目的:考察流动儿童城市文化适应对主观幸福感的作用及影响机制.方法:采用城市文化适应量表、友谊质量量表、同伴提名问卷及幸福感指数量表对武汉市3所学校502名5～6年级的流动儿童进行调查.结果:①城市文化适应正向预测流动儿童的主观幸福感.②友谊质量在城市文化适应影响流动儿童主观幸福感中起完全中介作用.③同伴接纳调节了友谊质量和主观幸福感的关系,同伴接纳较低时,友谊质量对流动儿童主观幸福感的促进作用更大.结论:城市文化适应通过友谊质量影响流动儿童主观幸福感,且此中介模型后半段受同伴接纳的调节.

本研究探讨同伴接纳对流动儿童的外化问题行为的影响,以及自尊、物质主义的链式中介作用.在武汉市三所小学选取478名五、六年级的流动儿童,运用同伴提名法、物质主义价值观量表-儿童版(MVS-c)、自尊量表(SES)、儿童青少年问题行为问卷(CB)进行问卷调查.结果 发现,同伴接纳、物质主义价值观、自尊、外化问题行为四者均显著相关;同伴接纳对外化问题行为具有很强的直接预测作用,也会通过物质主义价值观和自尊的部分中介作用而影响外化问题行为,还会通过自尊、物质主义的链式中介作用影响外化问题行为.

本文以西藏区内高校大学生微信使用现状为出发点进行分析,探讨区内高校大学生在微信使用过程中对其人际交往能力产生的影响.结果表明微信使用不仅有利于区内大学生展现自己、提高自信,而且也有利于扩展其人际交往范围;但是微信的使用也对区内大学生的人际交往能力产生了不利的影响.故提出将微信应用与现实相连接,防止西藏区内高校大学生沉迷其中等建议,以促进西藏区内高校大学生人际沟通能力的健康发展.

近些年,国际上开始发展了一些专门用于监狱罪犯的自杀危险评估的量表,例如有专门用于青少年罪犯的工具(Kaczmarek,Hagan,Kettler,2006;Blaauw,Kerhof,Winkel&Sheridan,2001),有针对成年罪犯的工具(Perry & Olason,2009;Mills & Kroner,2004),我国也有评估新收押罪犯的各种危险性的量表,在其9种危险性中包括了自杀倾向因子(广东四会,2004),另外有专门评估服刑人员自杀倾向性的量表(罗大华,2002),其中包括了自杀态度分量表,但是均未专门测量罪犯的自杀意念,也未见其进一步使用或其效度评价的研究.以上测量大多使用具有自杀或自伤史的人群作为效标人群,将有与无自杀史的罪犯进行对照.虽然具有自杀自伤史是进一步自杀危险的最强的指标(Tripodi & Bender,2007),但是也有很多人自杀过一次之后完全不再自杀,而在罪犯人群中,很多自伤行为往往是作为一种情感发泄途径(陈立成,2004),或者源于操纵动机(Dear,Thomson,& Hills,2000),如为减轻劳动,有些并无自杀意向,而唯有自杀意向的存在是非致死性自伤与希望死的自杀相关行为相区分的唯一关键指标(Lohuner,Konrad,2006;Posner,et.al,2007).因此,只有明确地测量自杀意念,才能确立罪犯是否存在即时的自杀危险,将具有潜在自杀倾向的罪犯与具有自杀意向的罪犯有效区分开来,尽可能少地假阳性判断,进行对象明确、直接有效的自杀危机干预.因此,本研究的目的是,发展针对监狱环境中的罪犯自杀意念评估的自我报告量表,旨在设计项目简短有效、具有良好心理测量学属性和区分力的测量.

To explore the relationship among individualism/collectivism, autonomous motivation and employee creativity, 238 employees were surveyed, including 208 newcomers in careers and the mean working years were 1.69. The results showed that compared with the older employees, the newcomers had higher levels of employee creativity and autonomous motivation. The two dimensions of autonomous motivation, individualism and collectivism were significantly and positively correlated with creativity. Regression equation analysis showed that individualism significantly and positively predicted employee creativity, while collectivism had no predictive effect on creativity. The autonomous motivation had a meditating effect between individualism and creativity, in which identified motivation had a complete mediation effect while intrinsic motivation played a partial mediating role.

“文化”是社会人文科学中的重要概念，也是众多学科的链接点，不同领域学者从不同的角度对文化进行研究，出现了各学科的交叉研究。本文试图从人类学、心理学与传播学的角度分析文化研究的方法，指出人类学、心理学、传播学方法论在文化学研究中的运用，理清文化研究的思路，为进一步的文化研究方法和理论创新奠定基础。

A self-construal is an important factor on social behavior, and for Chinese people, family is a very important part of their self-concept. The current study applied the method of correlation analysis and priming paradigm to explore the existence of a family self-construal for Chinese, and whether a family selfI-construal and an individual self-construal of college students had an impact on their altruistic and egoistic behaviors. The aim is to find a way to decrease their altruistic behaviors and increase their egoistic behaviors. Results revealed that: (1) The family self-construal was positively correlated with altruistic tendencies (r=.398, p<0.01), and negatively correlated with egoistic tendencies (r=-.162, p<0.01); Individual self-construal was positively correlated with egoistic tendencies (r=.298, p<0.01). (2) When the family self-construal was primed, participants reported more altruistic behaviors (t=2.377, p <0.05), and when the individual self-construal was primed caused more egoistic behavior (t=2.681, p <0.05).

While migrant children in china moving from rural to urban area, they confront the adjustment for new urban culture and the re-adjustment for their original rural culture, which is similar to the dual-acculturation of immigration into a foreign country. The object of this study was to explore the characteristics of the bidirectional acculturation of rural-urban culture in migrant children in China. Participants were 403 migrant children and 123 urban children from 3 public elementary schools in Wuhan city, in which 2 schools had high rate of migrant children and 1 school had low rate. According to the dimension of acculturation created by Ward and Fang and based on the literatures about the content of Chinese rural culture and urban culture, we developed two questionnaires for the urban acculturation and rural acculturation separately. Results: (1) Both two questionnaire had acceptable psychometric characters on its structure validity and reliability; (2) Migrant children were divided into four types by the scores in two questionnaires: integration, assimilation, separation, marginalization according to Berry's Model of acculturation strategies; (3) Both migrant children and urban children had bidirectional acculturation, and migrant children had significantly higher rural acculturation, while urban children had significantly higher urban acculturation; (4)The significant differences on bidirectional acculturation could be observed on the demographic variables of grade, living time and school types. Higher grade and longer living time had significantly positive relations with better urban acculturation and worse rural acculturation, and migrant children in school of high rate scored higher on urban acculturation and lower on rural acculturation than those in school of low rate. (5) Family economic status and parent education level had significant effect on bidirectional acculturation. Most of the children in higher family economic status and parent education level belonged to the integration type on its acculturation strategy.

In recent years, the problem of migrant children has caused serious concern to academic figures. To better understand the question of psychological adaptation of migrant children, this study used urban and rural acculturation as the breakthrough point to learn the effect mechanism of bidirectional acculturation on the psychological adaption among migrant children compared to city children. 526 students from three public elemental, schools of Wuhan City participated in the study, and completed the Bidirectional Acculturation Questionnaires, Self-esteem Scale (SES), Adolescence Loneliness Scales and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The results indicated that: (1) The language dimension of both urban and rural acculturation predicted the migrant children's self-esteem, and children who use the assimilation as their acculturation strategy got higher score in the SES than others. (2) The implicit concept dimension of rural acculturation and the identity dimension in urban acculturation could positively predict migrant students' life satisfaction, and their acculturation strategy of integration made them score highest on life satisfaction. (3) The implicit concept dimension in urban acculturation positively predicted the students' loneliness, and the identity dimension in urban acculturation predicted the students' loneliness negatively. (4) For city children, urban acculturation predicted positively of their self-esteem and life satisfaction, but different acculturation strategies had no significant effect on their psychological adaption.

城乡文化差异是中国现代社会发展中特有的社会现象.农村文化与城市文化分别成为乡土文化、中国传统文化与工业文化、现代文化的代表,两者的差异主要表现在外在的生活环境、生活习俗、语言和内化的观念,生产方式则是差异的根本.随着农村人大量迁入城市,人们面临着农村文化与城市文化之间的变迁,城市中的农村人和城市人都存在着双重文化适应问题,对原有文化和新文化都具有学习的过程.这种双重文化适应程度对农村人和城市人的心理适应具有不同的影响,对农村人而言“双重性”更为明显;双重文化适应的内容对心理适应的不同方面影响不均衡;而这种文化适应和心理适应都受到经济和教育的影响,当城乡经济差异发生变化,教育观念发生改变,心理适应问题可能也就不再凸显.

The development of Chinese children's concepts of procedural justice in a real-life group distribution was investigated in a qualitative approach. Thirty groups (four children in each group) of 5-, 7- and 9-year-old children were asked to distribute four kinds of gifts. The groups freely discussed how to distribute the gifts and then distributed among themselves. A week later, fifteen groups received feedback on just procedures and then completed a similar group distribution task. The 5-year-old children have not nearly mastered the concept of procedural justice. They could only use just procedures after receiving the feedback and their use of procedures was symbolic. The 7-year-old children were sensitive to procedural justice and were able to use and negotiate just procedure;. 9-year-old children could evaluate the used procedures and propose better ones. At each age, there were some children who gave up the distribution right or tacitly recognized the group leaders' distribution. 5- to 9-year-old Chinese children's concept of procedural justice reflected Confucian ethics.

研究结果表明:(1)流动儿童与城市儿童在孤独感与自尊两个维度的心理适应具有显著差异。流动儿童的自尊低于城市儿童,孤独感高于城市儿童,即流动儿童的心理适应总体低于城市儿童。(2)流动儿童和城市儿童在同伴接纳和友谊质量两个维度的同伴关系具有显著差异。流动儿童的同伴接纳和友谊质量低于城市儿童。(3)友谊质量对于流动儿童的孤独感具有显著影响,对于城市儿童却没有显著影响。

自杀是一种由多种原因共同作用、行为者自发的、有意识蓄意进行的可能导致致命结果的杀死自己的行为。广义的自杀包括自杀意念、自杀意图和致命自杀行为,统称为"自杀相关行为"。国内外已有的自杀成因理论分三种:(1)从不同理论流派出发对自杀的心理原因进行解释的经典心理学理论;(2)基于实证研究对自杀危险因素进行梳理的过程理论;(3)最近提出的自杀的人际关系理论,兼具理论的解释性和实证的可预测性,对自杀相关行为的逐步产生过程具有较全面的解释,但是还需要进一步的理论和实证研究。

狱内罪犯自杀危险性评估已经成为现代监狱科学化、法制化、社会化管理的重要前提,但是目前我国罪犯自杀的评估研究还非常欠缺.在简要介绍了国内外自杀和罪犯自杀的相关评估理论模式和评估研究之后,在总结国内罪犯自杀评估和预防的经验的基础上,结合我国罪犯管理和改造的实情,提出了罪犯自杀危险评估的原则,并从罪犯自杀危险性因素的建构、罪犯自杀危险性的评估手段和程序等方面提出了对我国狱内罪犯自杀危险性评估的初步构想,以期为进一步的有效评估罪犯自杀危险性提供借鉴.

To explore the relationship between personality,perceived social support and self-esteem in high school students,1432 high school students of grade one and grade two in junior and senior high schools at Beijing and Xi'an completed the five-factor personality inventory,social network questionnaires and Rosenberg whole self-esteem scale.The results are as follows.(1) Emotion stability,openness of personality and social support,conflict and punishment,and satisfaction have significant predictive effect on self-esteem.(2) Among the influence of personality and social support on self-esteem in high school students,personality has more important effect.(3) Personality has direct effect on esteem,and it may also influence perceived social support and indirect influenced esteem.(4) Personality and perceived social support have different influences on self-esteem between boys and girls.These findings would have important enlightenment on educational practice of promoting self-esteem and mental healthy of high school students.

Objective:To explore the relation between global self-esteem and traits in Chinese high school students and the differences by gender and grade.Methods: 1432 high school students from Beijing and Xi'an city were investigated with Rosenberg's self-esteem scale and five personality inventory.Results:High school students with different level of self-esteem had significantly different personality characters, that high self-esteem students were more extraverted, agreeable, conscientious, emotion stable, and open to experience(F=59.10,39.83,185.80,33.91,128.0 respectively,P<0.01). Self-esteem strongly correlated with emotion stability, openness, and extraversion(r =-0.53,0.42,0.34), and had weak correlations with extraversion and conscientiousness(r=0.25, 0.22). Although there were same relationships between global self-esteem and personality in all high school students that it mainly correlated with emotion stability and openness(β=-0.418~-0.509,0.244~0.339), there were still some gender and grades differences.Conclusions:High school students with high self-esteem generally were emotion stable, open to experience, extrovert and conscientious, and the relationship had difference on gender and different grades.

The study investigated the relation between children's conception of respect and peer relationships.502 children from Grade 3 through 6 completed peer nominations,sociometric nominations,friendship quality questionnaire and opened questionnaire on the conception of respect.Results showed children of mutual respect had more friends and better friendship quality than children of unilateral respect.Popular children had no more mutual respect conception than other children.Rejected children had more unilateral respect conception than other children,which mainly was self-directed conception of respect.The different relations between respect conception and two aspects of peer relationships,which were friend relationships and social status,were discussed.

Objective: To examine the developmental characteristics of self-concept in 3-5 grade pupils and to explore its relationship with five factor personality. Methods: The Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale and the Five Factor Inventory were administered to 550 grade 3-5 elementary school students. Results: ①There were significant gender difference in total self-concept scores and all subscales of self-concept except anxiety, with girls scoring much higher than boys. ②All personality factors were significantly correlated with self-concept. ③Pupils'self-concept differed significantly between different subtypes of personality type, with harmonious children having the highest self-concept, while the withdraw the lowest. Conclusion: Girls' self-concept are generally higher than boys during elementary schools; People with high self-concept are those conscientious, agreeable and emotionally stable extraverts

The research investigated the character of respecting behavior of children in primary school,and its relations to their personality and class environment.356 children from grade 3 to grade 5 of two primary schools in Beijing city completed the children's respecting behaviors questionnaire,the five-factor personality inventory and class environment inventory.The results showed:(1) Primary school children's whole respecting behaviors and appreciating behaviors subscale showed significant gender and zone differences.(2) Primary school children's respecting behaviors had significant relation to all dimensions of personality and class environment,except for competing atmosphere in class enviornment.(3) The agreeableness,consciousness,neuroticism and openness in personality and classmate relationship in class environment could significantly predicate respecting behaviors,and the different dimensions of personality and class environment had different predicating effect to different aspects of respecting behaviors.(4) Three distinctive types of class environment were identified: positive, average,conflict,and there were significant differences between three types of class environment on respecting behaviors.