对于行政发包实践中如何促进事责在纵向上的恰当配置,学界现今仍然鲜有关注."事责逆向回归"是行政发包实践中对事责的纵向调节机制,能够在治理链条的局部区域将下级难以承担的事责自下而上回归至上级部门和主管领导.基于天津市"河长制"的考察,通过案例法、访谈法和文献法等方法从目标设定、检查验收和激励分配三个方面切入,可以发现"事责逆向回归"呈现出下级参与目标设定和对目标进行过滤、行政系统与社会的双重检查和对相关公职人员的全面吸纳、问责压力为主的激励分配和政治推动为保障等特征."事责逆向回归"能够促进事责在纵向上的再次分配,进而提升治理成效;与此同时也体现出新部门在资金、编制管理方面的矛盾以及上级主管领导职责叠加、目标过滤失效等局限.

In this study, we examined the relationship between determinants of governance and poverty reduction. We also investigated how female participation in the labour market helps alleviate poverty. We collected the balanced panel data of 29 countries over the period 2004–2016 from the World Bank database and Worldwide Governance Indicators database. Results indicated that robust governance is necessary for poverty reduction and that policy implementation timeliness is more likely to mitigate poverty. Moreover, the inclusion of females in the labour market and an efficient governance system contribute to enhanced well-being among the poor.

近年来,我国各地相继挂牌成立了社区党群服务中心以助推减负改革,与之同时推行的是基层治理单元中两委领导"一肩挑"政策.既然行政化对参与自主性及助人专业性的侵蚀是基层负担的症结所在,为何又将其作为解决问题的方案?实际上,社区党群服务中心是在复杂环境下欲实现协同增效的政社跨部门组织,理论上可以通过资源整合帮助社区实现减负,但其形成却是政社组织在未经分离状态下的整合,是一种在动员体制下由国家建构的赶超型协同.调研发现,赶超模式下的社区治理呈现出"以政补社"与行政制约的特点,居委会成员面临角色被动扩展、身份层层叠加的困境,社会工作陷入了专业缺位与财政限制的消极循环.基于此,社会工作专业秩序的建立与合理调节跨部门组织中不同制度逻辑的紧张关系成为了亟待探索的议题.

民办高等教育已成为我国高等教育事业的重要组成部分.营造公平、良性、可持续发展的政策环境,成为民办高等教育治理的当务之急.通过梳理变迁脉络及其背后的治理逻辑发现,民办高等教育政策经历了酝酿、构建、转向、重构、创新五个阶段,其制定及其发展深受社会环境、利益冲突和价值前提的影响,并在民办高校属性、"合理回报"等问题上存在模糊不清、诠释灵活甚至矛盾冲突等情况,呈现出明显且多样的"模糊性".民办高等教育这一牵涉众多利益群体的公共领域,正是遵循"模糊性"治理逻辑形成政策系统,该系统两难情境下的策略性模糊和有限理性下的技术性模糊,为民办高等教育的发展提供了更大的包容性和政策空间.

县域医疗共同体通过整合医疗卫生资源、组织重构和功能配置等措施凸显了联防联控的优势,并通过"共管""共助""共防"和信息化助力疫情的精准防控与救治手段,实现了人、财、物、信息、管理等多事项的统一联动.但是,县域医疗共同体在"抗疫"中也暴露出重医轻防、医防衔接不畅,以及制度供给不健全、配套机制和信息化建设不完善等问题,这是县域医疗共同体未来建设与发展的重点.

农业转移人口市民化即转移人口获取城市居民身份与权利、 空间资源及实现城市社会空间融入的发展过程,也是走新型城镇化道路与实现城市可持续发展的过程.伴随中国城镇化步伐的加快与市民化历程的前行,涌入城市的亿万农业转移人口在市民化进程中面临地理区位空间的非公正分配,城市社会人文空间的非公正包容及城市权利非公正赋予的城市空间正义缺失困境,这些都严重阻抑了农业转移人口市民化进程的进一步发展.从空间正义的理论视角出发,实现转移人口市民化的进一步发展需要以"以人为本"的理念引导空间融合与重构,以"城市包容"的思维推动转移人口城市空间的变迁发展,以法律原则、 制度保障转移人口的城市空间权益.

《立法法》于2015年作出修改,赋予了所有设区的市行政立法权,并以第82条对其权限作出了限定.这种"欲放还收"的制度设计,是基于现实的阶段性选择,而非理论逻辑推演的结果.实证分析表明,《立法法》对设区的市政府规章事项范围的限制性规定,影响或制约了地方立法的主动性和积极性.为有效满足地方政府的立法需求,应首先基于解释论,对事项范围作扩大解释.在解释困境客观存在的情况下,转换视角至立法论,考虑取消对事项类型的列举式规定,赋予设区的市政府规章立项裁量权,在多元主体的互动中明确立法需求.以地方性问题的解决为出发点,确定与政府职能相契合的事项范围,聚焦内容的合法性、合理性及其治理实效,以此来发挥规章在设区的市政府治理中的积极作用.

As a word derived from English,transition can indicate two meanings.One is transformation that means something changing it′s quality.The other is transition that means something changing from one state to another.Chinese scholars have used this word in both senses on different occasions.In the theory research and the practical exploration of government reform,some consider transformation or transition of the government as the change of government function.However,according to the meaning of transition,government transition should be defined as the transition of government administration modes.

创业课程是创业教育实施的载体,其内容、设置与实施是否科学、合理直接决定着创业教育的效果。我国高校近年来在创业课程的推进方面取得了显著成绩,但创业课程开设仍然零散,缺乏整体规划和系统推进的思路,至今尚未形成课程之间有机融合的创业课程群。对此,有必要从课程内容、设置与实施三个相互关联又逐层递进的层面,提炼创业课程的"三维"复合、"圆形"融合和分段"普及"三项基本设计原则,以期完善我国创业教育的课程体系。

It is a necessary way for enhancing the competitiveness of Chinese local government to construct a service-oriented government and improve the public service system.Based on the definition analysis of local government competitiveness,under the perspective of practice of Chinese local government along with public goods supply structure,the improvement of local government competitiveness under the concept of service-oriented government consists of three levels.The first level is Base-level which includes infrastructure and preferential policy;the second level is developmental-level which stresses institution building and administrative service;the third level is senior-level that encourages democratic participation and response.In this framework,to solve the problems of competitiveness of local government,the key point is to optimize the local public goods supply structure in accordance with local economy.Specifically,pay more importance on institution building,administrative service and democratic participation as well as infrastructure and preferential policy.

As an information platform based on Internet technology,the micro-blogging provides the possibility of communication between the government and the society on issues of public management and service.In an era of information technology like today,the growing micro-blogging interaction is unavoidable,with its own advantages and limitations as a communicating platform on public issues between government and society.It should be an important behavior preference and method choice for the government to use and guide the micro-blogging media for the reform and improvement of government administration.

With the increasing demand for government to improve its management and service ability and to reduce its administrative costs,and with the enhancement of citizen participation consciousness in economic globalization and information age,as well as with the increasing pressure among the hierarchical governments,the government affairs outsourcing has become a new effective governance tool gradually,and its field and scope are also developed unceasingly.Based on all those above,this article analyzes current development status and motivation of government affairs outsourcing and discusses about its triple-dimensioned considerations: publicity,efficiency and legitimacy.Then,the article puts forward three approaches to realize the government affairs outsourcing: clarify government responsibility,enhance government capability,and realize administration according to law.

从阐述组织群生态理论基本观点出发,分析目前高校发展中存在的高校之间以及高校与政府之间的制度同形,及由此对高校的教学和科研功能的发挥,对高校的组织结构和组织文化所造成的影响。从全面战略和专门化战略两个方面对高校的核心价值观、教学与科研、市场应对能力进行规划,引入合理的竞争机制,以确保改革目标的实现。

Accountability is both an effective method and an opportunity to establish modern democratic politics.From an academic theory to an important institution in the current administrative system,accountability experienced a long development process and is playing a significant role in the on-going governmental system reformation of China.This article briefly reviews the contents,implications and theoretical basis of accountability,then makes a further discussion upon the improvement of constitutional system,the regulation of institutional arrangement,and the establishment of accountability culture in the society,based on which the author further analyzes both the apparent and hidden functions of accountability applications,then concludes that the basic significance of accountability is that by promoting political system reformation and establishing a culture of responsibility,restrictions should be put onto public authority in order to protect basic human rights more effectively.

With the development of market economy,commercial bribery has gradually become a hard nut to crack for society.As a result,the legislation and the management against the commercial bribery were reinforced by the government.However,the effect was not remarkable.The soft law,which is multidimensional,negotiable and open,can build a unified value system to facilitate eradicating commercial bribery.The successful experience of soft law governance on commercial bribery from foreign organizations and countries,such as Transparency International,Japan,South Korea and so on,can bring us a beneficial enlightenment.Therefore,China should take advantage of soft law to construct a unified set of rules against the commercial bribery,in order to combat the breeding and spreading of commercial bribery.

Since the reform and opening up in 1978,the reform of China's administrative system is carried out around organization,function and public service. Governmental organization system is being optimized further,an important step has been taken in the transformation of governmental function,the structure of civil servants is further improved,and democratic decision has been bettered. This paper discusses the object realization of the reform and the existing problems and also gives a prospect to the future object.

Super-Ministry reform,which directs the way of both central and local institutional reforms of Chinese government,requires certain conditions.This reform is supposed to address all the related problems inside and outside the administrative system,instead of being confined to the internal part.While relevant issues such as accurate definition of departmental function,scientific demarcation of power and responsibility,coordination of inter-departmental relations,appropriate scales of organizations,as well as proper organization establishment are involved inside the administrative system,the reform outside the system calls for the maturity of market economy,the accomplishment of regulation system,the development of civil organizations and the advancement of credit system.To draw a conclusion,Super Ministry reform will hardly be successfully carried out unless conditions mentioned above are properly provided.

<正>建国以来,我国的中央和地方行政体制走过了一条曲折的发展道路。在新中国建国60年之际,总结60年来中央与地方行政体制调整的经验和教训,在科学发展观的指导下,结合当前国内建设的需要,探讨未来中央与地方行政体制调整的发展趋势,具有重要的理论意义和现实价值。

Government affairs service center have come into being one after another since 1990.Guided by the spirit of service and convenience,a large number of items to examined and approved by different governmental departments are put under the management,coordination and supervision by the service center where such items can be handled in a intensive way.The paper makes an analysis of this new mode of public service by expounding its development, effects,shortcomings as well as countermeasures to be taken.

Service-oriented government have exceeded the discussion between scholars and become a real strategic target of Chinese government.However,Chinese administrative value,the government behavior mode,finance mechanism and human resources mechanism,etc.lasting several decades have became a huge obstacle in the construction of the service-oriented government.Therefore,we must construct and perfect the related mechanism turning the construction of service-oriented government into a urgent task.The strategic mechanism plays a steering role;the administration plays a regulation role;the evaluation mechanism and the outside pressure mechanism can play the role of the catalysis.And all these would be expected to propel the process of construction of such government.