Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerge as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), attributed to their abundant sodium resources and economical pricing. Among various cathode materials, P2 and O3-type layered oxides have garnered significant attention for their superior electrochemical properties. In this study, NaNi0.5Mn0.45Mg0.05O2 (P2/O3-NMM) cathode material was effectively synthesized using a homogeneous coprecipitation technique with di-n-butylamine as the precipitating agent. The findings indicate that the P2/O3-NMM cathode material synthesized at 850 degrees C for 16 h exhibits a capacity retention of 62.33 % after 200 cycles at a current density of 1 C. The results indicate the biphasic synergy of P2/O3 integrates the rapid Na+ migration of the P2 phase with the high capacity of the O3 phase, substantially improving cathode electrochemical performance. This work provides an effective strategy for developing biphase cathodes in SIBs.

The commercially available graphite anode is widely used due to its cost effectiveness and long cycle life. However, the theoretical specific capacity of graphite is too low to meet the increasing demands of producing higher energy and power densities devices. Consequently, developing novel anode materials with enhanced capacity for various battery systems is essential. In this study, a carbon cloth-wrapped V2O3 micro/nano-structures(V2O3@C-MNS) is prepared via a facial hydrothermal process followed by subsequent high temperature heat treatment. The conductive carbon cloth can not only compensate for the poor electrical conductivity of V2O3 but also mitigate the volume variety during the charge/discharge processes. Moreover, the unique micro/nano-structures characterized by large specific surface area and porous feature can also promote the cycle and rate performance. As a result, the V2O3@C-MNS anode exhibit 946 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.1 ​A ​g−1 for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and 281 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.1 ​A ​g−1 for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This work provides a simple and effective strategy to synthesize higher performance anode material for both LIBs and SIBs, offering valuable insights for the development of advanced electrode materials across various battery systems.

Electroactive microorganisms are a promising approach for treating high-salinity organic wastewater, however, they are highly susceptible to salt stress, which can compromise their metabolic activity. In this paper, biochar supported nano-cerium dioxide catalyst (BC-CeO2) was prepared to strengthen electroactive microorganisms in high salt environment. It was found that BC-CeO2 significantly improved the bioelectrochemical and metabolic activity of microorganisms in high salt environment (600 mM NaCl) compared with the Control. At the initial stage of the reaction, the maximum power density of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) reached 343.21 mW/m2, and the degradation efficiency of norfloxacin (NOR) was 64.8 %, which was 1.7 times that of the Control. The analysis of microbial antioxidant properties demonstrated that BC-CeO2 could significantly increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), effectively enhancing the ability of microorganisms to scavenge reactive oxygen species produced by salt stress. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the abundance of KEGG pathways conducive to microbial growth and metabolism under BC-CeO2 was relatively high, such as biosynthesis of amino acids (ko01230), microbial metabolism in diverse environments (ko01120) and so on. The enrichment of salt tolerant genes further illustrated the strengthening effect of BC-CeO2 on microbial adaptation to high salt environment, including genes related to NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Na+/H+ antiporter, intracellular small molecule compatible substance synthesis and transport related enzyme system and K+ transporter related genes. Furthermore, the activity changes of Na+/K+-ATPase, which regulates cell permeability, in different environments also confirmed this point. This paper provides an effective strategy for enhancing the treatment of high-salt organic wastewater by electroactive microorganisms.

The landfill leachate harbors a substantial volume of pollutants necessitating their eradication prior to environmental release. In this investigation, the electrochemical oxidation of Biologically Treated Landfill Leachate (BTLL), following treatment via Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB). This investigation delved into and compared with the impact of various operational parameters within the electrochemical oxidation process for both Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3 and Ti/PbO2 anodes—namely, current density, duration of operation, sodium chloride concentration, and cathode—on the efficiency of pollutant removal. Additionally, it employed response surface methodology to discern the optimal operational conditions for electrochemical oxidation of landfill leachate. The final experimental results indicate that under a current density of 50 mA/cm2 and an electrolysis time of 4 h, the COD removal rates for Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3 anode and Ti/PbO2 anode were 79.48% and 92.31%, respectively, while the TN removal rates were 57.99% and 57.17%, respectively. Additionally, NH4+-N was completely removed for Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3 anode and Ti/PbO2 anode. Moreover, the former exhibited superior sewage treatment effectiveness when Ni was used as the cathode compared to Pt and steel. Response surface methodology (RSM) identified anode-specific optima: Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3 (34 mA/cm2, 7.3 g/L NaCl) and Ti/PbO2 (38 mA/cm2, 6.0 g/L NaCl), both at 4 h, yielding COD removals of 93.6% and 97.2% (experimentally validated), respectively. This study provides novel theoretical support for the combined treatment of landfill leachate using biotreatment and chemical oxidation processes.

Carbon materials are considered among the most promosing candidates for sodium ion batteries because of their competitive performance. Nevertheless, they suffer from low initial coulombic efficiencies (ICEs) and limited electrochemical performance. Herein, nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCSs) with a distinct porous structure are developed by a template-assisted carbonization of dopamine, followed by a template removal procedure. This advanced structural design, coupled with the surface chemistry of carbonized polydopamine, leads to an impressive ICE of 89.18% and a reversible capacity stabilized at similar to 700 mA h g-1 at 50 mA g-1 after 100 cycles. Compared to commercial hard carbon anodes, NHCSs demonstrate superior rate performance, delivering a capacity of similar to 200 mA g h-1 at 5 A g-1 with minimal capacity fading of similar to 0.057 mA h g-1 per cycle over 1000 cycles. These findings highlight the potential of NHCSs as a high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries, offering both high efficiency and excellent cycling stability. Nitrogen-doped carbon spheres with porous and hollow structure to boost the ICE, capacity and rate performance for sodium ion batteries.

Different manganese salt precursor-doped g-C3N4 catalysts prepared by the mixed calcination method were applied in the heat-assisted visible light catalytic peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation (Heat/Vis/PMS) system for the degradation of diclofenac (DCF). Under this Heat/Vis/PMS system, the CN-Mn-S catalyst using MnSO4 as the manganese salt precursor showed the optimal DCF degradation efficiency (96.9

We herein report five coordination polymers (CPs) and two supramolecular cages based on [MS4Cux](x-2) (M = W, Mo, x = 1, 2, & mldr; 6) units and N-containing ligands, 9,10-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)anthracene (dia), 1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrene (dip), and 1,1 ',1 ''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(methylene))tris(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium) bromide (bmd), and 1,1 ',1 ''-((2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methylene))tris(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium) (mbmd). Compounds 1 and 2 both contain the penta-nuclear [(WS4)Cu-4](2+) cluster unit. The four Cu+ atoms were arranged in a distorted tetrahedron and rectangle around the (WS4)(2-) core in 1 and 2, respectively, affording a 3-connected unit in 1 and a 2-connected unit in 2. Compounds 3, 4 and 5 were built with the tri-topic organic ligand bmd; 3 and 4 contain penta-nuclear [WS4Cu4](2+) units, and 5 contains the hexa-nuclear [MoS4Cu5](3+) unit. However the connectives of the cluster units in 3, 4 and 5 and the final helical chain structures were similar. Compound 6 contains a tetra-nuclear [WS4Cu3I3](2-) unit and positively charged mbmd ligand. The mbmd ligand was in a cis-conformation leading to a supramolecular cage, which accommodated an I- anion as guest. Compound 7 is isostructural to 6 but contains a [WS4Cu3Cl3](2-) cluster unit, mbmd ligand and a Br- free anion. This work demonstrates that the number and arrangement of Cu+ around the (MS4)(2-) core can be varied with the synthesis conditions, affording heterothiometallic [(MS4)Cu-x](x-2) cluster units of versatile geometries and connectivities for building CPs.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) encapsulating enzymatically active biomolecules has emerged as a novel biocompatible nanozyme and offers significant implications for bioanalysis of various biomarkers towards early diagnosis of severe diseases such as cancers. However, the rapid, continuous and scalable synthesis of these nanozymes still remains challenging. In this work, we proposed a novel microfluidic approach for rapid and continuous synthesis of hemin@ZIF-8 nanozyme. By employing a distinctive combination of zigzag-shaped channel and spiral channel with sudden expansion structures, we have enhanced the mixing efficiency within the chip and achieved effective encapsulation of hemin in ZIF-8. The resulting hemin@ZIF-8 nanoparticles exhibit peroxidase-like activity and are capable of detecting free H2O2 with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 45 nM, as well as H2O2 secreted by viable cells with a detection threshold of approximately 10 cells per mL. By leveraging this method, we achieved successful detection of cancer cells and effective screening of anticancer drugs that induce oxidative stress injury in cancer cells. This innovative microfluidic strategy offers a new avenue for synthesizing functional nanocomposites to facilitate the development of next-generation diagnostic tools for early disease detection and personalized medicine. A microfluidic chip featuring zigzag and spiral channels with sudden expansion structures was designed for enhanced reactant mixing to synthesize peroxidase-like hemin@ZIF-8 nanozyme, enabling sensitive ROS detection.

[目的]利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)建立阿维菌素纳米微囊悬浮剂中有效成分阿维菌素的检测方法,并进行优化.[方法]样品经乙腈超声进行破囊提取,采用HPLC法,以乙腈-0.1％甲酸水溶液(体积比90:10)为流动相,使用XDB-C18反相色谱柱和二极管阵列检测器(DAD),在245 nm波长下对样品中的阿维菌素进行测定,外标法定量.[结果]方法的线性相关系数为0.9999;变异系数为0.81％;平均回收率为98.44％.[结论]该检测方法快速、简便,准确度和精密度高,可用于阿维菌素纳米微囊悬浮剂的定量分析.

纳米材料因具备比表面积大、表面活性高等独特的物理化学性质而成为农业领域的应用热点.在正式推广纳米农药产品之前,纳米材料可能存在的健康危害以及纳米农药的风险评估问题有待解决.在此基础上,纳米颗粒的尺寸、形状、表面电荷等表征对农药吸附性、利用度乃至毒性的影响得到关注.本综述旨在总结不同物理化学表征对体外和体内模型毒性的研究概况,深入分析纳米农药与表征相关的健康风险,以便为将来的纳米农药研究和安全性评价提供一定参考.

Catalytic oxidation at room temperature is a promising alternative approach for indoor formaldehyde elimination. However, the development of non-precious metal room temperature catalysts is still highly challenging. In this study, manganese-cerium composite oxides (MC) were developed and optimized. The removal performance of low concentrations of formaldehyde at room temperature was comprehensively evaluated. Formaldehyde removal was achieved with MC under dark at a level comparable to that of the commercial P25 catalyst. The removal efficiency of 90.9% in 24 h at room temperature was obtained for the initial formaldehyde concentration of 1.2 +/- 0.1 ppm. Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, free radicals were confirmed to play a key role in formaldehyde degradation on MC. Formate was detected as the main intermediate product by in situ DRIFTs, and the mechanism of MC catalytic oxidation at room temperature was deduced.

针对MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)加速度计零位偏差重复性等问题,提出了一种基于重力矢量模的无依托静态现场标定方法.建立加速度计误差模型并线性化,以静止状态下加速度计输出重力矢量模不变为约束条件,利用最小二乘方法标定标度因数和零位偏差.在随机噪声强度1mg的条件下,该方法能有效标定零位偏差和标度因数,零位偏差标定精度优于0.1mg.并开展了基于MEMS惯组的实测数据试验,该方法零位偏差的标定精度优于0.1mg.相比传统的转台标定方法,该方法无需依托转台等精密仪器,且能有效解决因零位偏差重复性造成的线下标定精度低等问题,现场性好,在MEMS加速度计标定应用中具有良好工程应用价值.

All-solid-state Li-ion batteries, have become increasingly important because of their highly reliable solid electrolyte materials. Flexible solid polyethylene oxide (PEO) based electrolytes have been widely studied. Nevertheless, this material exhibits low lithium-ion conductivity. Herein, we report the optimisation of the composition of PEO/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based electrolytes to enhance ionic conductivity. When the weight ratio of lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulphonyl)imide and PEO/PVDF is 1:5 (LiTFSI:PEO/PVDF = 1:5), maximum conductivities are 2.98 x 10(-5)S cm(-1)at 30 degrees C and 5.56 x 10(-4)S cm(-1)at 60 degrees C. Furthermore, the all-solid-state battery using this solid electrolyte film, a Li metal anode, and a LiFePO(4)cathode delivers initial discharge capacities of 149.6 mAhg(-1)(0.1 C, 60 degrees C) and 130.2 mAh g(-1)(0.5 C, 60 degrees C). Meanwhile, the solid-state lithium battery also presents good cycling performance and excellent rate capability at 60 degrees C.

In this study, the manganese cobalt composite (Mn-Co)-loaded SiO2, MgO, TiO2, γ-Al2O3 and silicalite-1 were prepared by ultrasonic complexation method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, H2-TPR and XPS, and the activity of catalytic oxidation of toluene was evaluated. It was found that Mn-Co loaded γ-Al2O3 (Mn2CoOx/γ-Al2O3) exhibited excellent catalytic activity. When the gas hour space velocity (GHSV) was 45,000 h−1, the removal rate of toluene reached 91.2% within 5.5 h, and the selectivity of CO2 was 71.10% at ambient temperature. The operation of Mn2CoOx/γ-Al2O3 at different temperatures was investigated, and the better toluene removal efficiency more than 80% after reacting 9h was obtained at 50 °C. The characterization results showed that better catalytic activity is related to smaller grain size, higher Mn3+/Mn4+ values and the relative content of active oxygen species (OII + OIII). Increased amounts of low state species easily led to the imbalance of the catalyst surface charge and promoted the formation of more oxygen vacancies.

在我国,很多在职人员在工作之后选择继续通过成人教育的模式获取更高的学历和能力,成人教育在我国十分普遍,成人教育的教学模式也比较特殊,考虑到这些在职人员存在工与学之间的矛盾,所以大多数的成人教育都会通过线下集中授课与线上网络教学相结合的模式来实现.在成人教育的所有学科中,英语学科是重难点,英语学科是一门综合性非常强的学科,对于"听、说、读、写"等多方面能力要求都非常高.随着互联网不断发展,为英语课程混合教学模式提供了条件,该文将重点阐述成人教育英语课程教学模式现状以及如何利用网络构建成人教育英语课程混合教学模式.

As a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS) has a longer half-life, higher chemical inertness and better skin permeability than BPA, and it also has a strong endocrine disruption effect. Relatively few studies have focused on the main processing technology for BPS biodegradation, and the findings indicate that the biodegradation efficiency of BPS was relatively low. Therefore, this paper used an NZVI-HA composite-modified bio-anode to enhance the anaerobic degradation of BPS in a Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES). The results showed that the degradation efficiency of BPS was improved from 31.1% to 92.2% with the NZVI-HA modification compared with the control group (CC-BES). FTIR and XPS analyzes demonstrated that HA can accelerate the reduction rate of Fe3+ and increase the ratio of Fe2+/Fe3+. In addition, HA can form Fe-O-HA complexes with NZVI to promote electron transfer. An analysis of the NZVI-HA-BES intermediate metabolites revealed that complex modification properties altered the BPS degradation pathway. An analysis of microbial diversity indicated that the bacteria related to the degradation of BPS may be Terrimonas, Lysobacter, and Acidovorax.

纳米农药有分散性好、利用度高的显著优势,是近年来农业生产的应用热点,其风险评估问题得到广泛关注.对氧化胁迫、免疫应答、遮光效应等纳米颗粒的生物毒性机制进行集中综述,同时分析了纳米颗粒在水、地质、大气、生物循环中的迁移、转化及其与自然环境中有机质、无机质的相互作用.为预防及降低纳米农药的施用风险,须在参照传统农药管理的基础上,结合纳米材料的颗粒特性制定新的风险管理方案.

针对中低精度自主导航要求,基于MEMS惯组中的加速度计与磁力计,提出一种基于非机动窗口捕捉的陀螺漂移在线补偿方法.通过加速度计输出值判定飞行状态,捕捉非机动窗口.利用地磁矢量以及重力矢量估计陀螺漂移并修正姿态误差.在陀螺漂移6?/h,磁力计精度100 nT的仿真条件下,能有效估计出陀螺漂移,姿态精度优于3′.在80 mg加速度计噪声干扰下定姿精度优于8′,同等条件下比现有互补滤波算法精度提高50％.基于转台开展了MEMS惯组ADIS16488的物理试验,结果表明,所提出算法能有效修正姿态误差,比现有的互补滤波算法更具有抗机动性.所提出方法完全自主,精度较高,可显著提升中低精度惯组中陀螺的性能,具有工程应用价值.

BACKGROUND Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is refractory, persistent and easy to enrich in anaerobic environments. The urgent need to degrade this refractory organic matter with high efficiency can be met by bioelectrochemical technology. In this paper, the degradation characteristics of DMP under different reaction conditions in bioelectrical reactors (BERs) were studied. RESULTS With operation conditions of 400 mg L-1 DMP, 1.3 V applied voltage and 50 h HRT, the highest removal efficiency of DMP was obtained in a BER (84.0%), which was higher than a conventional anaerobic system (Ana) (68.0%). Phthalic acid, heptanedioic acid and other low molecular weight products of DMP were detected in the BER, which shows that the applied voltage can stimulate the intermediate products of DMP into further degradation. Simultaneously, the abundance of microorganisms in the BER was richer than in the Ana. CONCLUSION The higher removal efficiency of DMP, the further degradation of DMP and the richer abundance of bacteria in the BER indicate that electrochemical methods can promote the intensive removal of DMP. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

A novel Ag3PO4/AgBr composite with Z-Scheme structure was constructed and synthesized via a simple in situ ion-exchange strategy on the surface of Ag3PO4 tetrahedra in an alkaline environment. The as-prepared Ag3PO4/AgBr composite has an intimate contact interface and exhibited enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity, accompanied by superior stability toward degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. Also, a variety of pollutants can be degraded without selectivity, and the degradation efficiency was over 96%. Changes in the bandgap and the detailed degradation mechanism of the Ag3PO4/AgBr composite were analyzed and revealed using characterization analysis, theoretical calculations, and further designed experiments. Sufficient interfacial contact between Ag3PO4 and AgBr was favorable for transferring carriers and lengthening the lifetime of the Z-Scheme system, which simultaneously inhibit photocorrosion and maintain a high degradation rate. The trapping experiments indicate that h(+) is a dominant reactive species for the degradation of MB. This Ag3PO4/AgBr photocatalyst with Z-Scheme structure shows great potential for replication and large scale impact on theenvironmental purification of organic pollutants.