精准阐释中国相对贫困的内涵转换是建立解决相对贫困长效机制的逻辑前提.本文基于"事实-价值"分析框架,从社会问题的变迁与 自由主义的转向分析西方相对贫困理论的生成与认知逻辑,厘清相对贫困的理论源流;从认知视角、认知内容和价值表达三个方面揭示中国相对贫困理论对西方相对贫困理论的吸纳与借鉴,进而反思与批判西方相对贫困理论的矛盾与局限;在此基础上立足"共同富裕"的总目标,从集体取向与个体取向相统一的价值诉求,"相对"表象与"绝对"本质相结合的内容表达,"赋权、增能、立志"与缩小分配差距并举的路径选择三个维度阐释了中国场域下相对贫困的本质内涵转换与理论超越.

在抗击新冠肺炎疫情的进程中,越来越多的智能技术被应用于身份识别、行为轨迹监测等,极大地提升了疫情风险研判和应对能力,但也导致了公共权力滥用、民众权利流失等潜在风险.针对部分地区出现的政府行使智能应急权时背离权力行使原则、打破权力行使程序等现象,聚焦"过度依赖健康码导致执法行为偏差,健康权受损""智能服务普及化导致老年群体适应困难,平等权受损""敏感个人信息泄露导致对感染群体的社会排斥,名誉权受损"等问题,迫切需要加强智能应急管理中信息使用的规范机制、健全智能应急管理中政府权力滥用的约束机制、完善智能应急管理中民众权利流失的救济机制,从而推进智能应急管理的法治化.

面对百年未有之大变局,治理韧性作为社会风险治理的新视角愈加成为学界及政府界高度关注的话题,然而,无论是在学术研究还是公共政策实践中,由于缺乏对治理韧性的理论溯源、概念辨析与场域锁定等的准确甄别,因此产生了治理韧性本质内涵解读差异化、形式外延界定多样化的认知分歧.本研究尝试将治理韧性置于新时代中国社会治理的特定场域中,揭示了"调适有度"是社会治理韧性的本质,权力限度、结构密度、价值温度与目标精度是识别社会治理韧性的维度坐标.提升社会治理韧性,必须从授权赋能、社会凝聚、共同富裕、敏捷治理等方面促进社会治理体系的有效调适,从而增进新时代中国社会治理的有效性.

两年前就听说艳玲教授要写一本有关成都城市治理的专著,她是活跃在中国公共管理和政治学领域的学术女神,对成都的发展和治理长期关注,倾情参与,智慧支持.阳春三月花舞人间之际,终于读到了她寄来的《人民城市之路》,透过那充满睿智和激情的字里行间,我仿佛再次看到了艳玲教授在成都大街小巷开展社会调查的匆忙身影,听到了她在各类学术论坛上讲述大国之城、大城善治.与其说这本书是用学术的语言讲述成都城市治理故事,不如说是用时代的坐标解构国家——城市——人民的逻辑,体现的是大视野大格局,洞见的是真问题真性情.

基层治理创新是我国制度优势转化为基层治理效能的核心机制,是推进基层治理能力现代化的重要环节.然而,在蔚然成风的基层创新实践中却衍生出具有失范性、破坏性、隐匿性和过程性的"伪创新",体现为追求名词标新忽视实质行动、追求经验移植忽视回应需求、追求局部亮点忽略科学统筹和追求政绩邀功忽视持续发展等形式表征.论文从创新行动者的视角出发,构建了"制度-环境-动机"的伪创新生成原因分析框架,认为由结构紧张和制度脱耦构成的制度张力,治理环境和组织环境构成的环境激励,趋利性迎合与策略性妥协构成的复合动机耦合于创新主体,驱使其主动选择或被动实施伪创新行为.破解伪创新困境,还需完善基层创新的制度调适、优化基层创新的生态环境、构建基层创新容错纠错机制.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and it is associated with poor clinical outcomes in premature and low birth weight neonates. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize the literature and evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and mortality of premature and low birth weight neonates with AKI. A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed. Studies on the prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, and outcomes of acute kidney injury in preterm neonates and neonates with low birth weight were included and analyzed. Fifty articles of 10,744 patients were included in this study. The overall rate of AKI from the pooled results of all patients was 25% (95% CI 20–30%) with heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 97%; P < 0.01). Patients with AKI had significantly higher rate of mortality than patients without AKI (odds ratio (OR) = 7.13; 95% CI 5.91–8.60; P < 0.01). AKI was prevalent and was associated with high mortality rate among preterm and low birth weight neonates.

BACKGROUND:Despite surgical treatment, children with biliary atresia (BA) may face many problems which seriously affect their quality of life. However, there is a paucity of studies in China examining the quality of life of these children after BA treatment. This study investigated the current status of the quality of life of children after BA treatment and analyzed the influencing factors so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of targeted interventional measures.METHODS:From May 1 to May 31, 2021, the STAR questionnaire method was used to conduct cross-sectional surveys in children following BA surgery in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China. The basic information questionnaire was used to investigate the general characteristics of the children. The children were also given quality of life questionnaires during follow-up sessions after surgical treatment for BA. In addition, a 12-point health survey was used to assess the physical and mental health of the children's caregivers. Age- and gender-matched healthy children were recruited as controls. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression equations were established to explore the influencing factors of the quality of life of children after surgery for BA.RESULTS:After surgery, children with BA experienced significantly lower physical health, emotional function, social function, cognitive function, and quality of life compared to healthy children (P<0.050). Co-existing diseases had a statistically significant impact on the quality of life of children with BA (b=-12.566; t=-2.343; P=0.021), and the caregiver's understanding level of liver transplantation also had a statistically significant impact on the quality of life of these children (b=6.481; t=2.376; P=0.021).CONCLUSIONS:The quality of life of children after BA surgery was significantly lower than that of age-matched healthy children. Co-existing diseases and the caregiver's understanding level of liver transplantation were the main factors affecting the quality of life of these children.

公共行政学的范式之争,不仅是事关公共行政学身份危机的核心问题,也是公共行政学历史思辨中看似不言自明实则言之未明的关键问题.破解该问题的认知迷雾,迫切需要我们从范式概念的源头领悟中构建"学术共识"与"学科规范"的认知逻辑,从存在论、转换论与场景论的形式之争回到公共行政的事实本体,在本体视角解析中寻找破解范式之争的密码.并且需要以反思性、主体性、科学性的态度找到范式建构的传统基因与历史依据,从提出真问题、供给真概念、构建协同式学术生态与强化实践性社会功能四个方面建构公共行政学的"中国话语体系".

平安中国建设在社区层面主要体现为营造高质量的人民安全感,这是中国特色社会主义制度以人民为中心的根本价值目标的历史承续,是在非传统风险社会下提升人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感的现实选择,更提升了社会治理的基础单位城市社区向着和谐宜居发展的未来可能性.社区层面的平安治理是在社区场域内进行的,适应新时代人民追求美好生活需求的要求和新时代城市化进程中社会管理诉求的社会治理创新.解析社区平安治理从追求高效率转向追求高质量的内在逻辑,明确平安治理的内涵具有重要的现实意义,通过平安治理"从标到本"的思路转变,可提出平安治理"以安促治"的实践路径.

基本公共服务均等化是我国民生保障制度的核心内容.本文采用政策文本分析法,对党的十八大以来我国基本公共服务均等化的政策目标及其演变规律进行分析,发现我国基本公共服务均等化政策以保障人民权利为基本理念;以满足人民美好生活需要为目标;以健全体系、规范标准、统筹城乡为路径,体现了"以人民为中心"的价值理性.其演化过程呈现出"普惠化——均等化——优质化"的梯度递进规律,折射出我国基本公共服务政策功能开始从"保生存"到"优生活"、从"能兜底"到"高品质"、从"有没有供给"到"能否满足需求"的转变趋势,充分显示中国特色民生保障的制度优势正在有效转换为民生治理的效能.

基层治理是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的构成要素和重要基石,党的执政根基在基层,国家治理的神经末梢在基层,人民对美好生活的感知在基层.党的十九届四中全会《决定》提出"健全充满活力的基层群众自治制度"、"构建基层社会治理新格局",精确指明了基层群众自治制度在人民当家作主制度体系中的重要作用,精准部署了构建基层社会治理新格局的重点任务和实现途径.

新冠肺炎疫情的爆发为我国经济社会带来巨大影响.在疫情防控期间,各级政府纷纷出台相关支持政策为中小企业保驾护航.基于145份省级地方政府的"助企纾困"政策,利用CiteSpace 5.5等工具进行政策文献计量分析发现,在过程维度上,中小企业支持政策的发展表现出自下而上、多地共发的政策爆发式扩散特征;在内容维度上,探讨了金融支持、降本减负、复工复产、公共服务、执行规范与手段等同质核心议题,同时也存在工具使用结构、政策强度和执行思路的地域差异.研究认为,把握好学习借鉴与立足本土现实、结构完整与靶向精准、回应需求与执行可行等三对关系,有利于推动社会主义制度优势有效转化为治理效能,以政策执行助力中小企业共渡难关.

A full-term, 5-day-old male neonate presented with a large area with bluish-red discolouration over his left back. The parents reported that the skin lesion had rapidly spread over the past 12 hours. He was febrile and lethargic on admission. Physical examination revealed an extensive erythematous and oedematous area, and there was fluctuation over this tender area (figure 1). He had elevated levels of …

克制乡村治理中的浪漫主义冲动 任剑涛(教育部"长江学者"特聘教授、清华大学政治学系教授) 乡村治理很早就成为中国国家治理体系中的重要事务.这可以从政策制定、社会关注和理论建构三个方面得到印证.一是三农问题成为改革开放40年中的20年中央"一号文件"的主题.二是三农问题一直是社会各界共同关注的热点问题,这种集中关注度持续40来年不变.农业、农村、农民与农民工的种种事务,总是牵动国人的心.三是三农研究已经成为改革开放以来中国人文社会科学理论的重要生长点.仅以近期推出的"中国社会学经典文库"来看,在20本预告书目中,与三农主题相关的著作就占了10本以上.这些著作,广涉政治学、经济学、社会学、民族学、人类学、历史学等学科.可见,三农研究已经成为人文社会科学界学术研究的聚焦主题.聚合三农问题的乡村治理,也就成为人们理解他在中国国家治理体系中重要地位与作用的一个切入口.

构建基本公共服务均等化实现程度评价体系对于推进基本公共服务高质量发展、全面建成小康社会具有重要意义.基本公共服务均等化实现程度的概念具备理论与政策工具属性,为均等化评价研究提供了过程监测的新视角,并有力回应了现有相关研究存在的评价范围模糊、视角混乱等论争.在基本公共服务均等化实现程度核心概念的基础上,以罗尔斯正义三要素论为基础,分析基本公共服务均等化的价值诉求与政策目标等评价要素的内在关联与耦合,由此构建了基本公共服务均等化实现程度的三重评价维度,即政策环境公平、供给水平发展和人民群众满意,为基本公共服务均等化实现程度评价提供了理论支撑.

构建契合中国场景的基本公共服务评价体系,既需要突破理论认知分歧与评价维度之争,更需要反思如何兼顾基本公共服务均等化的价值目标与政策目标,寻找基本公共服务均等化评价的新视角.基于"实现程度"的基本公共服务均等化评价体系,按照"政策制定—政策产出—政策感知"的分析逻辑,构建了政策环境公平、供给水平发展与人民群众满意的三重评价维度及其指标体系,其核心是监测基本公共服务均等化的目标达成度,基础是测度基本公共服务供给水平,关键是了解公众的获得感与满意度,目的是对我国实现基本公共服务均等化的过程进行监测管理,以便推进我国民生保障制度体系的调适与优化.

社会治理体系是由主体—规则—机制—目标等四个要素构成的规范社会行为的一系列制度.其中,治理主体指参与社会治理的行为主体及其在一定规则下形成的职能职责定位和网络关系结构,治理规则指社会治理体系运行应遵循的规律和法则,治理机制指治理主体间协同的运行机理、方式、方法,治理目标指社会治理的价值愿景与追求.这四个要素相互作用,其健全程度直接决定社会治理效能的高度,相互之间的耦合与互动程度直接影响社会治理效能的达成度.我们党在推动社会治理进程中不断根据对社会发展规律的认知调适社会治理体系,形成具有中国特质的社会治理制度优势.贯彻党的十九届四中全会精神、推进社会治理体系和治理能力现代化,就必须坚持和完善党对社会治理的"全景式"领导,构建社会治理共同体;坚持和完善"三治融合"的制度,构建社会治理规则体系;坚持和完善"四化互动"的治理方式,创新社会治理协同机制;坚持和完善"以人民为中心"的治理理念,把社会治理体系的制度优势转化为社会治理现代化的效能.

“但留方寸土,留与子孙耕.”对于有着悠久历史的中华民族而言,公物意识早已融入每位炎黄子孙的血液中.数千年前,左丘明就在《左传》中提出“俭,德之共也;侈,恶之大也.”《吕氏春秋·孝行览》中的《义赏》篇也记载道“竭泽而渔,岂不得鱼,而明年无鱼;焚薮而田,岂不获得,而明年无兽.”珍惜节俭,合理分配,科学高效利用公共资源不只是一句口号,更是干百年来人民与政府共同坚守的约定.

OBJECTIVES:Laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy (LKPE) has been shown to be a safe and feasible procedure in patients with biliary atresia (BA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of modified LKPE (MLKPE) in the treatment of BA. METHODS:Data of 58 BA patients undertaken MLPKE from July 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed (group B), and compared with that of 43 BA patients received open Kasai portoenterostomy (OKPE) during the same period (group C). In addition, 195 BA patients who had undergone LKPE during May 2009 to June 2014 were also included (group A). RESULTS:All 296 patients enrolled in this study were non-syndromic type III BA. Compared with group A, group B had shorter operative time (ORT) (P < 0.01) and fewer intraoperative blood transfusion (IOBT) (P < 0.05). The conversion rate and cholangitis rate were also significantly lower in group B than that in group A (P < 0.05). The postoperative oral intake resumed (POOR), any postoperative complications (APOC), clearance of jaundice (CJ), 1-year and 3-year survival rate with native liver (SNL) were not significantly different between group A and group B (P > 0.05). The ORT, IOBT, POOR, APOC, CJ, 1-year and 3-year SNL in group B were much better than that of group C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:The MLKPE was associated with good perioperative with ORT, IOBT, POOR, and APOC. The short-term outcomes in MLKPE were no worse than that of OKPE and LKPE. MLKPE can be regarded as a treatment option for BA.

地方机构改革既是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要内容,也是推进党和地方机构职能优化协同高效与完善地方机构职能体系的关键.随着新一轮省级地方机构改革基本完成,基于对各省级地方机构改革情况的梳理和比较发现,新时代地方机构改革呈现出以健全党委领导体制为基础,以优化职能配置为核心,以构建协同机制为关键,以增进人民福祉为重心,以对标中央机构为基调,以扎根地区特色为导向的总体趋势;并表现出目标定位空间分异,机构数量规模差异和特色机构类型多元的差异性特征.究其原因,一是问题驱动、统一性要求及治理现代化需求的动因逻辑;二是制度优势转化为治理效能与稳妥创新的目标逻辑;三是治理碎片化与整体性治理的行为逻辑.