Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the stigma status of infertile women in China and to determine the influencing factors. Methods: 366 infertile women from the gynecological and reproductive departments of two tertiary hospitals completed socio-demographic questionnaires, the Infertility Stigma Scale (ISS) and the Mandarin Fertility Problem Inventory (M-FPI). Results: The scores of stigma and infertility-related stress in infertile women were (52.51 ± 17.74) and (150.03 ± 17.51), respectively. Multiple regression analysis found that location of residence, regarding children as the most important thing in life, talking to others about infertility and infertility-related stress were the main influencing factors of stigma in infertile women, which explained 17.3% of the total variance. Conclusions: In the current study, the level of stigma in women with infertility was at the middle range. Location of residence, regarding children as the most important thing in life, whether to talk with others about infertility and infertility-related stress were the four main influencing factors of stigma.

Abstract Background In recent years, sleep problems among college students have become increasingly prominent, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and their sleep quality has deteriorated dramatically, severely affecting their physical and mental health. Numerous research studies have investigated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality; however, it is still unclear what psychological process underlies this relationship. In the current study, college students' bed procrastination and self-control as mediating factors in the association between mindfulness and sleep quality were investigated. Methods Using the convenience sampling method, 763 Chinese college students (mean age = 19.48 years, SD = 2.06) were recruited to complete self-reported questionnaires that included the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Self-Control Scale, Bed Procrastination Scale, and Sleep Quality Scale. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results Results showed that (a) mindfulness was positively associated with sleep quality; (b) both self-control and bed procrastination mediated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality, and (c) self-control and bed procrastination sequentially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality. Conclusion The results demonstrate how mindfulness internally affects sleep quality and provide a set of useful recommendations for strategies and interventions that could help students improve their sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, targeting both professionals and the general public.

针对当前药学实验教学中存在的教学方式和资源单一、师资融合不足、缺乏系统性设计,以及优质平台资源利用不充分等问题,药学"设计性实验"课程应在教学模式上进行创新.充分发挥实验教学中心和实习实训基地的技术支撑作用,积极拓展学术交流与科技创新平台,提供教学科研平台以及实践基地的优质科技信息,学院教师及实践基地工程师联合指导,引导学生的自主思维,自拟课题设计实验,提升综合实践技能和创新能力.以期培养出适应当前国家战略需求和社会发展的高层次药学人才.

Imprinted genes are a special subset of about 100 genes, which are mainly expressed in the form of parental monoallelic genes, and play important roles in the growth and development of embryos. In recent years, it has been found that epigenetic modification of imprinted genes induced by environmental factors can cause fetal multi-organ dysplasia and even susceptibility to multiple diseases in adulthood, which also exhibit multi-generational inheritance. In this review, we summarize the effects of expression changes of imprinted genes on ontogenetic development and organ functions in late stage of life, and propose that abnormal epigenetic modification and expression of imprinted genes caused by environmental deleterious factors are important mechanisms for explaining the multi-organ dysplasia in offspring. Such mechanisms are greatly significant for understanding the phenotypic changes caused by alteration of imprinted gene expression during ontogeny and exploring early prevention and treatment strategies of diseases.

Signal molecule hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays critical roles in various processes of plant development. However, H2O2 signaling network, especially the responders that sense and respond to the H2O2 signal remain largely unknown. Here we report two homologous genes H2O2 Response Gene 1 and 2 (HRG1/2) in Arabidopsis that could quickly respond to exogenous or endogenous H2O2. Knockdown of HRG1/2 facilitated seed germination while overexpression of HRG1/2 greatly retarded seed germination. ROS level in HRG1 overexpression roots was significantly lower than that in HRG1/2 mutants after H2O2 treatment. The expression level of enzymatic antioxidant DHAR3 was upregulated in HRG1 overexpression plants, suggesting that DHAR3 is downstream of HRG1. That the root meristem length and cell number were significantly reduced in hrg1-1 and hrg2-1 plants upon H2O2 treatment compared to that of HRG1 overexpression plants also approves the idea that HRGs function in H2O2 removal. Further evolutionary analysis indicates that this is a dicotyledon-specific pathway responsive to H2O2. Together, this work reveals HRG1/2 as novel H2O2 responders involved in ROS scavenging to ensure embryonic root meristem activity. These findings provide valuable clues for the of H2O2 signaling and root meristem regulation.

男男性行为者(MSM)是艾滋病流行与扩散的主要人群之一,而高危性行为是该人群感染艾滋病病毒的主要原因.本文基于性少数群体压力模型,结合性少数群体身份特征,梳理了影响高危性行为的相应压力源,如偏见、污名、自我封闭和内化恐同等,以解释并预测MSM的高危性行为.这一领域的研究对于了解我国特定社会文化背景下MSM人群高危性行为的心理机制,制定出更具有针对性的预防措施,从而降低我国艾滋病感染率具有十分重要的现实意义.未来相关研究应结合不同理论模型,关注不同文化背景下多个压力源间的相互作用.

: Self-control refers to the ability of individuals to consciously control their impulsive behaviors in order to achieve long-term interests. The dual-systems model proposes that the self-control system includes an impulsive system and a reflective system, which can be used to analyze the internal structure of criminals’ low self-control. The impulsive system in criminals is thought to predominantly use behavioral schemata related to crime, while their reflective system is too weak to suppress impulsive behaviors. With the impulsive system activated and the reflective system insufficiently activated, the criminals will likely fail to self-control and subsequently commit crime. To investigate the mechanism of the self-control system in criminals, more integration of the existing studies on the basis of the dual-systems model is needed. It is also necessary to explore the application of the dual-systems model in intervention and psychological correction for prisoners. In addition, juveniles who are susceptible to crime require special attention.

The use of trademark runs through the basic theory of trademark law and the trademark legal system. In practice, judgement standards for trademark use, including the intention standard, scope standard, object standard, functional standard and regional standard, on the one hand have their own advantages, on the other hand face the dilemma of application. The China's trademark legislation is fully aware of the importance of the trademark use. In the legal practices concerning trademark, the judgement standards for the trademark use should be strict, and establish, based on the extant legislation and regulations, the three-dimensional factor judgment standard, i.e. to comprehensively investigate "user","goods" and "mark" factors in trademark use..

: Body image disturbance mainly refers to the individual's negative perception of the body, negative emotional experience and the corresponding negative behavior regulation. The "looking-glass self" theory suggests that the attitude and reaction of others is a "mirror" from which we know ourselves. According to this theory, the main external reasons for body image disturbance include the negative real evaluations from the primary group and the diverse real evaluations from the secondary group. Meanwhile, the main internal reasons include the fear of subjective imaginary evaluation and the deviation of subjective perceptual evaluation. To alleviate the increasing disturbance and promote the benign transformation of disorders, further researches are needed to explore the sources of body image disturbance, improve the intervention strategy on social interest, and disclose the basic influence of the other-oriented under face culture.

解决知识产权的垄断性与社会公众对知识产品合理需求之间的矛盾,已成为知识产权法的重要使命.在商标法中,存在着权利人的利益、消费者的利益、竞争者的利益等,商标法中的利益平衡具体表现为商标垄断和自由竞争之间的平衡.为了维持这种平衡,对商标权的限制成为必然.在商标侵权及不正当竞争等类型的案件中,涉嫌侵权方通常会选择"商品通用名称的正当使用"作为抗辩理由,故是否属于商品通用名称的判定是此类案件裁判的焦点.然而,由于我国立法中该领域判定规则的不完善,此类案件的处理在全国出现了莫衷一是的尴尬局面.这种局面一方面引发了大量当事人上诉、申诉,浪费了大量司法资源,另一方面又损害了法律的可预测性,使商标和商品通用名称的使用始终处于不确定状态.

近些年,国际上开始发展了一些专门用于监狱罪犯的自杀危险评估的量表,例如有专门用于青少年罪犯的工具(Kaczmarek,Hagan,Kettler,2006;Blaauw,Kerhof,Winkel&Sheridan,2001),有针对成年罪犯的工具(Perry & Olason,2009;Mills & Kroner,2004),我国也有评估新收押罪犯的各种危险性的量表,在其9种危险性中包括了自杀倾向因子(广东四会,2004),另外有专门评估服刑人员自杀倾向性的量表(罗大华,2002),其中包括了自杀态度分量表,但是均未专门测量罪犯的自杀意念,也未见其进一步使用或其效度评价的研究.以上测量大多使用具有自杀或自伤史的人群作为效标人群,将有与无自杀史的罪犯进行对照.虽然具有自杀自伤史是进一步自杀危险的最强的指标(Tripodi & Bender,2007),但是也有很多人自杀过一次之后完全不再自杀,而在罪犯人群中,很多自伤行为往往是作为一种情感发泄途径(陈立成,2004),或者源于操纵动机(Dear,Thomson,& Hills,2000),如为减轻劳动,有些并无自杀意向,而唯有自杀意向的存在是非致死性自伤与希望死的自杀相关行为相区分的唯一关键指标(Lohuner,Konrad,2006;Posner,et.al,2007).因此,只有明确地测量自杀意念,才能确立罪犯是否存在即时的自杀危险,将具有潜在自杀倾向的罪犯与具有自杀意向的罪犯有效区分开来,尽可能少地假阳性判断,进行对象明确、直接有效的自杀危机干预.因此,本研究的目的是,发展针对监狱环境中的罪犯自杀意念评估的自我报告量表,旨在设计项目简短有效、具有良好心理测量学属性和区分力的测量.

目前叙事研究已经成为科学研究中的一种普遍方法,而近十几年里该领域中出现了一种语境转向,即从研究作为事件的叙事转向了关注语境中的叙事.文章探讨了这一转向出现的主要外部原因与内部原因,并介绍了一种较为简单明确的叙事语境分类,在此基础上提出叙事语境的研究方法可以大致分为两类.结论是,只有在叙事研究中将叙事产物(故事)与叙事过程(语境)结合起来,才能更全面地理解个体所讲述的故事.

The issues of free will and moral judgment and their relations are among the oldest and hottest ones in western philosophy.Recently,by using experimental methods,philosophers have begun to explore the folk intuitions on free will and moral judgment.A number of discussions appear around the experimental results in question and a variety of explanations are formulated.Although disputes about the limitations and importance of the experimental approaches to such recalcitrant issues are still in process,apparently it has some important implications to the philosophical discussion of free will and moral judgment.

The issue of free will versus determinism is important and controversial in psychology,and recently the discussion of free will has become hot again because new advances,findings and approaches have been made in psychology.Although whether free will exists cannot be proved by psychology,the psychological researches provide evidence for relevant discussions.Meanwhile,the development of psychology needs the concept of free will;people's folk understanding of free will does exist;and our everyday life and therapy practice also require us to recognize its existence.In the future,psychological studies should put more emphasis on people's understanding of and attitude toward free will and on the exploration of its related psychological mechanism.Researches of this type will be more productive in comparison with the old controversies between free will and determinism.

Previous studies about labor market segmentation mostly focused on the income gap between urban and rural labor forces and were well explored.This research divided the labor forces in towns into 4 categories,local non-agricultural,local agricultural,non-local non-agricultural,and non-local agricultural,and made a comparative analysis focused on their job opportunity differentials.Both Multinomial Logic model and blinder-Oaxaca decomposition were employed in the research to analyze the 2007's sample survey data of the households in towns in Guangdong Province.The distinctions among labor forces of different residential registration in the market were closely examined and decomposed into two elements,human capital and structural factor,in respective proportion.

依据积极心理学以人为本的观点,本研究从学习者角度出发,围绕其学习能力及教师角色期待,考察大学生英语自主学习状况的结果表明:大学生英语自主学习能力整体较强;大学生对教师角色有较强期待,其中动力维持者和动机激发者角色相对更为重要;大学生英语自主学习能力与其教师角色期待之间呈较低正相关。积极心理学对该结果的启示在于,在大学生英语自主学习中教师需要关注学生固有的积极能力与潜在能力,激发其内部学习动机和积极情绪,并同样关注如何帮助学习能力强的学生学得更好。

Free will is one of the hot issues in contemporary western philosophy,which can be traced back to ancient Greece.The theological determinism appeared in Christian era,but modern science initiated determinism's challenge against free will.In different times,various demonstrations around the issue of free will have been proposed.According to the development of free will defense,it shows that free will has different meanings,and the indeterminist one seems to be the most incisive.But so far,none of the theories has successfully explained the indeterminist free will yet.

当前人格心理学的六大取向对自由意志问题的看法各不相同,有的态度明确,有的含糊不清;认知论、生物论的最新发展则日益表现出了明显不支持自由意志论的倾向。同时,根据自由意志的不同含义,虽然有取向为自由意志的存在提供了辩护,但是并没有一种对其核心含义真正有力的辩护。随着探讨的不断深入以及更多实证研究结果的出现,已持续百年的争论仍将继续下去,六大人格取向在此问题上的看法也会继续有所发展,然而当前发展趋势似乎更倾向于不支持自由意志的存在。

Early psychologists studied on the construction of free will concept and its correlation with responsibility attribution,attitude on punishments,and locus of control.Recently,by using another method,scholars began to explore the folk conception on free will,its development,and their intuition on whether free will is compatible with determinism.According to the results,the folk intuition on free will is more complicated than having proposed,and it seems that different mechanisms exist.The future research need to further explore the inner mental mechanisms by using subjects with different educational levels,cultural backgrounds,and social features,as well as more systematic methods and mental factors.

On any important developmental moment of analytic philosophy,psychology always plays a role.From the beginning of analytic philosophy,to the decade of logic empiricism,and the rise of mind philosophy,psychology always imposes influences.Contemporary philosophers have realized the significance of psychological researches to philosophical discussion,and in the future psychology will continue to provide materials and proofs for philosophical discussion.