目的:研究基于线性拟合算法的医用输液泵计量校准方法,以降低医用输液泵计量校准误差.方法:根据输液泵输液多种参数有序数据点,采用线性拟合算法,研究数据点所处位置,判断医用输液泵计量是否为失配状态;当医用输液泵计量处于失配状态时,确定医用输液泵计量数学模型,分析数学模型中患者体重、药剂计量、输液瓶容量等变量的不确定度;依据医用输液泵失配和不确定度计算结果,利用反向传播(BP)神经网络的反向传播特点,建立医用输液泵计量校准模型,通过神经网络的正向传播和BP并修正模型权值,校准医用输液泵计量.结果:对比结果表明,本研究方法较甲醇气体检测仪校准方法和药品强光稳定性试验箱校准方法相比,药液滴数不确定度分别减少0.094和0.079;输液稳定性不确定度分别减少0.088和0.054;输液泵参数不确定度分别减少0.118和0.069.结论:基于线性拟合算法的医用输液泵计量校准方法与甲醇气体检测仪校准方法和药品强光稳定性试验箱校准方法相比,其输液泵计量校准误差较小,可满足医用输液泵计量校准需求.

目的:探讨品管圈活动应用于心电监护仪中的效用以及价值.方法:我科自2018年1月按照品管圈活动步骤,明确"提高心电监护仪使用合格率"这一主题,遵循PDCA循环方法,实施持续质量改进,制定科室心电监护仪管理维护制度,落实心电监护仪考核标准,优化心电监护仪交接流程,同时加强对于心电监护仪使用后的性能检测,并最终对应用效果进行评估.结果:由此次研究可知,我科心电监护仪使用合格率、护理人员心电监护仪操作水平较之以往均有了较大水平的提升.结论:品管圈活动能够有效提升心电监护仪使用合格率,提高护理人员心电监护仪理论知识掌握水平以及实际操作水平,并促进工作效率的提升.

目的:对比不同消毒方式对医疗仪器设备的管理与应用探究,本文重点举例卫生湿巾或卫生纱布添加75％ 乙醇后对医疗仪器设备的清洁工作.方法:我院于2016年5月—2017年5月间使用卫生湿巾与卫生纱布蘸取乙醇两种方式对医疗器械进行表面清洁消毒,随后使用生物荧光检测机械对检测消毒后的仪器,实验1组实施纱布蘸取乙醇的消毒方法,实验2组实施卫生湿巾进行消毒工作.对比实施两种消毒手段后医疗仪器的表面污染改善程度;每种消毒方法对临床仪器的使用成本;调查与统计使用此两种方式后,患者与医护人员对仪器使用满意度.结果:实验1组消毒手段实施效果明显低于实验2组,实施实验2组消毒手段后医疗仪器相对光单位(RLU,relative light unit)降低率明显优于实验1组,两组喜爱度方式满意调查度实验2组高于实验1组;实验1组实施卫生纱布加乙醇成本价格高于实验2组实施卫生湿巾手段,各项数据对比两组之间存在差异(P<0.05)具有统计学意义.结论:实验2组消毒手段具有成本低、消毒效果好的特点,而且使用人员体验满意度较高,更加适合用于临床医疗仪器消毒管理工作,具有临床推广价值.

目的 通过建立裸鼠胰腺癌模型,结合磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI),探讨同步辐射X线相衬成像技术对胰腺癌的早期诊断.方法 32只nu/nu雌鼠,采用数字表法随机分为A、B两组:A组(n=24)为人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1胰腺原位移植瘤组,即于胰腺被膜下注射108 ×2 μL单细胞悬浮液;B组(n=8)为空白对照组,即于胰腺被膜下注射2μL 0.9％(质量浓度)氯化钠注射液.再根据术后1、2、3、4周处理时间的不同,将A、B两组分为4个亚组,即A1、A2、A3、A4(n =6)和B1、B2、B3、B4(n=2).术后分别行MRI扫描、肿瘤标本相衬成像及病理学检查.结果 ①A组术后平均成瘤率73％ (16/22),术后4周成瘤率最高,达到100％,成瘤率随观察时间的延长而升高,二者之间存在线性趋势关系(x2线性趋势=4.718,P=0.030);病理组织学检查为胰腺低分化腺癌.②同步辐射X线相衬成像可显示直径为0.5mm的胰腺原位肿瘤,早期(两周)的灵敏度和特异度达到100％,明显高于MRI扫描(P =0.029).结论 PANC-1细胞原位移植是建立裸鼠胰腺癌模型的可靠方法;与MRI相比,同步辐射X线相衬成像能发现胰腺癌微小病变,有可能为胰腺癌的早期诊断提供了一种全新的技术手段.

目的 探讨3.0 T TX磁共振成像(MRI)对7,12-二甲基苯并蒽(DMBA)诱导的大鼠胰腺病损的诊断价值.方法 将DMBA 2 mg/100 g植入60只雄性SD大鼠胰腺,术后2、4、6个月对存活的55只行腹部MRI(3.0 T TX)冠状位、横断位平扫及增强扫描,并与术前10只正常大鼠的MRI比较,随后取胰腺组织行病理检查.结果术后2个月,MRI显示大鼠均出现胰腺形态不规则、腹水、肠管扩张现象;19只行病理检查呈现急、慢性胰腺炎改变.术后4个月,MRI显示33.3%(6/18)的大鼠出现胰腺囊肿,病理检查为胰腺假性囊肿,直径0.3~1.0 cm.术后6个月,38.9%(7/18)的大鼠出现胰腺假性囊肿,MRI表现为较长T1、长T2信号,结节中心低信号,增强扫描后不明显.1只可见胰腺部位肿瘤,直径约0.3 cm;MRI特点为稍长T1、长T2信号,病变信号不均匀,中心呈更长T1信号,增强扫描后病变边缘可见较明显强化,病变内部无明显强化;病理及免疫组化诊断为胰腺平滑肌肉瘤.结论使用3.0 T TX MRI可发现DMBA诱导的大鼠胰腺病损,可分辨直径≤0.5 cm的胰腺部囊肿及肿瘤.

Object: To investigate the statistic relationship between 5 clock positions of CTDI100 and stabilization of radiation. Method: Radiation meter and phantom are used to 12 time repeating tests on the radiation dose of a spiral CT at 5 Clock positions and then one-way ANOVA method is used to character the their difference significance of those 5 clock positions. Result: The relevant standard difference of measurements at 5 test clock positions are 0.33%(center), 0.73%(3 clock), 0.32%(6 clock), 1.00%(9 clock), 0.32%(12 clock) respectively; meanwhile the average of measurements at 3 clock is much close to that at 9 clock and no significant difference is found in one-way ANOVA test;Moreover the relative deviation between mean value of 12 Clock plus 6 Clock and 3 Clock is 0.5%. Conclusion: The tested spiral CT shows good radiation stability and 3 Clock position have equal effect with 9 clock's in CTDI100 measuring, moreover, peripheral CTDI of that can be simplified except for non-acceptance test or operational condition test.

目的 为材料孔隙结构分析软件性能提供一种直观的评价工具.方法 利用三维建模软件构建了数字模型,并在某种商业化的生物医学软件中生成了数字模体.结果 用该方法建立的球形模体测试出该软件孔隙度、比表面积的计算结果非常准确;当孔径与立方体边长一半接近时识别准确度降低;对随着模型孔隙复杂程度增大识别准确性降低.结论 用数字模体作为测试工具不仅可以快捷有效地了解软件孔隙参数分析性能好坏,而且可以作为算法分析和输出数据结果物理含义分析的有效工具.

Objective To assess spatial resolution performance of various iDose reconstruction levels at Brilliance iCT 256 with brain scanning protocol under varied conditions.Methods CT images of brain were obtained using Brilliance iCT 256 and CT image quality phantom test.CT images were reconstructed using iDose 4TMand filter back projection(FBP).Modulation transfer function(MTF)of reconstructed CT images was calculated and compared.Results ①MTF of image with iDose was 1.75%—115.62% greater than FBP at equal radiation dose level.②Spatial resolution in x-O-y plane would decrease at some extend when scanning slice depth decreases.③For varied iDose levels,iDose(6)got the best MTF when slice depth was 0.9mm,while iDose(5)gained the best MTF when slice depth was 2.5mm.④No obvious difference of MTF was found when pitch varied from 0.203to 0.391while voltage,mill-ample multiple second and slice depth constant kept the same.⑤No obvious difference of MTF was found at the same mill-ample multiple second constant and different mill-ample and scanning time.Conclusion iDose can obviously increase spatial resolution at the same dose level,and spatial resolution of CT image with iDose reconstruction is not too much sensitive to pitch and lamp current to some extent. Reconstruction level should suit scanning depth in order to acquire best image quality.

Objective To verify the reported CTDIvol value and explore dose safety managementprotocol of Philips Brilliance iCT 256 under axial scan mode with head protocolMethods A pencil dosimeter,Solidose 400 from Sweden RTI Electronics,is utilized to detect radiation dose index of phantom T6M1 64 (incompliance with IEC standard 61 223-2-6,provided by National Institute of Metrology of China)when scannedby iCT 256 under head axial protocolResults (1)Relative deviation of CTDI1 00 in the center point is about 2%and those in the peripheral 4 points are about 20% (2)Tested CTDIvol value is 5% ~1 6% greater thanreported value(3) Effective absorbing dose during one head axial scanning is about 086 mGy to 363mGyConclusions Accuracy of CTDI1 00 measurement in the center point is better than the peripheral fourpointsTested CTDIvol value might be greater than reported CTDIvol in certain conditions and supervision onaccumulated radiation dose of patient should be recommended.

Objective：d ionization chamber and X-ray beam plane on relevant deviation（RD）,on behalf of the accuracy of CTDIw measurement,while The influence of offset distance（OD）between the center of pencile conducting axial scanning with multi-detector CT.Method：A head phantom（in compliance with ICE standard） and penciled ionization chamber are utilized to measure the CTDIw at variant OD with Philip Brilliance iCT256 using axial scanning,meanwhile,impact factors on RD were analyzed.Result：when offset distance（OD）equal to ±1 cm,the relevant deviation（RD）within the range of±5%;when OD equal to±3 cm,RD within the range of -5%~15%,and when OD equal to±5 cm,RD within the range of 40%~70%.Conclusion：OD is considered as a main impact factor to RD,while the milliampere time second（mAs）and tube voltage have little relevance on RD. However,mAs and tube voltage might affect the value range of RD at a certain OD.More importantly,dose distribution along Z axial exhibits asymmetry.

Objective To explore the influence law of offset distance(Do) between ionization chamber center scale and X-ray beam plane of multi-slices CT to the CTDI100 measurement result.Methods Head body mold(T6M164) and long pole ionization chamber,which meet IEC standards,are used to measure the CTDI100 value of Philips Brilliance iCT 256 on axial scanning condition of different offset distance.Results when Do is 1cm,relevant deviation(Dr) is 0%～5%,when Do is 3cm,Dr is 5%～15%,and when Do is 5cm,Dr is 25%～75%.Conclusion The measurement result of CTDI100 has greater sensitivity for Do,which means the operator should make sure no deviation exist between X-ray beam and ionization chamber center,besides,more attention should be paid to radiation dose in penumbra area.Scattering beam causes the measurement of CTDI100 at 4 points around more discrete,effect of bed to measurement result shows that symmetry of CTDI100 at 4 points outside the center reduces.

目的 介绍了一种用半导体电离室测量多排CT辐射剂量的原理和方法,为完善我国现有医疗CT检测规范提供技术信息.方法 通过介绍X射线辐射剂量计Barracuda的测量原理和多排CT辐射剂量测量的参数设置依据,并结合在Philip Brilliance iCT 256机器上的应用实例,阐述了用半导体电离室的探测器测量多排CT辐射剂量的关键技术.结果 基于CT扫描参数合理设置探测器参数后,多排CT辐射剂量空间分布情况得以较好展示.100 mm长杆空气电离室的测量范围远小于多排CT线束覆盖范围,需要对多排CT辐射剂量测量方法和技术进行更新.结论 新型探测器有利于揭示多排CT辐射剂量的特性规律.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a very important technology for clinical medicine. The quality of MRI system can affect the clinical diagnose. This paper describes briefly the quality control methods for MRI system and its influence factors.

Acquires the image data of 5000 persons from 25 hospitals all over the country and establishes the image database manage- ment system of normal human brain's MRI,based on DICOM image special information and using Microsoft SQL server 2000 and a sys- tem with GUI interface to implement the input,storage and query of data,being the important foundation to establish a retrieval system in future.

X线乳腺摄影是乳腺影像学检查的主要手段,虽然当前医学影像学检查的方法和技术发展速度很快,很多新的成像技术和方法不断应用于乳腺影像学检查当中,但是乳腺X线摄影在乳腺检查中,还是具有其他成像技术所不可替代的作用.为了便于大家对X线乳腺摄影质量控制与评价的了解,下面对影响X线乳腺成像质量的因素、X线乳腺摄影控制与评价的原则、X线乳腺摄影质量的评估准则和乳腺摄影成像质量的鉴定模型分析这5个方面做系统介绍.

A linear recognition method was developed to analyze brain DT-MRI(diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging) of Alzheimer's disease for computer aided diagnosis.Nine Alzheimer's patients and nine controls received DT-MRI scanning in a 1.5 T MRI system.The appearance diffusion coefficient and the fractional anisotropy were measured for the splenium of the corpus callosum,the genu of the corpus callosum,and the hippocampus.These 2 parameters of the 3 fields were used to statistically train the model.The cross validation method with leave-one-out was used to estimate the recognition rate,with an accuracy of 83.3%. The results show that the recognition method can assist doctors with Alzheimer's diagnosis and that DT-MRI can reflect the abnormalities of Alzheimer's patients brains.

乳腺钼靶图像的数字化主要有CR(computer radiography)和DR(digital radiography).基于人眼视觉响应特性的数字图像的灰阶对比度增强,可达到提高图像灰阶对比度的效果,使图像中一些常被其他组织掩盖的微小病灶得到显现[1].

This article illustrates the characters of C/S model based on XML in the Web and Hospital Information Sysˉtem and points out that the application of the C/S model based on XML in HIS will makes it more powerful.

Geometric distortion is one of the most important criteria for evaluating computer radiography (CR) imaging quality. A two-step sort order method was developed to calculate the elliptical geometrical distortion in an X-ray image. The method was used to calculate the geometric distortion of CR mammogram images. The measured data was then compared with standard mammograms with the same imaging conditions. Analysis of 56 CR images indicated that the geometrical distortion was less then the geometrical distortion detectable by the human eye. The results demonstrate that CR images are suitable for diagnosis of breast cancer.

Modulation Transfer Function of ultrasonic imaging system is calculated by two methods using multi-tissue ultrasound phantom. The first, we look resolution target of phantom as changing input with spatial frequency, calculate MTF of ultrasound system by contrast method. The second, we construct the line spread function of ultrasound system using horizontal plane target and vertical plane target of phantom, then transform it by Fourier transform method, then we obtain the MTF of system. At last, we analyze the results of two methods.