为了解同期发情处理的河流型水牛血液激素变化情况,本试验在夏季选用2种同期发情方案,分别为Ovsynch法(GnRH/PGF/GnRH)和CIDR-Ovsynch法(CIDR/GnRH/PGF/GnRH),对22头健康河流型水牛(摩拉和尼里-拉菲水牛各11头)进行同期发情处理,然后用B型超声波对卵泡发育和排卵进行监测并采集血液测定生殖激素含量.结果显示:Ovsynch法的发情率为91.67％(11/12),排卵率为75.00％(9/12);CIDR法的发情率为100％(10/10),排卵率为40.00％(4/10);摩拉水牛的发情率和排卵率(100％和81.82％)均高于尼里-拉菲水牛(90.91％和36.36％);在不同时间段中,2种方法处理后排卵和不排卵的水牛生殖激素均有一定差异,排卵水牛促卵泡素(FSH)在9～11 d呈逐渐下降趋势,且第11天浓度小于不排卵水牛,雌二醇(E2)浓度在7～12 d呈逐渐上升趋势,且第10～11天浓度大幅上升并高于不排卵水牛,胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)浓度总体呈逐渐上升趋势,且第10～12天的浓度高于不排卵水牛;不排卵水牛FSH浓度在9～12 d呈小幅度波动变化,E2浓度在10～12 d呈小幅度波动上升,IGF-1浓度在7～12 d呈波动上升趋势.综上所述,河流型水牛用Ovsynch法比CIDR法的发情排卵效果好,摩拉水牛的同期发情排卵效果优于尼里-拉菲水牛;同期发情处理后正常排卵的河流型水牛在排卵前具有明显的FSH浓度下降以及E2、IGF-1浓度上升规律.

[目的]试验旨在探究热应激条件下摩拉和尼里-拉菲水牛的血液生化指标变化规律.[方法]选取体况相近的健康摩拉和尼里-拉菲水牛各11头.试验期划分为热应激期和非应激期,并于各试验期分别进行4次采血,每次间隔1周.测定血清激素浓度、抗氧化指标和离子浓度等生化指标.[结果]摩拉水牛热应激期血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及总胆固醇(CHOL)、丙二醛(MDA)、热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)、钾离子(K)、钠离子(Na+)、氯离子(Cl)含量均显著高于非应激期(P＜0.05),谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、皮质醇(CORT)、瘦素(LEP)、钙离子(Cf+)含量均显著低于非应激期(P＜0.05);尼里-拉菲水牛热应激期血清白蛋白(ALB)、CHOL水平及谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)活性均显著高于非应激期(P＜0.05),球蛋白(GLOB)含量显著低于非应激期(P＜0.05).在热应激期,摩拉水牛ALT活性及总蛋白(TP)、GLOB、CHOL、尿素氮(BUN)、甘油三酯(TG)含量均显著高于尼里-拉菲水牛(P＜0.05),ALB、四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)、K+含量均显著低于尼里-拉菲水牛(P＜0.05);在非应激期,摩拉水牛ALT活性、BUN、TG、葡萄糖(GLU)含量及T-AOC均显著高于尼里-拉菲水牛(P＜0.05).[结论]热应激降低了摩拉和尼里-拉菲水牛的内分泌激素水平和抗氧化能力并影响了机体电解质平衡,尼里-拉菲水牛的免疫功能也有一定下降;在热应激条件下,摩拉水牛表现出更强的清除自由基能力,尼里-拉菲水牛表现出更好的代谢、体温调节能力以及电解质代偿能力.

在畜牧生产中,繁殖性状是一个非常重要的经济性状,繁殖性能的高低与动物生产效益密切相关.水牛是我国南方重要的物种资源,它具有耐粗饲、适应性强和易饲养等特点.而且水牛肉肉质鲜美,易于消化;水牛奶更是营养丰富全面,是制作高档奶制品的优质原料,一直以来,深受广大消费者青睐.然而,尽管我国水牛存栏量多,但水牛繁殖力低,一直是制约水牛产业发展的重要因素.如何提高水牛繁殖性能已成为当下研究的重点.为此,本文主要从分子水平上对近年来水牛繁殖性状相关基因的研究进展做一概述,并展望其应用前景.

武宣县是广西第一个发展优质肉牛产业县,为了解武宣县肉用水牛养殖现状和存在的问题,通过发放调研表、电话咨询、实地考察等方法,系统分析了武宣县肉用水牛存栏量、出栏量、产值、分布区域、杂交改良、存在的主要问题等情况,介绍了武宣县发展肉用水牛产业的有利条件及经验方法,提出了武宣县肉用水牛产业发展的对策及建议,以期为武宣县肉用水牛产业的快速发展提供参考.

本文介绍了世界奶水产业概况及我国奶水牛业在世界奶水牛业中的地位,全面介绍了我国奶水牛业发展情况,重点阐述了和奶水牛业发展历程,并就更好地发展奶水牛产业提出建议.

为探讨岸杂1号狗牙根牧草在广西地区的适宜性,并测定其不同时期的产量及营养价值,探索出最适刈割时期.本试验在斜坡的山地上,通过岸杂1号狗牙根种植观察,测定生物产量、株高、分蘖、常规营养价值等指标.结果表明,岸杂1号狗牙根适宜在广西地区种植,且在袜高80cm时,较其他种植高度的鲜草产量高,一茬达22.68 t/hm2,风干物质的祖蛋白为15.8％,绝干物质的粗蛋白为17.19％,是最佳的刈割时期.

In this study, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing was used to investigate the rumen bacterial communities of water buffaloes fed different levels of concentrate. Six adult female water buffaloes were divided into two groups according to concentrate levels. Accordingly concentrate levels were assigned as low concentrate level (1.5 kg per day), and high concentrate level (2.5 kg per day), with forage ad libitum. Samples were taken from each water buffalo before morning feeding by stomach tube attached to hand air pump. Characterization of bacteria was achieved using V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene by a 454 GS FLX PLUS system on six samples. Results showed that 21 and 25 different bacterial phyla were identified in the ruminal microbiota of water buffaloes fed low concentrate level and highconcentrate level, respectively. For whatever the contrite level, rumen bacterial community was dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. There were 113 genera of bacterial populations commonly shared by all six samples, including genera of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, Succiniclasticum etc., indicating that there is a core microbial community in the microbial populations of water buffaloes. Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae families were highly present and were clearly affected by concentrate levels. The higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae and the lower abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Veillonellaceae were found in high concentrate level group. In conclusion, results of this study provided insights into the bacterial community structure and diversity of water buffalo and the bacterial taxa of water buffalo appear to be diet related.

为了解试管水牛的生长性能,试验对比测定了杂交水牛、地中海试管水牛和摩拉试管水牛生理指标、体尺指标和血液常规指标.结果表明:对照杂交水牛组的呼吸频率显著高于其他2组(P＜0.05),地中海试管水牛组的脉搏、体斜长、体高、十字部高、管围、尻长和体重均显著高于其他2组(P＜0.05).说明地中海试管水牛的生长性能表现最佳,各组的血液指标差异不显著(P＞0.05).

In this study, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing was used to investigate the rumen bacterial communities of Chinese water buffalo (swamp buffalo). Twelve female Chinese water buffaloes (Xilin buffalo, Haizi buffalo, Dehong buffalo, Dechan buffalo, three of each type) were used and given feed twice a day with forage ad libitum and four kg concentrate. Samples were taken from each water buffalo before morning feeding by stomach tube attached to hand air pump. Characterization of bacteria was achieved using V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene by a 454 GS FLX PLUS system on twelve samples. Results showed that 21, 21, 20 and 18 bacterial phyla were identified in the ruminal microbiota of Xilin buffalo, Haizi buffalo, Dehong buffalo and Dechan buffalo, respectively. For whatever the buffalo type, rumen bacterial community was dominated by Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. There were 227 genera of bacterial populations commonly shared by all twelve samples, including genera of Anaerovibrio, Bacteroides, Butyrivibrio, Lachnospiraceae, Pseudobutyrivibrio etc., indicating that there is a core microbial community in the microbial populations of swamp water buffaloes fed high forage diet. Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae families were highly present and were clearly affected by buffalo types. The highest abundance of Prevotellaceae and the lowest abundance of Flavobacteriaceae were found in Haizi buffalo. The highest abundance of Lachnospiraceae and the lowest abundance of Veillonellaceae were found in Dechan buffalo. The highest abundance of Ruminococcaceae was found in Dehong buffalo. In conclusion, results of this study provided insights into the bacterial community structure and diversity of water buffalo and the bacterial taxa of Chinese water buffalo (swamp buffalo) appear to be phylogenetically related.

In this study, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing was used to investigate the rumen bacterial communities of Murrah and Nili-Rivi water buffaloes fed high forage diet. Six adult female Murrah and Nili-Rivi water buffaloes (three of each type) were used and given feed twice a day with forage ad libitum and four kg concentrate. Samples were taken from each water buffalo before morning feeding by stomach tube attached to hand air pump. Characterization of bacteria was achieved using V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene by a 454 GS FLX PLUS system on six samples. Results showed that 21 and 25 different bacterial phyla were identified in the ruiminal microbiota of Murrah and Nili-Rivi water buffaloes, respectively. For whatever the buffalo type, rumen bacterial community was dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. There were 296 genera of bacterial populations commonly shared by all six samples, including genera of Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus, Enterobacter, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Xylanibacter etc., indicating that there is a core microbial community in the microbial populations of water buffaloes fed high forage diet. Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Spirochaetaceae, Rikenellaceae, Veillonellaceae families were highly present and were clearly affected by buffalo type. The highest abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae and the lowest abundance of Rikenellaceae and Spirochaetaceae were found in Murrah water buffalo. In conclusion, results of this study provided insights into the bacterial community structure and diversity of water buffalo and the bacterial taxa of river buffalo (Murrah and Nili-Rivi buffalo) appear to be phylogenetically related.

Objective:Understand the intestinal bleeding E.coli 0157:H7 animal host carrier situation of Xishuangbanna state,in order to provide the basis for the development of control strategies.Methods: Use immunomagnetic enrichment method,collected 282 households of pigs,cattle,chickens,ducks,geese,sheep,pigeons fresh stool samples for EHEC O157: H7 detection.Results: 27 samples were found O157:H7 positive and the carrying rate in animals was 9.57%.Carrying rate was highest in cattle(15.05%) and the carrying rate in duck,pig and chicken was 13.64%,9.41% and 3.45%.Geese,sheep,pigeons were not detected in animal reservoir of EHEC O157: H7.Conclusion: EHEC O157:H7 infection exist in the animal reservoir in Xishuangbanna state,which is a potential pandemic threat.

In order to study the immune mechanism of the susceptibility to Fasciola gigantica in buffalo,mononuclear cells were obtained from buffalo peripheral blood by the method of Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation.Macrophages were enriched by adherence.The NO production by excretory and secretory products(ESP) and F.gigantica or lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) / macrophage cell(MC)was evaluated by Geriss method.NO was produced by ESP or LPS-stimulated respectively.The NO production stimulated by ESP(0.1 and 1 μg/mL) combined with LPS(0.1 μg/mL) in PBMC/MC was significantly lower than that stimulated by LPS(0.1 μg/mL)(P0.05).The NO production by ESP(10 μg /mL)-stimulated PBMC/MC was not significantly different to that LPS(0.1 μg/mL)-stimulated(P0.05).These results showed that ESP or other component may suppress the NO production by PBMC/MC,and might be partly responsible for buffaloes being highly susceptible to F.gigantica.

目的:了解西双版纳州肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7动物宿主带菌情况,为制订防制策略提供依据.方法:采用免疫磁珠富集法,对282份入户采集的猪、牛、鸡、鸭、鹅、羊、鸽新鲜粪便标本进行肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7检测.结果:共检出肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7阳性标本27份,动物宿主的带菌率为9.57%.其中,牛带菌率最高为15.05%,鸭带菌率为13.64%,猪带菌率为9.41%,鸡带菌率为3.45%,鹅、羊、鸽动物宿主未检出肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7.结论:西双版纳州动物宿主中存在肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7感染,具有潜在的流行性威胁.