针对高压开关柜采用红外测温存在的偏差大、高压设备测温困难等问题,提出采用射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)无线方式对高压开关柜进行温度在线监测.将基于RFID技术的传感器安装在被测节点上,省去传统的信号传输线路,传感器自身可通过环境场获得运行所需电力.为了提高传感器的传输精度、延长传输距离,对RFID芯片做了特殊设计,并提高了电路的通频脉宽.将该温度监测系统应用于薛家湾供电站35 kV开关柜中,可有效监测开关柜内的温度,并对发热故障及时预警,提高了电力设备运行的安全性.

为实现带电情况下检修高压隔离开关触头触指,减少停电范围,研制了高压隔离开关带电打磨装置.该装置通过绝缘杆操作将一次带电工作与人员分离,实现了带电检修,解决了以往触头发热缺陷发生在线路侧,需要线路对侧配合停电才能完成检修工作,导致停电范围扩大的问题.在采用本装置进行检修后,通过连续追踪触头温度变化情况测试应用效果,发现触头温度变化平缓,消除了发热缺陷.

小麦制粉行业需要一个具体的、切实可行的能耗管理技术规程来指导面粉加工实际操作,提高产品质量,降低能耗,增强企业的市场竞争力.针对我国小麦制粉能耗管理的技术规程严重缺乏问题,制定小麦制粉能耗管理的技术规程,对促进小麦产业实现规模化、规范化、标准化发展具有重要意义.

Objective To compare the effect of different preservation methods on the biomechanical properties of rat Achilles tendons,and recommend the best tendon preservation method.Methods Achilles tendons from 25 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:fresh,-20℃ preservation,-80℃ preservation,liquid nitrogen preservation and 10％ formalin preservation group.Tendons in the fresh group were set out for biomechanical test immediately after dissection.Tendons in the rest four groups were preserved accordingly before being subject to biomechanical tests.The length and width of the tendons were measured to calculate the cross sectional areas.After preloading,the tendon was straightened and the initial length was recorded.The tendon was then stretched at a rate of 3 mm/min until the middle position of the tendon ruptured.The load and displacement were recorded,and the maximum strain,maximum stress and stiffness of tendons were calculated.Results There were no significant differences of the initial length of the tendons (F =0.217,P =0.921).The cross sectional areas of tendons in the cryopreservation groups increased,while the ones in the formalin preservation group decreased.These differences were significant (P ＜ 0.05).The maximum tensile length,maximum strain and maximum stress of the preserved groups were lower when compared to those of the fresh group,the differences being significant for liquid nitrogen preservation group and formalin preservation group (P＜0.05).Tendon stiffness in-20℃ group and-80℃ group was higher,compared to the fresh group (P ＜ 0.05).Tendon stiffness in the liquid nitrogen group and formalin group was lower than that in the fresh group,the difference being significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Comparing to liquid nitrogen group and 10％ formalin group,the biomechanical properties of tendons in-20℃ group and-80℃ group were closer to those of fresh tendons.Cryopreservation is the recommended method for tendon preservation.

通过对智能通风技术、控湿通风技术、保温隔热技术和粮面压盖技术的集成应用,降低粮食在储藏环节的数量损耗,降低粮食储藏成本,提高经济效益.

Spinal fusion surgery has been widely applied in clinical treatment, and the spinal fusion rate has improved markedly. However, its postoperative complications, especially adjacent segment degeneration, have increasingly attracted the attention of spinal surgeons. The most common pathological condition at adjacent segments is hypertrophic degenerative arthritis of the facet joint. To study the stress distribution changes at the adjacent facet joint after lumbar fusion with pedicle screw fixation, human cadaver lumbar spines were used in the present study, and electrical resistance strain gauges were attached on L1-L4 articular processes parallel or perpendicular to the articular surface of facet joints. Subsequently, electrical resistance strain gauge data were measured using anYJ-33 static resistance strain indicator with three types of models: the intact model, the laminectomy model, and the fusion model with pedicle screw fixation. The strain changes in the measurement sites indirectly reflect the stress changes. Significant differences in strain were observed between the normal and laminectomy state at all facet joints. Significant differences in strain were observed between the normal and the pedicle screw fixation fusion state at the L1/2 and L3/4 facet joints. The increased stress on the facet joints after lumbar fusion with pedicle screw fixation may be the cause of adjacent segment degeneration.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of dynamic and static external fixation of distal radius fracture.Methods MEDLINE (1966.01-2012.12) and Cochrane Library (Issue 4,2012) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) describing dynamic versus static external fixation of distal radius fracture.Two reviewers independently screened the studies,extracted data and evaluated the methodological quality.Meta analysis of the data was performed with RevMan 5.0 software.Results Seven RCTs were included.In comparison with static external fixation,dynamic external fixation was superior in wrist pronation (MD =0.25,95％ CI 0.08-4.92,P ＜ 0.05),radial length (MD =1.50,95％CI0.75-2.26,P＜0.01) and volartilt (MD=4.31,95％CI2.13-6.49,P＜0.01) at one year follow-up period.No between-group difference was observed with regard to upper extremity functional score,grip strength of the injured side,movement of the injured wrist except for pronation,infection rate and incidence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD).Conclusion Either dynamic or static external fixation is effective in treatment of distal radius fracture,but the dynamic external fixation can provide better radiographic anatomical alignment at one year follow-up period.

Systematic methodological review.Identify predictors for cervical spine injury (CSI) mortality in elderly patients by reviewing the available literature.The proportion of active elderly individuals in society is increasing. This population is at high risk for CSI mortality. The results of studies identifying predictors for CSI mortality in the elderly population are often inconclusive or even conflicting. Currently, there is no set of predictors that can adequately identify and describe CSI mortality risk for the elderly. Thus, we performed a systematic review to identify the predictors for mortality in elderly patients with CSI.We performed searches in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and OVID databases (articles published prior to May 2012) for noninterventional studies that evaluated predictors for CSI mortality in the elderly. Only those observational studies with eligible data were included. Study quality was assessed using a modified quality assessment tool that was designed previously for an observational study. Study outcomes were combined with study quality scores using a best-evidence synthesis model.Twenty-three observational studies involving 2325 patients were included. These studies were published between 1993 and 2011. According to the quality assessment criteria, 8 studies were of high quality, 11 studies were of moderate quality, and 4 studies were of low quality. We identified 3 strong evidence predictors for CSI mortality, including pre-existing comorbidities, spinal cord injury, and age. We also identified 3 moderate evidence predictors, 7 limited evidence predictors and 1 conflicting evidence predictor.Although there is no conclusive evidence regarding the mortality of elderly patients with CSI, these data provide information that can help us to make recommendations and to counsel patients and their families. Special attention should be paid to the 3 strong predictors. Further studies will be required to validate these predictors.

Study Design. Systematic methodological review.Objective. Identify predictors for cervical spine injury (CSI) mortality in elderly patients by reviewing the available literature.Summary of Background Data. The proportion of active elderly individuals in society is increasing. This population is at high risk for CSI mortality. The results of studies identifying predictors for CSI mortality in the elderly population are often inconclusive or even conflicting. Currently, there is no set of predictors that can adequately identify and describe CSI mortality risk for the elderly. Thus, we performed a systematic review to identify the predictors for mortality in elderly patients with CSI.Methods. We performed searches in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and OVID databases (articles published prior to May 2012) for noninterventional studies that evaluated predictors for CSI mortality in the elderly. Only those observational studies with eligible data were included. Study quality was assessed using a modified quality assessment tool that was designed previously for an observational study. Study outcomes were combined with study quality scores using a best-evidence synthesis model.Results. Twenty-three observational studies involving 2325 patients were included. These studies were published between 1993 and 2011. According to the quality assessment criteria, 8 studies were of high quality, 11 studies were of moderate quality, and 4 studies were of low quality. We identified 3 strong evidence predictors for CSI mortality, including pre-existing comorbidities, spinal cord injury, and age. We also identified 3 moderate evidence predictors, 7 limited evidence predictors and 1 conflicting evidence predictor.Conclusion. Although there is no conclusive evidence regarding the mortality of elderly patients with CSI, these data provide information that can help us to make recommendations and to counsel patients and their families. Special attention should be paid to the 3 strong predictors. Further studies will be required to validate these predictors.

The accurate diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) is crucial for therapy and the prevention of complications. No diagnostic test of PJI is 100% accurate. The aim of this study was to assess the use of anti-granulocyte scintigraphy using 99 mTc-labeled monoclonal antibodies to diagnose PJI after total joint arthroplasty. A systematic search of all relevant studies published through January 2013 was conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID, and ScienceDirect databases. Observational studies that assessed the accuracy of the anti-granulocyte scintigraphy with monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments labeled with technetium 99 m in diagnosis for PJI and provided data on specificity and sensitivity were identified. Standard methods recommended for meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy were used. Nineteen studies were eligible for inclusion. The results demonstrated that the area under the summary receiver operator curve was 0.88, and the diagnostic accuracy (Q*) was 0.81. Additionally, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 18.76 with a corresponding 95% confidence interval of 10.45-33.68. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic method for the diagnosis of PJI were 83% and 79%, respectively, while the pooled positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 3.56, and the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.26. Anti-granulocyte scintigraphy using 99 mTc-labeled monoclonal antibodies has a reasonable role in the diagnosis of PJI after total joint arthroplasty. Due to the limitations of the present meta-analysis, additional high-quality original studies are required to confirm the predictive value.

The endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is a microinvasived diagnosis technique which appeared in recent years, and the value in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer and diagnosis of mediastinal lymph nodes and other diseases is catching more and more attentions.This article reviews the clinical application of the technique.

背景:研究证实激素长期局部注射对肌腱是有负面影响的,但短期应用激素对肌腱的影响仍存在争议。目的:观察短期激素局部注射后大鼠肌腱生物力学和病理方面的变化。方法:激素封闭对照组、激素封闭训练组大鼠均按人体局部封闭疗程进行治疗,于双侧跟腱的腱周部位注射与人体相当剂量地塞米松0.025mg,1次/周,3次为1个疗程方法。激素封闭训练组保证跑步训练,跑步强度为25m/min,30min/次,3次/周。正常对照组大鼠自由活动,无任何处理。分别于第4,7周取肌腱行苏木精-伊红染色和MASSON染色,观察炎细胞浸润及胶原纤维排列情况,并进行跟腱拉伸实验以观察其生物力学变化。结果与结论:激素封闭对照组力学性能呈明显先增强后下降的趋势,并出现1例肌腱断裂实例,而激素封闭训练组力学性能呈明显先下降后恢复的趋势,两组病理均表现为肌腱退变。提示短期激素局部注射对肌腱是一种刺激,可使肌腱的适应性下降,应用时需避免强体力劳动,可进行适度功能锻炼。

The high effective attractant was made with food volatiles and several stored product insects pheromone,which was microencapsuled by porous starch.The trapping effect on insects was studied in Lubei National Grain Storage Depot and Center Depot of Zhongshan Grain Reserve Management Ltd.respectively.The results showed that this attractant could effectively forecast occurrence of booklice population,and comparing with the traditional probe sampling,the insects numbers which trapped by the attractant coincided with the actual damage tendency of pests,furthermore,this attractant could also forecast the occurrence position of stored grain insects.In Center Depot of Zhongshan Grain Reserve Management Ltd.,the results showed that it had more significant trapping effect against booklice by combining the attractant with self-made trapper than the Moth patrol traps,the insects amounts trapped by the attractant were up to 6,500 heads of booklice,meanwhile,the field test also discovered that there were significant difference in trapping booklice between the south-west corner and north-west corner in the warehouse.

Grain overturn machine,solar energy and heat pump technology were introduced for in-store drying of high moisture cereals,thereby achiving the purpose of high efficiency,energy-saving,rapid and even during decreasing grain moisture.The results showed that the system was suitable for the large warehouses stored cereals with smooth surface,drying cycle could be less than 15 days,the range of decreasing moisture was about 1.5% and COP of the heat pump over 5.0.To some extent,the solar energy contributed over 20% to the whole system.