border communities. The research is framed by three theoretical perspectives: criminogenic asymmetries Passas (Eur J Criminol Law Reform 1, 1999), opportunity crime Shaw (Int J Soc Res Methodol Comp Criminol 3, 2003), and regulatory state responses Andreas (Border Games: Policing the U.S. -Mexico Divide 2000). Findings show that trafficking networks exploit legal mismatches, economic disparities, and governance gaps to remain resilient and adaptable. Ethnic minority communities and displaced populations are disproportionately impacted, both as facilitators and victims of trafficking. Although Vietnam and China have introduced strict enforcement measures and engaged in bilateral and regional cooperation, challenges remain in legal harmonisation, intelligence sharing, and community participation. The emergence of synthetic drugs and convergence with other illicit markets further complicates enforcement efforts. Our study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at enhancing border surveillance, aligning legal frameworks, and strengthening regional cooperation through ASEAN and UNODC platforms. This research contributes to the growing field of transnational criminology in Southeast Asia, offering practical insights for policymakers, law enforcement, and development practitioners seeking to address the complex issues of CBDT.

In order to avoid the loophole of criminal law punishment, promote the adaptability of the criminal law, fully protect the law benefit, the legislation and the judicature of our criminal law affirm disguised economic crime behavior. But there are ambiguity and uncertainty in the meaning and boundary of disguised acts.Improper identification of disguised economic crimes will cause questions about the application of the principle of legality of crime and punishment, and unclear and confusing boundary between criminal law and civil law. In order to ensure the appropriability of the penalty range of criminal law, attention should be paid to the rational use of criminal law interpretation methods in the identification of disguised economic crimes.Only when it is in line with the purpose of normative protection and has equal value to the actual behavior, candisguised criminal acts have a positive space. The disguised economic crime should also follow the principle of unity of law and order and not exceed the principle of legality.

The Summary of the National Court Work Conference on Drug Cases(The Minutes of Kunming Symposium)systematically summarizes,develops and improves the provisions of the previous one,implements the criminal policy of combining leniency and severity,reflects the practice-oriented and problem-oriented approach,emphasizes the key points of crackdown,and values the effect of crackdown.The identification of drug purchasing for others should deal with its relationship with drug trafficking,avoiding the improper expansion of drug trafficking crime,and preventing criminals from escaping punishment.It is necessary to pay attention to the boundaries between narcotic drugs,medicines and drugs,and ensure the accuracy of identification.The application of the death penalty for drug crimes should pay attention to the differences in the characteristics,nature and circumstances of the actors,and decide the application strictly and prudently.The Minutes denies the legality of intentional inducement,and pays attention to the meaning of"people without intention"in the investigation of hidden identity.Minors should not constitute recidivism of drug crimes.It is necessary to understand the meaning of strictly punishing drug crimes according to law scientifically and comprehensively,and ensure the proper application of The Minutes.

近年我国日益重视对洗钱犯罪的惩治.洗钱罪的成立并不限于上游犯罪结束,但应在上游犯罪所得及其收益产生后,上游犯罪实行行为组成部分的"提供资金帐户"等行为,系上游犯罪实行行为本身,不应再评价为洗钱罪.洗钱罪和掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪系特别法与一般法关系,洗钱罪中"洗白"的含义逐步被淡化,洗钱罪已演变为"掩饰、隐瞒毒品犯罪等七类犯罪所得及其收益罪".行为人取得特定上游犯罪所得及其收益后自己投资房产、汽车、股票或者转移至境外的,应认定自洗钱,符合刑法规定的,成立洗钱罪;自洗钱行为人将特定上游犯罪所得及其收益进行单纯的藏匿或者日常消费的,不宜认定为洗钱罪.我国未来应更加重视对重大洗钱案件的查处,确保本罪的精准有效适用.

Preventive criminalization is one of the most noteworthy legislative phenomena in China, exhibiting structural differences from the basic principles of criminalization and the traditional risk prevention function of criminal law, focusing mainly on the areas of counterterrorism and cybercrime. The advancement of the criminal law defense against new types of crime is necessary, but there is also an implied risk of expanding and blurring the boundaries of criminal law intervention. The trend towards preventive criminalization is inevitable in our country, guided by a positive view of criminal law. The addition of preventive criminal law provisions in future legislation should reasonably balance the relationship between social protection and civil rights, avoiding excessive intervention of criminal law on the grounds of prevention.

我国刑法立法的进步和完善最鲜明地体现于行政刑法领域。我国行政刑法整体上呈现出立法体例上的统一性、法律条款的移植性、法益保护的管理性、构成要件的短缩性以及部分条款的超前性。行政法与刑法在法律属性、规范保护目的以及归责原则上存在重大差异，条款的移植难免导致刑事责任与民事责任、行政责任区分的难题。构成要件的短缩很可能导致将没有实质法益侵害的行为认定为犯罪。在我国，行政刑法虽然兼具行政法与刑法双层结构，但本质上系刑法。未来我国行政刑法立法宜继续采纳统一立法体例，妥善处理刑法与行政经济法律的衔接，注意条款移植的限度，谨慎使用行为犯构成要件。还要注意秩序作为行政刑法法益的限度，应重视通过刑法解释避免立法的不足，确保行政刑法处罚的妥当。

实践中一种有影响力的观点认为,毒品代购应严格限于托购者联系或者指定卖家的情形,这种认识不当地缩小了毒品代购的范围,相应地不当扩大了贩卖毒品罪的范围.办案机关对毒品代购的认定应契合其构造,科学处理毒品代购与毒品贩卖之间的关系.将毒品代购牟利认定为毒品贩卖具有合理性,但应注意节制.毒品代购中的蹭吸、克扣被评价为变相牟利,代购牟利被认为属于变相贩卖,从而成立贩卖毒品罪,这种"二次变相认定"的方法导致了行为性质的过度演绎、拔高,不值得提倡.毒品代购中的蹭吸和克扣在性质上属于毒品吸食和盗窃行为,依法不应评价为代购者变相贩卖毒品.实践中将代购牟利认定为毒品贩卖,应契合贩卖行为的本质与构造,注意罪责刑相适应,避免贩卖毒品罪的不当扩大.

运输毒品罪是重罪,办案机关应合理限制其处罚范围,避免扩大化适用.运输的界定不能忽视其作为物流领域概念的基本属性.运输旨在改变商品的空间位移,应注意毒品的位移距离对于运输行为认定的基础意义.行为人长距离运送毒品的,应依法认定为运输毒品的行为,是否成立运输毒品罪,需具体分析.除特殊情形外,短距离的毒品运送通常并不引起毒品空间效应的变化,在性质上多属于走私、贩卖、制造毒品的附随行为,不具有独立评价为运输毒品的价值.在没有证据证明行为人实施走私、贩卖毒品的场合,短距离运送数量较大毒品被查获的,宜依法认定为非法持有毒品罪.以同城作为距离远近的界分标准,具有实践合理性.

准确认定黑恶犯罪是依法推进扫黑除恶专项斗争的基本要求.我国黑社会性质组织存续的实际情况和其在整个违法犯罪构造中的地位决定了对其范围的认定应坚持限制节制的立场.黑恶犯罪构成要件的解释与认定不能偏离其本质,应注意区分"保护伞"与一般性帮助和保护行为的界限.准确认定黑恶犯罪还应重视贯彻宽严相济刑事政策,科学界定黑恶犯罪"参加"行为的含义与范围.实践中司法机关应避免以非刑法用语取代刑法规定.

In the face of rapidly growing cybercrime risks, the Chinese government enacted some omissions liability offences for internet service providers (ISP). It introduced some new pre-inchoate offences for individual offenders. This chapter examines the cyberspace principles enshrined in the Cyber Security Law in China to try to ascertain whether they are apt for solving the particular cybercrime problems that they are designed to stem. The new forms of cybercrimes in China are omissions offences for ISP based on the fact that ISPs might not invest properly in security and retain data that may be needed for solving crimes. Criminal law mainly aims at to attribute liability for past wrongdoing so that a person can be appropriately punished. There has been a move toward preventive criminalisation to deter harm before it is attempted or done. The general principle of bearing responsibility solely for one's own wrongdoing requires that citizens ought only to be held criminally responsible for their own actions.

顺应新时代法学人才培养的新要求,我们致力于实务课程教学改革,积极尝试从"案例教学"到"案卷教学"的升级,即致力于探索从传统的一人讲授向教学合伙人团队授课的转型;从过去静态讲授知识点向动态整体把握真实案卷的转型;从过去单纯讲授刑法知识向刑事一体化的转型;从过去由教师主导课堂向学生主导课堂的转型.三年的实践证明改革着实有助于提升学生解决实务问题的能力,但也存在问题需要解决.

非法占有目的认定要立足于诈骗罪的行为构造,重视综合判断与限制解释.改变资金用途导致重大损失的,若资金实际用于生产经营活动,不宜据此肯定非法占有目的.资金用于偿还个人债务导致被害人重大损失的,要考察个人债务的性质,不能简单地认定为非法占有目的.司法机关应重视对资金去向的查处,但不能认为资金去向查不清的,就一概否认非法占有目的.行为人取得资金后逃跑的,司法机关依法有权要求行为人对逃跑行为的原因做出合理解释,被告人不能做出合理解释的,司法机关可以依法对被告人作出不利的认定.将大量资金用于支付员工高额“工资”,导致款项无法偿还的场合,能否认定非法占有目的,不仅要看“工资”的数额,还要考察“工资”收益是否明显背离资金的正常市场盈利能力.高风险交易导致大量资金损失的场合,要注意区分市场交易风险与诈骗罪的界限.骗取专项补贴资金的场合,诈骗罪与违规申报区分的关键在于行为人实质上是否具有申报资格.

关于黑恶犯罪认定,《指导意见》《恶势力意见》等只是在个别犯罪要件上出现降低或变相降低标准的问题,整体上严格限制其范围的立场并没有改变.黑恶犯罪是个兼具法律和政治双重否定性评价的概念,其认定不应偏离其对抗社会有效管理和控制的本质,司法实践应十分慎重地适用.黑社会性质组织中“非法控制特征”的认定应重视非法控制的“外部性”及其“控制程度”的把握.公司、企业涉黑恶犯罪认定,应避免将公司、企业在正常生产经营过程中自身具有的组织特征、经济实力特征和一定的影响力事实“挪用”以认定该公司、企业符合黑社会性质组织(包括恶势力)特征.恶势力认定应重视对“恶”和“势力”含义的双重把握,避免简单抠取司法文件规定的数字对恶势力含义作片段性理解.避免黑恶犯罪的过度拔高认定,还应注意贯彻宽严相济刑事政策,严格限定参加者及其刑事责任的范围,防止“保护伞”认定的不适当拔高.

针对涉黑涉恶问题的新动向,近日中共中央、国务院发布了《关于开展扫黑除恶专项斗争的通知》.当前,深入开展扫黑除恶专项斗争,是我国在全面建成小康社会的决胜阶段、中国特色社会主义进入新时代的关键时期作出的一项重大部署,是坚持以人民为中心,保障和提升人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感的必然要求,也是巩固党的执政根基,维护社会稳定的切实举措.

轻罪立法具有法治正当性,但如果没有“漏斗式”司法出罪机制配套适用,难免会导致惩罚过度化.眼下犯罪门槛下降和轻罪立法,更多是基于强化刑法参与社会治理的考量,这种做法并不契合法治的要求.行政拘留在新近立法中的扩张,更是与轻罪立法的法治立场相悖.刑法积极参与社会治理,是一种需要谨慎提倡的社会治理模式.轻罪立法的方向应定位于积极构建以更为法治的方式处理轻微危害社会行为,保障公民权利,而不是简单地强调刑法积极介入社会治理.轻罪立法需要配套制度建设,一方面国家要进一步推进行政处罚权的司法化改造,避免行政拘留等人身自由罚的行政处罚扩张;另一方面立法也要相应增设轻微刑罚制度,构建前科消灭制度以及完善司法出罪机制.

醉驾重大肇事案件,不管是一次冲撞引起,还是继续冲撞导致,两种情形下行为人主观罪过形式的认定应秉持同一的原则和标准.为了准确认定此类案件的性质,司法机关应全面考察事故的严重程度、行为人的醉酒程度及其对辨控能力的影响、是否属于无证驾驶、肇事时的车速与交通路况、事故发生的责任以及是否存在连续冲撞、肇事后行为人的表现等.一次冲撞的场合,行为不排除可以成立以危险方法危害公共安全罪;二次或继续冲撞的场合,行为也有成立交通肇事罪的余地.

预防刑法是刑法开放发展、适应社会变迁的产物,它表现出与传统刑法的结构性差异.预防刑法在我国已由碎片化条款转变为类型化立法.刑法中的“秩序安全”具有双面含义,预防刑法追求对法益侵害的事先预防,实现有效的社会控制,却隐含着扩张和模糊刑法干预界限的风险.刑法立法的预防转向是现代社会法律整体价值立场转换的一个具体面相,未来我国预防刑法的发展不可避免,如何防范预防刑法对法治的解构是一个重要问题.限制预防刑法需要从宪法和刑法两方面进行.对于刑法立法而言,关键在于确立法益侵害危险的规范构造,坚持刑法的谦抑性.

严峻的贪腐违法犯罪形势和国民对贪腐的感知适应,是“两高”最新颁布的《关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》提升贪腐犯罪定罪量刑数额的现实和社会心理原因.《解释》提升贪腐犯罪定罪量刑数额虽然有助于缓解眼下实践办案的难题,但却面临更为根本性的法治疑问.提升贪腐犯罪定罪量刑的数额意味着国家“严惩腐败”刑事政策和法治立场的让步.刑法对贪腐犯罪治理意义原本就相当有限,《解释》的做法具有导致国民反腐意识进一步钝化和刑法反腐功能进一步衰退的风险.反腐必须坚守法治理性,倚重刑法反腐已走到尽头,国家反腐刑事政策的法治转型迫在眉睫.

重意识教育轻制度建设、习惯于运动式治理以及倚重刑法事后严惩,是我国传统反腐刑事政策的基本特征.眼下我国的腐败已蔓延为体制性和社会性问题.体制性腐败必须依靠制度解决.反腐表面上看是个违法犯罪的治理问题,根本上事关国家权力的科学配置和政治体制改革.权威性政府是我国走向现代化的基础和保障,腐败的解决需要在该框架下探索如何处理好国家权力内部分工与功能性整合问题.当前倚重刑法反腐虽具有不得已性,但有可能成为国家拖延解决腐败问题的“救命稻草”,要理性对待刑法在反腐中的作用.