Abstract Sorbic acid (SA) and its salts are among the world’s most widely used and safest food preservatives, yet their industrial production still relies on fossil fuel-derived feedstocks via chemical synthesis. Here, we report bioproduction of SA through microbial fermentation by decoding its biosynthetic pathway and metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a chassis. Here, we identify SA and its amide derivative sorbamide (SN) from Myrothecium sp. FJNU6, representing identification of SA from a microbial source. Genome sequencing and heterologous expression reveal the SA/SN biosynthetic gene cluster, comprising a highly reducing polyketide synthase (SoaA), a hydrolase (SoaB), and an amidotransferase (SoaC). To enable sustainable overproduction, we reconstitute and optimize the SoaA–SoaB pathway in S. cerevisiae through multilevel engineering, including dynamic promoter control, acetyl-CoA/malonyl-CoA pathway enhancement, peroxisomal compartmentalization, and two-stage fed-batch fermentation. These strategies collectively enable a production titer of 1.84 g/L SA in a 50 L bioreactor. This study uncovers a microbial biosynthetic pathway for SA/SN and establishes a microbial platform for SA production, providing a foundation for developing sustainable alternatives to fossil-based manufacturing.

Aerobic composting (AC) and anaerobic composting (AnC) for combined organic wastes that pre-colonized with Bacillus velezensis and Xeromyces were conducted in a full-scale plant. The performance and underlying microbial regulatory mechanisms were investigated. Results indicated that the AC exhibited significant time-saving advantages over the AnC, including rapidly reaching the thermophilic phase, reducing composting time by up to 16 days, obtaining an optimal C/N ratio 20 days earlier, and achieving a comparable final humic acids concentration 17 days earlier. The AC ensured greater nutrient preservation and process stability, as evidenced by lower total nitrogen loss, more efficient protein conversion, and more rapid volatile fatty acids degradation. Although alpha diversity indicated that the AnC possessed higher microbial diversity, the AC fostered a higher abundance of ammonia-assimilating genera Bacillus, Ureibacillus, and the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Oceanobacillus at genus level. Furthermore, PICRUSt2 revealed that the relative abundances of functional genes involved in the acetate production, including ppgk, gpmB, PGLS, edd, pps, and ppdk, were lower in the AC than in the AnC; the abundances of genes involved in the propionate synthesis, including sdhA, sdhD, and prpE, were lower in the AC than in the AnC; the abundance of paaF involved in the butyrate production was lower in the AC than in the AnC. In nitrogen metabolism, the AC inhibited the denitrification genes, including napA/B, nirK/S, NorB/C, and nosZ, thereby reducing nitrogen loss. Collectively, the AC associated with fermentation starter promotes the maturity and nitrification and provide application for complex organic waste composting.

Phenylethylamine (PEA) is widely present in fermented foods and seafood, posing potential risks to food safety and human health. In this study, a multicopper oxidase gene (PsyMCO) responsible for PEA degradation was identified from an isolated PEA-degrading bacterium, Psychrobacter sp. FJNU-SIO36. Structure-guided mutagenesis targeting residue Asn221, located near the T1 copper site, generated mutant PsyMCO_N221D, which exhibited significantly improved substrate affinity and catalytic turnover. Under optimized conditions, the PEA degradation efficiency increased from 27.9 to 98.5%, achieving nearly complete removal within 72 h. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed that the N221D substitution alters the local electrostatic potential, thereby enhancing substrate binding and favorable positioning near the T1 Cu site. This study establishes a direct link between local electrostatic modulation at the T1 Cu site and enhanced amine oxidation, providing mechanistic insight into MCO catalysis and a rational basis for developing efficient MCO-based biocatalysts for detoxifying biogenic amines in foods.

This review elucidates the biotransformation mechanisms and ecological health risks of micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) in crustaceans, aiming to address knowledge gaps in their biological degradation processes and associated hazards. It highlights MNPs presence in crustaceans, emphasizing factors influencing their toxicity, including metabolic pathways post-ingestion and subsequent transfer to humans through the food chain. Direct and indirect toxic effects on crustaceans and humans are summarized, alongside potential implications of MNP metabolism. The research reveals that combined toxicity of MNPs and co-existing environmental contaminants may elevate human health risks via crustacean consumption. Notably, it presents the first evidence of microplastics (MPs) being converted to nanoplastics (NPs) during the digestive process in Antarctic krill, raising concerns about the heightened hazards of MNPs. These findings underscore the role of crustaceans as valuable ecotoxicological sentinels for MNP risk assessment and offer novel insights into the mechanisms underlying composite toxicity along the food chain. The article also identifies critical research gaps, such as the interactions between gut microbiota and MNPs, and the modulatory roles of polysaccharides and proteins in MNP metabolism. By integrating metabolic pathways, ecological impacts, and human health risks, this work provides a comprehensive framework for understanding MNPs bioaccumulation dynamics and their systemic health consequences.

In this study, Antarctic krill oil was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethanol solvent, both with and without refinement, to assess its quality, composition, and anti-inflammatory benefits. The supercritical extracted krill oil (SKO) exhibited superior qualities, with a high yield of astaxanthin (589.00 +/- 9.85 mu g/g) and a notable content of total fatty acids (FA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) reaching 97.06% and 29.65%, respectively, surpassing that of refined krill oil (RKO). SKO exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on the NF-kappa B pathway compared to RKO.

This study investigated the structural characteristics and anti-inflammatory potential of Tremella fuciformis stem byproduct-derived polysaccharide TFP-1. Structural analysis revealed that TFP-1 is an acetylated heteropolysaccharide composed of mannose, xylose, fucose, and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 6.18:1.09:2.13:1. It likely has a 3-alpha-d-Manp backbone, branched by T-alpha-l-Fucp, 2-beta-d-Xylp, and T-beta-d-GlcAp at the O-2 position, with partial acetylation at C6-OH of mannoses. The anti-inflammatory activity of TFP-1 was also assessed. It was shown to inhibit the production of inflammatory factors in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages by regulating the NF-kappa B pathway. These findings suggest TFP-1 may serve as a potential anti-inflammatory supplement.

The functional pathways of volatile fatty acids production at different biological hydrolysis temperatures and times were investigated in terms of microbial profile, network analysis, and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states. The principal component analysis result showed that biological hydrolysis at 35 °C and 42 °C were good for propionate production, and biological hydrolysis at 55 °C facilitated acetate production within 4.5 days of biological hydrolysis time but increased butyrate production with the biological hydrolysis time beyond 4.5 days. Network analysis revealed that the increased abundance of Chitinophagales and Flavobacteriales reduced the amount of propionate, butyrate, and iso-butyrate but increased the amount of acetate at biological hydrolysis 35 °C, 42 °C, and 55 °C. Moreover, compared to Clostridiales, Bacteroidales is more specific for other bacteria in the biological hydrolysis of waste activated sludge. Thirty-three enzymes were identified in the primary volatile fatty acid metabolism by phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states. Acetate was produced dominantly through acetyl-CoA pathway and regulated by the functional genes atoA and frhG, and propionate was regulated by the functional gene sucD and acs via succinyl-CoA pathway; Butyrate was generated by enriching the functional genes ptb, buk, and atoA. These genes were regulated by biological hydrolysis temperatures, resulting in variations in the distribution of acetate, propionate, and butyrate under different temperature conditions. This study is significant for the optimization of biological hydrolysis for the pretreatment of waste activated sludge.

Aquatic products, integral to human diets, often bear a distinct fishy odor that diminishes their appeal. Currently, the formation mechanisms of these odoriferous compounds are not fully understood, complicating their effective control. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of key fishy compounds, with a focus on their formation mechanisms and innovative methods for controlling fishy odors. Fishy odors in aquatic products arise not only from the surrounding environment but also from endogenous transformations due to lipid autoxidation, enzymatic reactions, degradation of trimethylamine oxide, and Strecker degradation. Methods such as sensory masking, adsorbent and biomaterial adsorption, nanoliposome encapsulation, heat treatment, vacuum treatment, chemical reactions, and biological metabolic transformations have been developed to control fishy odors. Investigating the formation mechanisms of fishy odors will provide solid foundational knowledge that can inspire creative approaches to controlling these unpleasant odors.

The aim of this study was to explore the lipid-lowering effect of naringenin and the underlying mechanism in high-fat-diet-fed SD rats and 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, SD rats were divided into the normal chow diet group (NCD), high fat diet group (HFD), three treatment groups feeding high-fat diet with naringenin (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Results indicated that naringenin treatment decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in serum. Naringenin also alleviated hepatic steatosis and reduced the adipocyte size in the epididymis in high-fat-diet-induced SD rats. In addition, naringenin (25−75 µg/mL) decrease TG and TC levels in 3T3 mature adipocytes. The molecular mechanism of naringenin in the treatment of obesity were predicted by using network pharmacology. Real-time PCR analysis results showed that naringenin regulated the expression of lipid metabolism genes. Meanwhile, naringenin increased the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activity and the expression of AMPK phosphorylated protein in 3T3 mature adipocytes. And the inhibitory effect of naringenin on lipid accumulation in 3T3 adipocytes was abolished by Compound C. Molecular docking results indicated that naringenin could bind to AMPK protein. These results indicated naringenin reduced lipid accumulation through AMPK pathway.

This study investigated the effect of starch crystallinity on starch reassembly behaviors during the heat-moisture treatment (HMT) using starches with A-type crystal content of 0.00%-19.03%. The results showed that HMT reduced the native starch crystal content from 19.03% to 15.02% and increased starch thermostability, leading to a decrease in rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content from 86.91% to 76.71%. Moreover, starches containing a crystal content of 2.51%-8.11% exhibited significant reassembly during the HMT, and the resulting modified starches had more crystals and less RDS of 63.43%-69.31%. Interestingly, starches lacked A-type crystals but had some helical structures exhibiting A-type crystalline structures and lower digestibility after HMT. These findings verified that starch could significantly reassemble to form crystalline structures during the HMT. Controlling the crystal content of starch granules, particularly between 2.51% and 8.11%, was a promising approach for promoting starch reassembly during HMT and reducing starch digestibility.

A procedure based on headspace solid-phase microextraction（HS-SPME） and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer（GC-MS） analysis was used to determine the flavor substances produced in the processing of Yellow Croaker. The flavor substances and their contents were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in the four processing stages of raw fish, one hour of salting, drying（salted）, and finished products. Meanwhile, hardness, sensory score, and color assessment were evaluated. The results showed that 54 volatile flavor components were detected in the four processing stages. After aligning with flavor library（NEST17）, we found that high contents of ethanol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and benzaldehyde were in the three processing stages of 1 h salting, drying, and finished products. High contents of ethyl hexanoate and ethyl maltol were in the finished products. Significant differences in certain flavor substances in each processing stage were observed. The differences were also observed in hardness, sensory and color of processing Yellow Croaker. This study may provide a reference for promoting the deep processing level of Yellow Croaker.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of Qingke β-glucan (QBG) concentrations and molecular weights (MWs) on rice starch (RS). With the increasing concentrations and MWs, the pasting properties and gelatinization enthalpy of RS/QBG suspension decreasing was observed by using rheometer and differential thermal scanning analysis, respectively, which was consistent with the results of X-ray diffraction. In Infrared spectrum, QBG combined with leached amylose via hydrogen bonds, thus preventing the reaggregation of RS particles and inhibiting the short-term retrogradation of RS. The results of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy suggested that interaction between QBG and RS changed RS microstructure, reduced the leached amylose of the starch, and thus altered RS/QBG digestibility that the digestion rate of RS/QBG decreased with the incrementing QBG MWs at in vitro simulated experiments. These results provide further understanding and expand potential application to starch-based foods.

In this study, crude oyster polysaccharides were prepared from fresh oysters by enzymatic digestion.After being deproteinized using the Sevage method and separated by Sephadex G-200 gel column chromatography, the crude oyster polysaccharides were further concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain purified oyster polysaccharides.The fractions at each stage of oyster polysaccharides preparation were used to measure antioxidant activity in vitro.The chemical bonds and functional groups of purified oyster polysaccharides were analyzed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）.The extraction of oysters by using enzymatic hydrolysis yielded 3.69% crude polysaccharides.The hydroxyl radical inhibiting measurement showed that the oyster polysaccharide purification did not significantly impact the inhibiting ability, while the purified oyster polysaccharides significantly affected the anti-superoxide anion radical ability(64.97 U·L -1 ).FTIR spectrum showed the polysaccharides contained three characteristic absorption peaks of pyranoside(1 154.84,1 080.63,1 021.93 cm -1 ),which was an α-type pyranose.This study can serve as a foundation for future research on the preparation and application of oyster polysaccharides.

In order to explore the species and characteristics of amine-producing bacteria during oyster spoilage, the bacterial streaking combined with 16S rDNA molecular technology was used to identify the species and further HPLC analysis technology was conducted to detect the mass concentration of biogenic amines. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to confirm the microbial community structure of oyster gill. The results showed that 16 isolates were obtained from oyster gill and identified as the genera of Shewanella,Oceanisphaera,Aeromonas,Marinomonas,Kocuria,and Priestia respectively, of which Shewanella and Marinomonas had a strong ability to produce amine. It was concluded that putrescine, tryptamine β-Phenylethylamine and tyramine were the main biogenic amines produced by bacteria isolated from oyster gill during storage, while the spermidine, spermine, and histamine had low concentration during oyster storage. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the isolation and identification of the dominant amine-producing bacteria in oysters, and provide scientific guidance for the application of oyster preservation technology.

文章围绕师范类院校食品专业产教融合现状下的专业全局设计、学科支撑程度、学生专业定位、师资建设情况,分析了当前专业发展滞后的原因,提出通过校企合作、课程优化、资源配置和师资队伍建设等几方面措施入手,提高人才培养的质量,提升专业建设的水平,为新工科背景下的食品产教融合"双向驱动"育人模式的教学改革提出建议.

Using a model of hydrogen peroxide-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cells, we examined the effects of three different extraction techniques and various feed-to-liquid ratios on the rate of leaching of polyphenols from Sargassum fusiforme.We then extracted and purified its rich polyphenols to investigate their antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects.The outcomes demonstrated that the following conditions were ideal for extracting Sargassum fusiforme polyphenols: ethanol volume fraction of 40%,extraction time of 60 min, material-to-liquid ratio of 1∶30,extraction temperature of 70 ℃,ultrasonic output power of 200 W,leaching rate of（7.650±0.934）%,polyphenols quality concentration of 29.94 mg·mL -1 ,purity of（21.45±0.56）%.Pure polyphenols could drastically lower the amount of antioxidant defense enzymes in the cell supernatant in a cellular inflammation model and provide Caco-2 cells with good protection from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage.

Antarctic krill oil (KO) prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to investigate its preventive effect on ethanol-induced gastric tissue damage in a rat model in vivo. KO characterization showed that 74.96% of the unsaturated fatty acids consist of oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Rats pre-treated with KO (100, 200, and 500 mg/kg) showed mitigated oxidative stress through enhanced antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing enzymes malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in gastric mucosal injury induced by ethanol. Additionally, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), the expression of the IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway, and nitric oxide (NO) production was suppressed. The results also demonstrated a significant decrease in histological injury and hemorrhage scores in a dose-dependent manner in the KO range. Therefore, KO has potential as a food supplement to alleviate ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury.

In this study, we explored the effect of acid hydrolysis on the molecular, structural, rheological, thermal, and antioxidant characteristics of Qingke β-glucan. The acid hydrolysis reduced the molecular weights of β-glucans from 510 to 155 KDa. The results of the structural analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that acid hydrolysis did not change the primary functional groups of β-glucans. The rheological behavior of β-glucan without and with acid hydrolysis can be described as pseudoplastic and Newtonian, respectively. The DSC curves of the β-glucans with high molecular weights showed the highest transition temperature. The 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity and the reducing power of soluble β-glucans in Qingke showed a dose-dependent pattern. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activities of Qingke β-glucan of different molecular weights were similar. This study demostrated that the acid hydrolysis almost have no effect on antioxidant activity of Qingke β-glucans.

This research aims to prepare capsules emulsion using gallic acid (GA), dextran (DEX), bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium alginate, and K-carrageenan (K-Car) as the biological delivery system of lycopene. The stability and bioaccessibility of lycopene were further improved through encapsulation of covalent complex of sodium alginate and K-Car. The molecular weight distribution and secondary structure of the conjugates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The storage stability of the emulsion stabilized by conjugates was measured with Turbiscan stability index (TSI) and fluctuation of the particle size. The TSI value of ternary conjugates was 18.7 (37℃) with particle sizes ranging from 208 to 319 nm. Then, the changes of three-dimensional reticulate structures and physical properties of sodium alginate-K were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TPA. The thermal stability of the sodium alginate-K-Car composite systems was increased compared with sodium alginate. The bioaccessibility of lycopene was significantly improved under the dual embedding of BSA-DEX-GA conjugate emulsion and sodium alginate-K-Car composite systems.