目的 研究健康教育和环境卫生综合治理措施对蚊媒密度的控制效果,为有效防治登革热提供科学依据.方法 在广州市南沙区采用典型抽样法,选取2个自然村作为干预组和对照组,用布雷图指数(BI)和标准间指数(SSI)评价比较其干预效果.结果 研究开始至启动干预前5个月中(2016年8～12月),两组的BI值大部分低于警戒线5.0,组间指数差异无统计学意义;干预期间(2017年1～5月),干预组BI值持续稳定在警戒线5.0以下,对照组则从干预开始的第2个月,BI值呈季节性升高,且至研究结束前波动范围均高于警戒线5.0,两组间指数曲线明显分离;干预组SSI指数在于预期间均维持在警戒线1.0以下,而对照组则有季节性浮动,且在3月和5月间两次超过警戒线,高于同期干预组指数.结论 以健康教育和环境卫生治理为基础的登革热综合防控干预,能有效降低蚊媒密度,达到防控登革热的目标.

Objective To assess the tobacco usage among the male construction workers and analyze its influencing factors in order to offer some suggestions for reasonable and efficient interventions on quitting smoking.Methods Convenient sampling method was adopted to select 243 male construction workers in Nansha district,Guangzhou.A questionnaire was used to investigate the tobacco usage among construction workers.Results Among 205 valid respondents,the total smoking rate of male construction workers was 59.0％ and the daily smoking rate was 51.7％.The passive smoking rate among nonsmokers was 71.4％;58.3％ of nonsmokers were exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) every day.Multi-factor unconditional logistic regression analysis suggested fathers smoking (OR=2.231,95％CI=1.159-4.239),living with smokers (OR=2.938,95％CI=1.087-7.944),and someone offering them cigarettes in public (OR=2.176,95％CI=1.359-3.484) were the risk factors causing construction workers to smoke.Besides,the more frequently of offering cigarettes,the greater the risk of smoking for construction workers was.Conclusions There was a high smoking rate among male construction workers and serious passive smoking among nonsmokers in Guangzhou.Attentions should be paid to strengthen the basic tobacco control knowledge of workers;separated dorms should be available for smokers and nonsmokers in the construction site;both smoking and offering cigarettes should be forbidden.

目的 了解烟草烟雾暴露对建筑工人呼吸道症状发生情况的影响.方法 采用方便抽样方法,在广州市南沙区7个建筑工地抽取879名建筑工人,调查其烟草烟雾暴露状况和呼吸道症状的发生情况.按烟草烟雾暴露与否将其分为主动吸烟组(503人)、被动吸烟组(249人)、不吸烟组(66人)和戒烟成功组(61人).结果 879名建筑工人主动吸烟率为57.2％(503/879),每日吸烟率为49.6％(436/879);非吸烟者被动吸烟率为79.0％(249/315),非吸烟者每日被动吸烟率为62.5％(197/315).四组建筑工人经常性咳嗽且咽喉不适、仅经常性咽喉不适、仅经常性咳嗽的发生率分别为5.9％、5.7％、9.0％,呼吸道症状总发生率为20.6％.主动吸烟组建筑工人经常性咳嗽以及伴有咽喉不适症状的发生率均高于被动吸烟组(P<0.007);主动吸烟组建筑工人呼吸道症状总发生率高于被动吸烟组和不吸烟组(P<0.007);四组建筑工人经常性咽喉不适发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).分类树分析结果表明,烟草烟雾暴露是导致建筑工人呼吸道症状发生的重要因素.结论 主动吸烟是导致建筑工人呼吸道症状发生的重要危险因素,建筑工人被动吸烟的状况亦不容忽视.

Objective: To detect the alterations of telomerase activity and the expression for oxidative stress responsive genes related with senescence during cellular replicative senescence and hydrogen peroxide-induced premature senescence in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELFs) in vitro. Methods: The HELFs were divided into young cells (22 population doubling levels, 22PDL) , mid-aged cells (35PDL) and replicative senes-cent cells (49PDL) and premature senescent cells induced by H(2)O(2)(premature senescence, PS). The telomerase activity was detected by ELISA assay during cellular replicative and premature senescence. The mRNA level of oxidative stress responsive genes related with senescence for Foxo1, Foxo3, Pdx1, apoA-I and MMP1 was per-formed by RT-Q-PCR separately. Results: The mRNA level for Foxo1, Foxo3, apoA-I and Pdx1 was decreased separately during cellular replicative senescence compared to that in the young-stage cells with statistical signifi-cance (P<0.05). The expression of MMP1 was up-regulated 5.1-fold obviously (P<0.05). In premature senes-cence, the mRNA level was only decreased for Foxo1, Foxo3 and apoA-I, but up-regulated 2.3-fold and 6.2-fold for Pdx1 and MMP1 respcetively vs 22PDL significantly (P<0.05). The telomerase activity in young cells was not detected, and it increased in mid-aged cells and replicative senescence stages during cellular replicative se-nescence as compared to 22PDL with statistical significance (P<0.05). The telomerase activity in premature se-nescence was highly active. Conclusion: The expression for genes related with senescence has differences be-tween replicative and premature senescence and hydrogen peroxide modifies their expression levels. The telomer-ase activity has been going up with increased PDLs.

Objective To illustrate the impacts of fathers'and mothers'rearing styles on internet addiction disorder (IAD) of children and to explore the difference and association between them,in order to provide scientific basis for early prevention of IAD.Methods The scales of Young's Brief 8-Item Questionnaire,Young's Brief 10-Item Questionnaire were used to diagnose IAD.EMBU questionnaire was used to evaluate the parental rearing styles.The respondents were 1 094 vocational high school students.Structural equation model (SEM) analysis was used to analyze the impacts of fathers' and mothers' rearing styles on their children's internet addiction.Parameters were calculated by maximum likelihood methods,and the best structural equation was established through the modification index.Results The prevalence of IAD and potential IAD among the respondents was 5.8％ and 4.6％,respectively.Analysis of variance showed that the scores on parental negative rearing styles of internet addiction group and potential internet addition group,such as scores of strictness,punishment,rejection and disavowal etc.,were significantly higher than those of the normal group(P＜0.01).Mothers' negative rearing styles,such as strictness,punishment,rejection and disavowal etc.,had a direct positive impact on children's internet addition behavior.The standard coefficient was 0.27 (t=7.25,P＜0.01).Fathers' rearing styles didn't show a direct impact on internet addiction of their children,but they showed a strong association with mothers' rearing styles(r=0.82).It could be deduced that fathers' and mothers' rearing styles had mutual influences.The main goodness-of-fit indices (x2 /df =4.730,RMSEA =0.058,GFI =0.984) demonstrated a good imitative effect of the SEM.Conclusion The mothers' negative rearing styles have obvious negative impact on their children and more likely lead to internet addiction.

Objective To study the effects of tobacco smoking exposure on cough among construction workers.Methods Convenient sampling method was adopted to choose 204 construction workers as the study objects.The relationship of cough and tobacco smoking exposure was investigated.The objects were divided into no-smoking (18 workers) , passive-smoking (66 workers) and active-smoking (120 workers) groups according to different tobacco smoking exposure situation.Results The occurrence of active smoking for 204 construction workers was 58.8%(120/204) and the daily active smoking rate was 51.5%( 105/204 ) .The occurrence of passive smoking for the non-smokers was 78.6% ( 66/84 ) and the daily passive smoking rate was 66.7%(56/84).Among the construction workers, 15.2% (31/204) had occasional cough, and 52.4%(107/204) had frequent cough, total cough occurrence was 67.6%(138/204).The occurrence of occasional cough in active-smoking group was higher than that of the passive-smoking group ( 23.3% vs 1.5%, P <0.01 );the occurrence of frequent cough in passive-smoking group and active-smoking group were higher than that of the no-smoking group (54.5%vs 22.2%, 55.8%vs 22.2%, P<0.017);the total cough occurrence in active-smoking group was higher than those of the no-smoking group and passive-smoking group (79.2%vs 33.3%, 79.2%vs 56.1%, P<0.01).There was an association between tobacco smoking exposure and cough frequency among the construction workers.Active-smokers had higher risks than non-smokers in both occasional cough and frequent cough ( odds ratio were 5.958 and 6.990, P<0.05);the passive smokers had a higher risk of frequent cough than non-smokers (odds ratio was 3.536, P<0.05). Conclusion Tobacco smoking exposure was an important risk factor for coughing among construction workers.Effective approach should be taken into account to control tobacco usage in the construction work site.

Aim:To survey on the knowledge,attitude and practice about garbage classification among the students,faculty members and staffs in Jinan University,explore their relationship,and to put for-ward a feasible proposal for implementing refuse classification.Methods:By using self-designed ques-tionnaires and accidental sampling method,we surveyed 1515 university students,faculty members and staffs,completed data entry and performed statistical analysis with EpiData3.02 and SPSS19.0.Results:Better cognition was found in the students of environmental majors,and the faculty members and staffs with a bachelor degree or higher education.Teachers and researchers had the highest scores,while freel-ance workers had the lowest scores,with a generally lowest awareness rate of hazardous waste.Those who agreed with garbage classification made up 97%,those who were satisfied with garbage classification, 8.6% and those who are dissatisfied,51%.20.5% of the surveyed people always make proper garbage classification,and 10.5% never make classification.People who selected the correct dustbin and to de-liver garbage accounted for 34.2%,those who just find a dustbin and deliver garbage for 63.9%,and those who discard their garbage freely for 1.9%.There existed a statistical relationship between knowl-edge and attitude,and between attitude and practice.Conclusion:We should strengthen the promotion of&nbsp;garbage classification,provide with convenient facilities,standardize the garbage management in prac-tice,and ultimately achieve the goal of scientific refuse classification.

OBJECTIVETo explore the features of DNA damage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients of normal constitution and abnormal constitution and in high-risk population of NPC.METHODSUsing single cell gel electrophoresis technique, the DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes was detected in 28 healthy subjects, 27 in high-risk population of NPC, and 13 NPC patients at their first visits. The DNA damage was detected in the populations of normal constitution and of abnormal constitution. The tail length, the tail moment, and the tail DNA% were taken as the indices of DNA damage.RESULTSThe tail length was (35.77 +/- 4.22) microm, the tail moment was (8.10 +/- 1.63) microm, and the tail DNA% was 57.48% +/- 4.63% in NPC patients. They were (15.25 +/- 4.15) microm, (5.01 +/- 1.92) microm, and 31.99% +/- 4. 11% in high-risk population of NPC. They were (14.31 +/- 3.64) microm, (4. 37 +/- 1.80) microm, and 29. 89% +/- 3. 15% in healthy subjects. There was statistical difference in the three indices among the three populations (P <0.05). In all the three populations, more DNA damage existed in those of abnormal constitution than in those of normal constitution (P <0.05).CONCLUSIONSObvious instability of genetic materials exists in NPC patients, manifested as severe DNA damage of lymphocytes. In all the three populations, more DNA damage existed in those of abnormal constitution than in those of normal constitution.

目的了解广州市某高校学生对"入学和就业取消乙肝项目体检"政策的认知及态度,为评价该政策的实施效果提供依据。方法整群抽取广州市某高校各学院共计556名在校大学生,使用自编问卷对乙肝体检认知状况进行调查。结果医学生对政策的知晓率(63.1%)较非医学类(48.7%)的学生高(χ2=11.96,P<0.05)。但从整体来看,大学生对该政策的知晓率并不高(56.1%);对乙肝病了解较多的学生更支持该政策(χ2=20.56,P<0.05);大学生了解政策的渠道主要是通过网络、电视(38.8%)和他人的谈论(26.8%);大学生对政策的支持度比较高,但部分学生对政策的执行情况持怀疑态度。结论健康教育可以进一步提高大学生对该政策的认知水平,同时也应加强乙肝基本知识的宣传。

Objective To explore the influence of douching therapy with ozone liquid and medication for vagina internal environment.Methods 147 patients with vaginitis were classified into two groups: the ozone douching group and the medical group.The symptom,cleaning value,the pH value,actobacillus of vaginal internal environment in patients were observed before and after treatment.Results Before treatment,there were no significant difference of the vaginal symptom,cleaning value,actobacillus between two groups,but vaginal pH value has obviously declined after treatment,and the difference between two groups has statistical significance.Other index about internal environment also has improved.Conclusion Douching therapy with ozone liquid and medication for vaginal inflammation can decline the pH value,and be benefit for vagina internal environment.

Objective Investigate the dose range of cell proliferation hormesis(hormetic zone)induced by methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE) on human bronchial epithelial(16HBE) cell and its toxicological significance.Methods The influence of MTBE on 16HBE cell proliferation and the dose-response relationship were studied by MTT test.Single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) test was used to detect 16HBE cells DNA damage induced by MTBE in the hormetic zone of cell proliferation.The whole blood cell DNA damage of Kunming mice which were exposed to MTBE with the same doses as above for 3 months was observed.Results MTBE promoted 16HBE cell proliferation and showed hormesis in the dose range of 1 and 20 g/L.MTBE could cause 16HBE cells DNA damage at the dose greater than 5 g/L.MTBE could also cause DNA damage of whole blood cells of Kunming mice at the doses of 2.5 and 5 g/L when exposed for 3 months.ConclusionMTBE could induce 16HBE cell proliferation hormesis,and the hormetic zone is about 1 g/L ～ 20 g/L.The hormetic zone of cell proliferation might not be safe,because MTBE could cause DNA damage at the zone,this might increase the risk of mutagenesis or carcinogenesis.

目的 了解苯甲酸钠(Sodium benzoate,SB)是否存在低剂量兴奋效应(Hormesis)以及在低剂量兴奋效应带(Hormetic Zone)剂量范围的损害特性.方法 采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法、单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)和流式细胞术(FCM),观察经SB处理后的体外培养CHL细胞增殖率,判断是否存在Hormesis;观察SB处理后的体外培养CHL细胞DNA损害,细胞周期与凋亡率改变,判断在Hormetic Zone剂量范围的损害特性.结果 SB使体外培养CHL细胞增殖率增加,Hormetic Zone的剂量范围为0.514～666.667 mg/L,以111.111 mg/L的细胞增殖率最高,为空白对照组的104.58%;SB引起体外培养CHL细胞DNA损伤,19.531,78.125和156.25 mg/L 3个剂量组SCGE的细胞核尾长、尾长/头长、尾DNA%、Olive尾矩与空白对照组比较差别有统计学意义;SB在0.391～156.250 mg/L引起G0/G1期细胞数比例增加,而G2/M期和S期细胞数比例相应减少;SB在0.391～625.000 mg/L引起CHL细胞凋亡率均较空白对照组下降.结论 在该试验条件下,SB存在Hormesis,在Hormetic Zone剂量范围引起DNA损伤等生物学效应,对这种效应的利弊应审慎评价.

目的采用体外细胞毒性检测方法,初步研究食品添加剂是否具有联合毒性作用,为食品添加剂的安全性评估提供更为可靠的依据。方法体外培养L-929细胞,用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测各受试物对细胞的毒性作用;并采用效应相加模型评价受试物对细胞的联合毒性作用。结果①各受试物单独对L-929细胞的毒性作用有明显的剂量效应关系,其中苯甲酸钠的细胞毒性最强,IC50达到(6.47±0.07)g/L,其次糖精的IC50为(19.50±0.37)g/L,柠檬黄IC50为(33.09±0.81)g/L。②苯甲酸钠与柠檬黄对L-929细胞的毒性具有相加作用(P>0.05);苯甲酸钠与糖精钠的细胞毒性也为相加作用(P>0.05)。结论在本试验条件下,苯甲酸钠分别与糖精钠、柠檬黄联合作用L-929细胞,表现出毒性相加作用。

目的研究小鼠接触低剂量甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)能否诱导其对后续大剂量接触该物质所致遗传物质损伤的适应性反应。方法将35只昆明种雄性小白鼠随机分为7组,空白对照组不做任何处理,其它6组通过静式吸入染毒的方式,用1260、630、315、126、63和0mg/m3的MTBE预处理各组小鼠,每天2h,30天后用10000mg/m3的MTBE进行染毒,取小鼠胸骨骨髓制片,观察骨髓网织红细胞微核率的改变。结果10000mg/m3MTBE染毒小鼠2h后,骨髓网织红细胞微核率与空白对照组相比明显增加(P<0.05),表明浓度为10000mg/m3的MTBE吸入染毒2h可以造成小鼠遗传物质的明显损伤。126mg/m3剂量处理小鼠30天后,再接受10000mg/m3MTBE的染毒,其骨髓网织红细胞微核率明显低于单纯高剂量处理组的微核率(P<0.05),而与空白对照组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。表明小鼠长期接触126mg/m3低剂量的MTBE可诱导其对后续大剂量MTBE染毒的遗传损伤作用产生抵抗力。结论吸入低剂量MTBE可诱导小鼠产生适应性反应。

目的 研究甲醛、硫脲和硼砂在单独作用和加入小麦粉基质的情况下对蚕豆根尖微核率发生的影响.方法 将松滋青皮豆(Vicia faba)25℃恒温催芽根尖生长至2.5cm左右,根尖浸入受试液中处理6h,然后用双蒸水恢复24h,压片法制片,40倍镜下观察并记录各剂量组蚕豆根尖细胞微核率.结果 甲醛、硼砂和硫脲在一定剂量范围内可诱导蚕豆根尖微核率的升高,加入小麦粉与对受试物单独作用时微核率有差异.结论 3 种有害食品添加物对蚕豆根尖细胞有一定的遗传毒性.

Objective To explore effective measure of myopia preventing among pupils,and to guide myopia prevention.Methods From 2002 to 2006,an experimental study of preventing myopia was performed to the third and fourth grade students in the Affiliated Primary School of Jinan University.One hundred and thirty-five pupils of grade three were taken as experimental group one,one hundred and thirty-one pupils of grade four were taken as experimental group two.Two hundred and forty pupils were chosen as control one group,and one hundred and thirty-five pupils were taken as control two group.Ninety-eight grade one junior middle school students were chosen as internal control.The intervention measures were including health education,National Pupils' Eye Exercises and a new eye exercises based on traditional Chinese medical treatment,and the myopia prevention education was given to their parents.No intervention was conducted among the control groups.Results The myopia rate of experimental group(51.1%)one was brought down by 27.9% than control group one(79.0%),and the myopia rate of experimental group two(57.2%)was brought down by 12.9% than control group two(70.1%).The myopia rate of experimental group one and two were lower than the internal control group.Conclusion The preventive measures of myopia prevention is effective.

AIM:To study if low dose NaNO2 can induce the adaptive response of cultured Chinese hamster lung cells(CHL cells)to DNA damage.METHODS:Single cell gel electrophoresis technique was used to detect the DNA damage in CHL cells exposed to NaNO2 at different concentrations.CHL cells were pretreated with NaNO2 of concentrations of 0.01 mg/L,0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L respectively.And the adaptive response to the toxicity of 1g/L NaNO2 was observed.The activity of polyADP-ribose polymerase(PARP-1) of CHL cells was inhibited with 3-aminobenzamide(3AB) before or after pretreated with low dose of NaNO2.And the changes of the adaptive response were observed.RESULTS:The rate of tailing cells was 7.87% when the cells were exposed to 1 g/L NaNO2 without pretreatment with low dose NaNO2.An extremely remarkable statistics significance(P0.01) was observed when compared the difference to control group.NaNO2 of 0.01 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L could induce the adaptive response of cultured CHL cells to DNA damage caused by 1 g/L NaNO2.The rate of tailing cells was 3.55% and 1.06% respectively,which was much lower than that of no-pretreatment group(P0.05;P0.01).But the rate of tailing cells was 6.09% when the cells were exposed to 1 g/L NaNO2 with pretreatment of 1 mg /L NaNO2,which had no significant difference compared with the rate of tailing cells in control group(P0.05).The adaptive response could be blocked when the activity of PARP-1 was inhibited with 3AB before the low dose pretreatment,but could not be blocked when the activity of PARP-1 was inhibited after low dose NaNO2 pretreatment 6 h.CONCLUSION:NaNO2 of concentration that equals to or lowers than 0.1 mg/L can induce the adaptive response of cultured CHL cells to DNA damage caused by high dose NaNO2 through PARP-1 activation.And the dose of NaNO2 that can induce adaptive response might not cause the DNA damage.

甲基叔丁基醚(methyl tertiary butyl ether,MTBE)是一种新型汽油防爆添加剂.我国自2000年开始全面推广使用无铅汽油,MTBE得到广泛使用.

饮水与健康息息相关,但长期以来人们对健康饮水的正确认知并不多.健康饮水不但能够维持人体正常生理功能.还能预防疾病,促进身体健康,延长寿命.为了解和掌握大学生对健康饮用水的认知、态度和行为(KAP)习惯,于2006年4～5月对广州市在校大学生进行了健康饮水KAP问卷调查,旨在引起大学生对健康饮水的认识,为各级政府和教育部门的相关工作提供参考依据.

Objective To investigate 296 pregnant women about the pregnancy-related knowledge and behaviour. Methods Epidemiological analysis were used in this study. We built the database by SPSS 13.0 and used ANOVA, correlation, logistic regression, Muliple linear regression to analyze the data. Results In 296 pregnant women involved, average action score was 26.48 and average knowledge score 9.63; the action score and education of pregnant women were in direct ratios (r=0.213,P<0.0001). Additionally, action scores were affected by occupation of pregnant women and their husbands, husbands' education, pregnancy education and so on. 59.8% of the pregnant women have received pregnancy education. The factor determining whether a women receives pregnancy education includes their education level, and the OR value is 1.791(P=0.000). Conclusions The pregnancy-related knowledge and behaviour of pregnant women should be improved. The pregnancy education is very important.