Surface defect segmentation of Nuclear Fuel Pellets (NFPs) is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of nuclear reactors. However, due to the small size and dark color of NFPs, the contrast between defects and the background is extremely low, making conventional optical imaging techniques and detection algorithms ineffective. To address this challenge, this paper developed a Structured Light Imaging Device (SLD) and proposed an efficient segmentation approach, the ICA-DeepLab model. The SLD utilizes dual-modal coded structured light imaging to actively capture defect depth information while reducing background complexity. The proposed model employs a lightweight feature extraction network as the backbone, incorporates an improved coordinate attention mechanism, and redesigns the loss function to better capture the spatial structure and positional information of structured light images, significantly enhancing defect segmentation performance. Comparison experiments with other imaging methods demonstrate that structured light imaging provides superior detection accuracy. Compared to state-of-the-art segmentation models, the proposed approach is more efficient and achieves higher accuracy, attaining an F1 score of 98.6%, a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 97.5 %, and a frame rate of 11.7f/s. Generalization experiments indicate that the proposed approach exhibits strong adaptability to NFPs of different sizes and surface properties. The method has been successfully applied in nuclear fuel production and shows great potential for broader industrial applications.

Surface defect detection of nuclear fuel pellets is crucial for the efficient and safe operation of nuclear reactors. In this study, a defect detection method based on structured light and convolutional neural network is proposed to address the challenges posed by small-sized fuel pellets, varying forms and sizes of pellet end face defects, and complex background environments. The method utilizes DLP technology and a Scheimpflug lens to construct a high-performance structured light imaging device. Subsequently, a deep network model named Defect-Deepf.abv. + is designed for processing structured light images. Building upon DeepLab $3+$ , the network adopts MobilenetV2 as the encoder backbone and incorporates the CBAM attention mechanism, effectively enhancing defect segmentation accuracy. The experimental results show that our method achieves an F1 score of 95.6% on structured light images. Moreover, the detection time for a single pellet is less than 1 second, meeting the real-time quality inspection demands of the production line for nuclear fuel pellets.

Accurate classification of lung nodules can lead to a more favorable diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer. In this study, an accurate classification of nodules and non‐nodules based on radiomics and machine learning algorithms has been presented. We validate our method on 4999 nodule candidates and use accuracy, recall, precision, f1‐score, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as evaluation metrics. Experimental results manifest that for most classifiers, recursive feature elimination (RFE) has higher AUC values than chi‐square test and principal component analysis, selecting 15 features is better in AUC than 10 features and 20 features and the ratio between training data set and testing data set of 9:1 has the best predictive performance. When the feature selection method is RFE, the number of features is 15 and the ratio is 9:1, random forest has the highest AUC value (0.9536), accuracy (0.9580), recall (0.9893), precision (0.9392), and f1‐score (0.9636).

目的:探讨进展期胃上部癌新辅助化疗(NAC)联合腹腔镜胃癌根治术的可行性.方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2017年10月在郑州大学附属肿瘤医院接受NAC后行胃癌根治术并D2淋巴清扫的进展期胃上部癌患者193例的临床资料,行腹腔镜手术者76例,行开腹手术者117例;患者均采用SOX或XELOX方案进行NAC.使用倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)对两组进行1:1匹配得到组间协变量均衡的样本,比较两组患者术中情况、术后恢复情况及预后.结果:PSM后,共138例纳入本研究,腹腔镜和开腹组各69例.腹腔镜组较开腹组手术时间长、术后胃肠功能恢复时间快(P<0.05).腹腔镜组和开腹组3 a无复发生存率分别为68.6％、67.1％,3 a总生存率分别为75.8％和77.6％,两组生存曲线比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:NAC联合腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗进展期胃上部癌安全可行.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a radiomics model based on multiregional and multiparametric MRI to classify paediatric posterior fossa tumours (PPFTs), explore the contribution of different MR sequences and tumour subregions in tumour classification, and examine whether contrast-enhanced T-1 weighted (T1C) images have irreplaceable added value. Methods: This retrospective study of 136 PPFTs extracted 11,958 multiregional (enhanced, non-enhanced, and total tumour) features from multiparametric MRI (T-1- and T-2 weighted, T1C, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and diffusion-weighted images). These features were subjected to fast correlation based feature selection and classified by a support vector machine based on different tasks. Diagnostic performances of multiregional and multiparametric MRI features, different sequences, and different tumoral regions were evaluated using multi class and one vs-rest strategies. Results: The established model achieved an overall area under the curve (AUC) of 0.977 in the validation cohort. The performance of PPFTs significantly improved after replacing T1C with apparent diffusion coefficient maps added into the plain scan sequences (AUC from 0.812 to 0.917). When oedema features were added to contrast enhancing tumour volume, the performance did not significantly improve. Conclusion: The radiomics model built by multiregional and multiparametric MRI features allows for the excellent distinction of different PPFTs and provides valuable references for the rational adoption of MR sequences. Advances in knowledge: This study emphasized that T1C has limited added value in predicting PPFTs and should be cautiously adopted. Selecting optimal MR sequences may help guide clinicians to better allocate acquisition sequences and reduce medical costs.

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)是临床比较常见的心脏疾病,主要是冠状动脉功能性或器质性病变所致冠状动脉血供与心肌需求之间紊乱,进而诱发心肌损害[1].本病在中老年人群中发病率较高,而且也是一种病死率较高的心脏疾病,严重影响患者的正常生活,需尽早明确诊断与治疗.

目的:探讨ypTNM分期联合肿瘤退缩分级(tumor regression grade,TRG)将当前系统进一步划分和扩展,评估不同亚组患者预后.方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年2月在郑州大学附属肿瘤医院接受新辅助化疗后行手术治疗的局部进展期胃癌患者的临床资料.根据AJCC第8版ypTNM分期以及AJCC-TRG标准对术后组织标本重新评价.根据患者新辅助化疗术后ypTNM分期联合TRG,将该系统分为9个不同亚组.采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线计算ypTNM各分期联合AJCC-TRG评估相同分期患者的3年、5年总生存(overall survival,OS)率以及中位生存时间(median overall survival,mOS),并根据结果将ypTNM各分期系统进一步划分和扩展,筛选出预后最差亚组患者.结果:共纳入424例患者,其中男性330例,女性94例,中位年龄60岁.中位生存时间为40个月.相同ypTNM分期不同TRG亚组,Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示:ypTNM Ⅰ期:TRG1与TRG2患者OS(P=0.715)之间的差异无统计学意义,TRG1与TRG3患者OS(P=0.001)以及TRG2与TRG3患者OS(P=0.001)之间的差异均具有统计学意义,且TRG3组预后最差(mOS为23个月);ypTNMⅡ期:TRG1与TRG2患者OS(P=0.105)之间的差异无统计学意义,TRG1与TRG3患者OS (P＜0.001)以及TRG2与TRG3患者OS (P=0.006)之间的差异均具有统计学意义,且TRG3组预后最差(3个亚组mOS分别为79、52和35个月);ypTNMⅢ期:TRG1与TRG2患者OS (P=0.001)、TRG1与TRG3患者OS (P＜0.001)以及TRG2与TRG3患者OS (P＜0.001)之间的差异均具有统计学意义,且TRG3组预后最差(3个亚组mOS分别为51、23、15个月).结论:ypTNM分期联合AJCC-TRG分级可将相同分期患者进一步划分和扩展,并筛选出预后最差亚组患者,有助于临床医生判断患者病情,给予个体化治疗.

Materials and Methods: Three dimensional (3D) tumors were semi-automatic segmented by radiologists from postcontrast T1weighted images and apparent diffusion coefficient maps in 51 patients (24 EPs, 27 MBs). Then, we extracted radiomics features and further reduced them by three feature selection methods. For each feature selection method, 4 classifiers were adopted which yield 12 different models. After extensive crossvalidation, pairwise test were carried out in receiver operating characteristic curves to explore performance of these models. Results: The radiomics model built with multivariable logistic regression as feature selection method and random forests as classifier had the best performance, area under the curve achieved 0.91 (95 % confidence interval 0.787-0.968). Five relevant features were highly correlated to discriminate EP and MB, which may used as imaging biomarkers to predict the kinds of tumors. Conclusion: The combination of radiomics and machine-learning approach on 3D multimodal MRI could well distinguish EP and MB of childhood, which assistant doctors in clinical diagnosis. Since there is no uniform model to obtained best performance for every specific data set, it is necessary to try different combination methods. Key Words: Pediatric posterior fossa tumors; Ependymoma; Medulloblastoma; Machine-learning; Radiomics. ? 2020 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Rationale and Objectives: Ependymoma (EP) and medulloblastoma (MB) of children are similar in age, location, manifestations and symptoms. Therefore, it is difficult to differentiate them through visual observation in clinical diagnosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of radiomics and machine-learning techniques on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in distinguish EP Rationale and Objectives: Ependymoma (EP) and medulloblastoma (MB) of children are similar in age, location, manifestations and symptoms. Therefore, it is difficult to differentiate them through visual observation in clinical diagnosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of radiomics and machine-learning techniques on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in distinguish EP from MB. Materials and Methods: Three dimensional (3D) tumors were semi-automatic segmented by radiologists from postcontrast T1 weighted images and apparent diffusion coefficient maps in 51 patients (24 EPs, 27 MBs). Then, we extracted radiomics features and further reduced them by three feature selection methods. For each feature selection method, 4 classifiers were adopted which yield 12 different models. After extensive crossvalidation, pairwise test were carried out in receiver operating characteristic curves to explore performance of these models. Results: The radiomics model built with multivariable logistic regression as feature selection method and random forests as classifier had the best performance, area under the curve achieved 0.91 (95 % confidence interval 0.787-0.968). Five relevant features were highly correlated to discriminate EP and MB, which may used as imaging biomarkers to predict the kinds of tumors. Conclusion: The combination of radiomics and machine-learning approach on 3D multimodal MRI could well distinguish EP and MB of childhood, which assistant doctors in clinical diagnosis. Since there is no uniform model to obtained best performance for every specific data set, it is necessary to try different combination methods. (c) 2020 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

腹膜后肿瘤手术治疗以传统开放为主,近年来,随着腔镜技术的提高,陆续有腹腔镜手术治疗原发性腹膜后肿瘤的报道[1]. 由于腹膜后解剖结构复杂,手术难度较大,开展此类手术者为数尚少,特别是位于腹膜后大血管周围的肿瘤,2016 年7 月 ～2017年7月我们应用腹腔镜手术成功施行腹主动脉区腹膜后肿瘤切除术4例,现报道如下.

背景:阿霉素能够抑制骨肉瘤细胞的增殖,但是阿霉素对骨肉瘤干细胞的作用以及依维莫司联合阿霉素对骨肉瘤干细胞的作用未见报道.目的:研究mTOR通路抑制剂依维莫司联合骨肉瘤化疗一线药物阿霉素对骨肉瘤干细胞增殖及侵袭的影响.方法:用免疫磁珠分选法分离人骨肉瘤细胞株MG63中的CD133+骨肉瘤干细胞.MTT检测0,0.1,0.2,0.4 mg/L阿霉素以及0.2 mg/L阿霉素+20 μmol/L依维莫司对骨肉瘤干细胞增殖的影响.Transwell小室检测0.2 mg/L阿霉素和0.2 mg/L阿霉素+20 μmol/L依维莫司对骨肉瘤干细胞侵袭的影响.Western Blot检测0.2 mg/L阿霉素和0.2 mg/L阿霉素+20 μmol/L依维莫司对骨肉瘤干细胞增殖细胞核抗原、基质金属蛋白酶蛋白表达的影响.结果与结论:①阿霉素能在一定质量浓度下抑制骨肉瘤干细胞的增殖,且依维莫司联合阿霉素较单独使用阿霉素时明显抑制骨肉瘤干细胞的增殖,说明依维莫司能够增强阿霉素对骨肉瘤干细胞增殖的抑制作用;②与单独使用阿霉素比较,依维莫司联合阿霉素作用于骨肉瘤干细胞后侵袭细胞数明显减少;③依维莫司联合阿霉素显著抑制骨肉瘤干细胞增殖细胞核抗原、基质金属蛋白酶蛋白的表达,提示依维莫司能够增强阿霉素抑制骨肉瘤干细胞增殖与侵袭的能力.

目的:探讨不同手术方法在腹主动脉区腹膜后肿瘤切除术中的应用价值.方法:回顾分析2015年1月至2017年7月收治的32例腹主动脉区腹膜后肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中24例行开放手术(开放组),8例行腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜组).分析术中情况、术后恢复情况,总结手术效果.结果:手术均获成功,均未发生严重并发症.开放组与腹腔镜组术中出血量[(195.0±154.2)mL vs.(51.3±33.6)mL,P=0.000]、切口长度[(21.3±5.8)cm vs.(5.9±1.7)cm,P=0.022]差异有统计学意义.两组手术时间[(112.3±48.0)min vs.(106.3±48.4)min]、术后胃肠功能恢复时间[(58.9±14.9)h vs.(43.0±11.8)h]、术后住院时间[(5.9±1.0)d vs.(3.6±0.5)d]差异无统计学意义.结论:开放手术及腹腔镜手术治疗腹主动脉区腹膜后肿瘤效果均较理想,腹腔镜手术在术中出血量、切口长度方面较开放组具有明显优势,且在术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间方面具有潜在优势,适于肿瘤较小且倾向良性的患者,可在有经验的中心开展.

A 400 MeV/u carbon ion beam incident on a water phantom was simulated with GATE/Geant4 to calculate the energy spectra of 12C and its fragments at various depths. Based on the energy spectra, the DNA double strand break (DSB) yields from 12C and its fragments were calculated with Monte Carlo Damage Simulation (MCDS) code. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) distributions for 12C and its fragments were calculated from the DSB yields. The DNA damages from each type of the particles and their contribution to the total DNA damages at various depths were calculated from the DSB yields and dose distributions. These characteristics of 12C and its fragments are important for understanding the corresponding RBEs and the DNA damages. The purpose of this work was to obtain the RBEs and the DNA damage distributions of carbon ions and their fragments in beams used in radiotherapy by means of simulating the macroscopic phantom and microscopic cells. The simulation method can be easily extended by changing some parameters.

为减少农药使用量并减轻农药污染,采用模拟渗透吸收法,以苹果离体角质膜为试验材料,探究磷酸三丁酯(TBP)、癸二酸二乙酯(DES)、癸二酸二丁酯(DBS)及复合助剂Ⅰ、复合助剂Ⅱ对除草剂苯磺隆渗透作用的影响.结果表明:在25℃,湿度60％时5种助剂对除草剂苯磺隆的促渗作用依次为DES＞复合助剂Ⅰ＞复合助剂Ⅱ＞DBS＞TBP,其中,DES的促渗作用最好,为对照的9.37倍,其次是复合助剂Ⅰ和复合助剂Ⅱ,为空白对照的8.87倍和6.33倍,DBS和TBP分别为对照的5.82倍和5.22倍.相对湿度不同对助剂促渗作用影响较大.

在我国,直肠癌发病率约占结直肠癌发病率的65%,其中以腹膜反折平面以下的中低位直肠癌最多,发病率呈逐年上升趋势[1-2].低位直肠癌是指距肛缘7 cm以内的肿瘤,手术是其目前最重要的治疗手段. 1908年,Mile提出Miles术,至今仍是直肠癌的标准术式.但Miles手术造成的永久性造瘘、性功能障碍等有关并发症严重影响了患者生活质量. 1939年,Dixon提出Dixon术,在一定程度上改善了患者生存质量.

目前,关于残胃癌和再发癌的定义说法不一.胃良性溃疡行胃大部切除术后5年以上残胃发生的癌属残胃癌,对胃癌术后的残胃癌,应区分残胃复发癌和残胃癌,胃癌术后5年内发生的癌多为复发,术后10年以上残胃发生的癌称作残胃癌[ 1 ]. 陈峻青等[ 2 ]认为胃良性疾病术后10年以上,残胃内发生的癌称残胃癌;胃癌根治性胃大部切除术后(包括病理学检查,两切断缘均无癌残留),残胃内再度发现的癌称残胃再发癌. 残胃再发癌手术难度大,切除率低,外科治疗原则为根治性残胃全切除术. 近年来,腹腔镜胃癌根治术由于创伤小、疼痛轻、胃肠功能恢复快、机体免疫干扰小、并发症少等优点,在国内外得到快速发展. 腹腔镜胃癌手术技术的成熟促进腹腔镜残胃再发癌手术的开展, 2016 年1 月～2017年4月我们成功施行腹腔镜残胃再发癌切除术4例,近期疗效较好,现报道如下.

目的 探讨术前放疗对直肠癌患者术后排尿功能及性功能的影响.方法 选取普通外科收治的122例男性直肠癌患者,其中放疗组45例,对照组77例,比较两组患者的术前分期、手术方式、肿瘤部位术中出血和手术时间,随访患者的排尿功能及性功能情况.应用SPSS 21.0对数据进行统计学分析.结果 两组患者年龄、术式、肿瘤部位以及手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).放疗组术中出血量(180 ml)大于对照组(120 ml),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).放疗组排尿功能障碍发生率和性功能障碍发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).在cT3患者中,放疗组排尿功能障碍发生率和性功能障碍发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).在cT4患者中,放疗组排尿功能障碍发生率高于对照组(P<0.05),两组性功能障碍发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 术前放疗会影响直肠癌患者术后的排尿功能和性功能,但对术前分期为T4的患者可能有益.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effects of Pinus massoniana bark extract (PMBE) on tumor metastasis in breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro.Methods:Effects of PMBE on the viability of breast cancer MCF-7 cells were detected by MTT assay.Breast cancer cell metastasis after exposure to PMBE were quantified by wound healing and Transwell assays,respectively.The expression of MMM-9 protein were evaluated by western blot.Results:Breast cancer cells after PMBPs treatment showed a dramatic reduction in cell viability in a dose-dependent manner,the IC50 value of PMBP was (71±2.1) μg·mL-1.After cells were treated with 5 and 15 μg·mL-1 PMBE,the cells invasion potentials were also decreased by 25% and 36%,the cell metastatic potentials were also decreased by 59% and 79%,respectively.Conclusion:Our findings indicated that PMBE had potential to develop as an anti-metastatic cancer drug for breast cancer patients.

目的 探讨晚期胃癌采用奥沙利铂联合替吉奥治疗的效果.方法 随机选取我院2014年5月至2015年12月期间收治的50例晚期胃癌患者,分为两组各25例.对照组采用奥沙利铂、 亚叶酸钙和5-氟尿嘧啶治疗,观察组采用奥沙利铂联合替吉奥治疗,比较两组患者的治疗有效率、 疾病控制率及不良反应.结果 在治疗有效率上,观察组为52%,对照组为32%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在疾病控制率上,观察组为76%,对照组为52%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).在不良反应方面,观察组的血小板减少、 恶心呕吐与肝肾功能异常发生率均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 奥沙利铂联合替吉奥治疗晚期胃癌可显著提高治疗有效率和疾病控制率,降低不良反应发生率,具有更好的临床疗效和更高的安全性.

Monte Carlo simulation was an important approach to obtain accurate characteristics of radiotherapy. In this work, a 400MeV/u carbon ion beam incident on water phantom was simulated with Gate/Geant4 tools. The authors obtained the dose distributions of H, He, Li, Be, B, C and their isotopes in water phantom, and drew a conclusion that the dose of 11C was the main reason of causing the embossment of total dose curve around 252mm depth. The authors also studied detailedly the dose contribution distributions, yield distributions and average energy distributions of all kinds of fragments. The information of four distributions was very meaningful for understanding the effect of fragments in carbon ion beam radiotherapy. The method of this simulation was easy to extend. For example, for obtaining a special result, we may change the particle energy, particle type, target material, target geometry, physics process, detector, etc.

Objective To detect the polymorphisms and haplotype of 25 -hydroxyvitamin-D3-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) in Chinese healthy Han population.Methods Two hundred and three Chinese Han healthy volunteers were entrolled in this study.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF -MS) was used to identify the polymorphisms of CYP24A1.The haplotype frequencies were analyzed by Phase 2.1.Results The frequency distribution of CYP24A1 rs1570669,rs34043203,rs3787557,rs6068816 were 36.0％,16.3％,24.4％,31.5％.The frequency distribution of GCTT,GCTC,GCCC,ATTC in CYP24A1 haplotype were 27.7％,17.2％,14.3％,12.5％.Conclusion The frequencies of these variants were high in Chinese healthy Han population.The frequency of GCTT haplotype was high as well.