Bacteriocin can effectively improve the gut inflammation for their superior antibacterial activity. However, its inherent attributes, such as easily degraded and off-target effect in the gastrointestinal environment, make bacteriocins' efficient oral delivery a great challenge. Herein, a pectin/4-carboxyphenylboric acid/carboxymethyl chitosan (PEC/CPBA/CMCS) hydrogel microbead targeted oral delivery system was innovatively developed for the plantaricin RX-8 protective delivery, precisely targeted inflammatory microenvironment (IME) and sustained released plantaricin RX-8 by pH/ROS dual stimulation response. The hydrogel microbeads showed regular in shape and size, and exhibited high affinity for sialic acid of tumor cells. Subsequently, hydrogel microbeads exhibited the protective effect in gastrointestinal tract to avoid plantaricin RX-8 leakage, whereas in simulated normal environment and simulated IME showed better swelling and sustain release behaviors. Notably, the plantaricin RX-8 retains antibacterial activity in the simulated environments. Importantly, hydrogel microbeads showed no toxicity and inhibited tumor cell proliferation, which was ascribed to the sustained release of plantaricin RX-8 under ROS-sensitive IME, as validated by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Microbead not only demonstrated biodistribution in high potency, but also exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory properties in alleviating colitis in vivo. The present study highlights the promising application of hydrogel carriers for improved oral delivery approach of bacteriocin bioavailability.

为提高大豆油的提取率以及油的品质,该研究将游离纤维素酶固定在磁性高分子载体Fe3O4/SiOx-g-P(GMA)上,利用数值模拟确定磁流化床中水酶法提油的最佳参数,并将最佳参数应用在磁流化床中,通过单因素试验探究磁性固定化纤维素酶在磁流化床中水酶法提油的最佳工艺条件.结果表明:扫描电镜、粒径分析和红外光谱显示磁性固定化纤维素酶已固定在磁性高分子载体Fe3O4/SiOx-g-P(GMA)上,且具有较好的磁响应能力,与游离酶相比,磁性固定化纤维素酶提高了酶的耐热性和耐酸碱性.数值模拟得出磁场强度为0.034 T,流速为0.0041 m/s时,磁酶在磁流化床中可与大豆料液充分接触,有利于提高大豆油提取率.磁流化床中水酶法提油较优工艺为:酶添加量为1.2 mg/g,pH值为5,温度为55℃,反应时间120 min,此时大豆油提取率较优为90.3％.磁性固定化纤维素酶在磁流化床中可以连续使用12 h.该研究提高了大豆油提取率,与间歇反应相比,磁流化床大豆油提取率增加了6.1％.研究结果为后续磁流化床水酶法提油提供了理论依据.

Cardiovascular diseases and vascular trauma can be commonly found in the population. Scholars worldwide hope to develop small-diameter vascular grafts that can replace autologous vessels for clinical use. Decellularized blood vessels can retain the original morphology, structure, and physical properties of blood vessels, which is conducive to cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, porcine coronary arteries (PCAs) were decellularized to prepare decellularized porcine coronary artery (DPCA), and bilayer hybrid scaffolds were prepared by coating gelatin and sodium alginate mixed hydrogel of seven different proportions and combined with mouse fibroblasts (L929 cells) to study the construction of tissue engineering vessels in vitro. The obtained bilayer hybrid scaffolds were 3–7 cm in length, 5 mm in external diameter, and 1 mm in average wall thickness. All seven bilayer hybrid scaffolds showed good biocompatibility after cell inoculation. Compared with 2D culture, cells on 3D scaffolds grew relatively slowly in the first 4 days, and the number of cells proliferated rapidly at 7 days. In the same culture days, different concentrations of hydrogel also had an impact on cell proliferation. With the increase of hydrogel content, cells on the 3D scaffold formed cell colonies faster. The results showed that the scaffold had good biocompatibility and could meet the needs of artificial blood vessel construction.

农业科技水平是区域农业综合生产能力的表现.为探寻黑龙江省未来农业科技发展趋势,结合黑龙江省农业发展状况,从投入与产出两方面构建黑龙江省农业科技水平预测指标体系.基于2003-2017年数据,采用ARIMA-Holt组合预测模型预测未来5年黑龙江省农业科技水平.结果表明:黑龙江省不仅应从农业科研经费与农业技术人才培养两方面继续加大投入力度,更要注重农业科研成果的推广和资源的高效整合.基于预测结果,给出提升黑龙江省农业科技水平的对策建议.

本研究以新鲜米糠和大豆为原料,利用挤压膨化机对混合物料进行预处理,经螺旋榨油机压榨出部分油脂,制得高溶性半脱脂蛋白粉,同时钝化了新鲜米糠中的脂肪酶.确定了新鲜米糠和大豆混合的最佳质量比为3:7,当混合物料含水量为14.0％,膨化温度145℃,螺杆转速110 r/min,模孔孔径18 mm条件下,物料经挤压膨化后脂肪酶残余活性为1.19％,物料的温度为80℃,含水量为7％.透射电镜显示挤压膨化后物料油脂明显外露.在螺旋榨油机温度为130℃,压力3.5 MPa条件下,低温水化脱胶后油脂的酸价为2.54 mg KOH/g,维生素E含量62.18 mg/100 g,谷维素含量616.32 mg/100 g,植物甾醇含量402.12 mg/100 g.制得蛋白质含量33.1％,NSI为81.8％,脲酶活性0.045 U/g,残油为7.5％的半脱脂蛋白粉,将半脱脂蛋白粉在常温下保存30 d后过氧化值为5.8 mmoL/kg,酸价为3.75 mg KOH/g,12周后半脱脂蛋白粉的NSI含量为71％.

为降低油脂氢化过程中反式脂肪酸的含量,本实验以自制的Pd/碳纳米管(Pd/carbon nanotubes,Pd/CNTs)为催化剂,在催化转移氢化体系中氢化大豆油,通过响应面试验以大豆油碘值为响应值摸索最优工艺条件,同时对催化转移氢化大豆油进行动力学分析.结果 表明:最佳工艺条件为氢化温度84℃、催化剂添加量0.20％(以体系质量计)、甲酸铵供体浓度0.33 mol/50 mL、氢化时间90 min,产品的三烯酸、二烯酸和单烯酸反应速率常数分别为4.9×10-2、8.7×10-3和8.31×10-4,氢化亚麻酸和亚油酸的选择性高达5.63和10.47,氢化后大豆油碘值为95.3 g/100 g,反式脂肪酸相对含量仅为10.2％.采用催化转移氢化的方式进行油脂氢化,对制备低反式氢化油脂具有一定的研究意义和应用前景,也可为油脂氢化工业的发展提供一定的理论依据.

以米糠蛋白为原料,采用转谷氨酰胺酶(TG)将其改性,通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验研究蛋白质质量分数、改性时间及加酶量对改性的米糠蛋白凝胶硬度的影响,并比较改性前、后米糠蛋白的溶解性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性以及持油性等功能性质.结果表明,在蛋白质质量分数12.8％,改性时间3.2 h,加酶量19.7 U/g的条件下得到蛋白质最佳凝胶硬度,即93.58 g.经改性处理后蛋白质持水力增加162％,溶解度增加31.1％,乳化性和乳化稳定性分别提高52.7％,25.4％,起泡性和泡沫稳定性分别提高33.3％,7.2％,持油性提高114％.用扫描电子显微镜观察其微观结构,发现改性的米糠蛋白呈类似海绵结构,其结构有较明显的改善,说明酶法改性米糠蛋白效果显著.

大豆荚数类型和空间分布决定产量的形成.以有一个共同亲本的两个重组自交系群体为遗传材料,按照植株的上、中、下3个部位调查一粒荚、二粒荚、三粒荚和四粒荚的数量,采用完备复合区间作图法进行QTL定位.结果 表明:在两个群体中一粒荚、二粒荚、三粒荚、四粒荚在空间分布存在极显著的变异,部位间不同豆荚类型组成有显著差异,并且两个群体不同类型豆荚在不同部位分布的遗传基础不同,共检测到59个控制荚数性状的QTL,解释了0～11.45％的表型变异;两个群体检测到的荚数QTL中有30个QTL是本研究首次发现的.

中国高等教育和教学改革已进入深水区.研究课堂教学是一切层面的教育改革都无法回避的方面.以提高高等学校公共数学课程课堂教学有效性为最终目的,分析了影响公共数学课程课堂教学有效性的因素.通过对课堂教学问卷调查数据的分析,配合实地听课及专家教学督导访谈,给出了高等学校公共数学课程课堂教学有效性的标准.

The edible oils waste water was treated with inorganic ceramic membrane filtration technology in this study, then it was used for degumming process, Based on single-factor and orthogonal array experiments, the optimal conditions for the enzymatic degumming with the oil wastewater were determined to be: Ceramic membrane process after the alkali refining water adding amount of waste water; 2%; add enzyme quantity: 30 mg/kg; reaction temperature: 45°C; reaction time; 4 h; and stirring speed: 100 r/min. The soybean oil degummed under the optimal conditions showed phosphorus content of 4.15 mg/kg. At the same time, under the 300 kPa of gauge pressure, using the alkali refining washed wastewater treated with ceramic membrane to degum can save the steam consumption (0.016 t/t oil) in the processing of preparing soybean oil.

基于创新人才培养的时代需要与当前研究生课程体系设置的不足之处,提出了构建新型课程体系的一些新看法,希望可以对未来的研究生教育工作提供一些帮助。

Math open experiment,which it is discovery of traditional mathematics education reform and perfect combination of practical problem,the mathematical model,mathematical software and computer language, is the fertile ground that play college students the ability to create and cultivate awareness of innovation.During teaching practice of math open experiment,the go-aheadism of students participating play a decisive role and this is important prerequisite of the sense of innovation to simulate and foster.Guidance of strengthening initiative which student participate becomes a key to math opening experiment.