公共图书馆资源是文化事业的重要组成部分,对我国基层文化建设起着重要作用.为从整体性视角探析我国公共图书馆资源分布以及区域差异,剖析公共图书馆资源配置逻辑,本文从公共图书馆的建、人均拥有量等方面的构建指标体系,结合我国31个省份的公共图书馆的相关数据,运用主成分分析法和聚类分析法定量测评我国公共图书馆资源分布以及区域间差异,旨在为我国进一步推进文化事业建设、优化文化资源结构提供可行性建议.

“河长制”全面实施以来,我国河流管理与保护成效显著.“河长制”确认各级河长在河流管理保护中的职责,通过对河长每年工作履职情况进行严格考核并实施严格追责等措施,促进了我国水环境和水生态质量的改善并向长久保持.在实践中,我国“河长制”面临着本质偏离、考核异化、多元共治欠缺的困境,使得河流治理容易出现短期、反弹等现象,影响了“河长制”的实效.为此必须通过明晰各级河长的责任,确保以责任驱动“河长制”工作;建立多层面的科学完善的考核指标体系;坚持多元共治,弱化对行政权力的依赖来优化“河长制”制度,保障“河长制”的长效化、法治化.

虚拟机自省是一种在虚拟机外部获取目标虚拟机信息,并对其运行状态进行监控分析的方法.针对现有虚拟机自省方法在语义重构过程中存在的可移植性差、效率较低的问题,提出了一种语义重构改进方法VMOffset.该方法基于进程结构体成员自身属性制定约束条件,可在不知道目标虚拟机内核版本的情况下,自动获取其进程结构体关键成员偏移量,所得偏移量可提供给开源或自主研发的虚拟机自省工具完成语义重构.在KVM(kernel-based virtual machine)虚拟化平台上实现了VMOffset原型系统,并基于不同内核版本操作系统的虚拟机,对VMOffset的有效性及性能进行实验分析.结果表明:VMOffset可自动完成各目标虚拟机中进程级语义的重构过程,具有可移植性与安全性,且仅对目标虚拟机的启动阶段引入0.05％之内的性能损耗.

综合生态系统方法理论是关于生态系统管理的原理、原则以及方法的总称.作为评价人类实施生态系统活动成效的有效工具,环境法律法规的规定应符合综合生态系统方法理论.在综合生态系统方法理论视角的审视下,我国河长制立法源于回应民众生态治水的公益新诉求,其立法目的是实现水资源的保护和可持续利用.我国河长制立法将河长治理河湖的职权(责)来源形式合法化,河长制工作机制逐渐健全,但也存在公众参与制度不完善、缺少对河长制会议及联系会议制度的详细规定、地方立法数量多但特色不足等问题,需在综合生态系统方法理论指导下进一步完善河长制相关立法.

随着乡村振兴战略的实施,我国的农村经济发展水平得到了进一步提高,但是不同地区之间的农村经济发展水平仍然存在较大差异.文章结合已有研究,以贵州省的9个市(州)为研究对象,选取了8个能够代表农村经济发展水平的评价指标,构建了一个评价农村经济发展水平的综合指标体系,运用主成分分析方法对贵州省不同地区的农村经济发展水平进行了比较和评价,融入聚类分析的基本原理对其进行了分类,并在此基础上探讨了贵州省农村经济发展水平的区域差异及其影响因素,进行了进一步思考和总结.

[摘要]水土保持不仅可以改善生态环境,为民众提供优质的生态产品,还可以改善农业生产条件,促进农村产业结构合理调整,提高群众的生活水平,对于夯实贵州省农业基础、保障农业和农村可持续发展、助推脱贫攻坚具有重要意义.贵州省水土保持助推扶贫工作经历了起步阶段和常态化阶段,积累了丰富的经验,即:以加快经济发展为主线,以增加农民收入为核心,以改善农业农村生活条件和产业发展为目标,实现生态效益、经济效益、社会效益相统一,在助推扶贫工作决胜同步小康过程中取得显著成效;结合当地产业发展的实际需要,统筹国家生态利益和群众经济利益的需要,推进水土保持"以奖代补、先建后补"管理体制与机制的创新,突出"系统治理、两手发力",充分吸引社会力量和民间资本参与水土流失治理,加块水土保持和农旅产业发展的深度融合,助力脱贫攻坚,改善生态环境.

《野生动物保护法》确立了对野生动物实行"保护优先"的原则,但目前存在法律保护对象范围偏窄、管理体制不健全,以及法律制度的设计出现偏差重"利用"轻"保护"的问题,没有很好贯彻坚持保护优先原则,致使《野生动物保护法》的实施效果打了折扣.野生动物保护坚持保护优先原则,是维护国家生态安全的战略需要,体现了生态文明的价值诉求.适时修订《野生动物保护法》中一些不符合保护优先原则的相关规定,坚持保护优先原则,在当前具有重要的意义和紧迫性.

本文结合贵州省推行河长制的工作情况,从河长制工作理念、河流保护责任体系、河长制工作方法和河长制工作责任考核4个方面,对河长制进行了详细解读.河长制工作的推进,为贵州生态文明先行示范区的建设提供了水生态保障,筑牢了"两江"上游生态屏障.

为了解贵州省规模化养猪场仔猪腹泻致病大肠埃希菌流行及耐药情况,本试验应用细菌分离培养、形态学观察和生物化学鉴定等技术,对采集于贵州省规模化养猪场腹泻仔猪肠道内容物128份进行病原分离鉴定,并通过动物回归试验验证病原致病力、药敏试验分析其耐药特性.结果 显示,本次试验共分离鉴定到78株大肠埃希菌.动物致病性试验显示,分离菌可在不同时间致死小鼠,表明分离菌具有较强的致病力;药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对β-内酰胺类药物青霉素耐药率最高,为94.87％ (74/78),对磺胺类药物复方新诺明耐药率最低,为21.79％ (17/78),对其余抗菌药物均表现出不同程度耐药;多重耐药结果显示,所有分离菌株均为多重耐药菌株,多重耐药主要表现在7～11耐,占分离菌株的83.33％ (65/78).研究结果为仔猪大肠埃希菌性腹泻的防控提供理论依据.

范晔《后汉书·文苑传》较早提出王逸撰《楚辞章句》的说法,此后学者撰述引用而无疑.但《隋志》等目录并未见"王逸《楚辞章句》"之所载;而汉魏晋南北朝时人称引《楚辞》时也无一例外皆不见称引王逸《楚辞章句》.而据李善《文选注》以及其同时代人著作来看,其所称引皆谓"王逸《楚辞注》"而已.且据《文选注》称引其它《章句》如薛君《韩诗章句》、蔡邕《月令章句》等著,以及其言《章句》与"王逸《楚辞注》"等并列而皆不言《楚辞章句》等作法来看,李善等所见王逸《楚辞》著作之书名实为《楚辞注》而非《楚辞章句》.且其著述始为人知当大致在范晔之世,而其初步与广泛流传则当裴骃与顾野王之时,至于唐初方取得权威之地位.

党的十九大报告指出,中国特色社会主义已经进入新时代.新时代生态文明建设是千年大计,美丽成为强国目标,社会主要矛盾转变为人民日益增长的美好生活需要同不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾.作为生态文明建设重要组成部分和基础性工作的水土保持,在中国特色社会主义新时代,必须树立"水土流失状况只能好转、不能变坏"的底线思想认识,将水土流失面积不扩大、强度不加剧、水土保持功能不降低作为各级政府的责任底线; 在工作中以系统的方式,统筹山水林田湖草路小流域综合治理,切实增强流域水土流失综合防治、水资源保护、水污染治理、防洪减淤等重点项目的协同性,建立多功能的防治体系; 加强水土保持法治建设,为水土保持工作提供有力的制度保障,以最严格的制度保护生态环境.

In order to understand the drug-resistance phenotype and genotype of Salmonella in diarrhea piglets of large-scale farms in Guizhou Province,the intestinal samples of diarrhea piglets in 6 large-scale pig farms in Guizhou Province were collected to isolate and identify Salmonella strains.Then the drug-resistance phenotype and genotype of these isolates were analyzed using the susceptibility test and PCR.In total,21 strains of Salmonella were isolated and identified from the samples.The drug-resistance test showed that the rates of resistance to drugs of the identified Salmonella were in the descending order of kanamycin,sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin.All the isolates resisted against multiple antibiotics,and five of the isolates resisted against more than 8 different antibiotics.Furthermore,the results of the present study showed that the coincidence rate between β-1actam-resistance genotype and phenotype was as high as 100％.In the of quinolone resistance,the coincidence rate was 62.5％,in aminoglycoside resistance,the coincidence rate was 73.3％,and in sulfanilamide resistance,the coincidence rate was 81.8％.The present study provides a theoretical support for rational use of drugs in controlling Salmonella infection in piglets.

To study the complete genome sequence,structure characteristics,and genetic variation of the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) GZLZ epidemic strain originated,from the skin samples of cattles in Liuzhi,Guizhou,genotyping of GZLZ strain was first determined by PCR based on L1 gene.The whole genome sequence of BPV GZLZ strain was obtained by PCR with 7 pairs of primers designed according to the BPV1 reference strains in GenBank.The sequence analyses showed that the full-length of the GZLZ s train was 7 946 bp,and belonged to BPV1 genotype.This study provided the basis for the identification of pathogen,epidemiology,scientific prevention and control of bovine papilloma in Guizhou.

In order to understand the characteristics of S gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in Guizhou province, and grasp the genetic variation of PEDV, according to 3 pairs of specific primers designed in the test, S gene of 6 strains of PEDV from Guizhou were amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and sequenced.Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic tree of 6 strains of PEDV from Guizhou and reference strains were analyzed by biological information software.The result showed that the length of S gene genome of 6 strains of PEDV from Guizhou was 4 161 bp, encoding 1 387 amino acids, and the nucleotide homologies of domestic and foreign PEDV reference were from 93.3% to 98.8%, the amino acid identity were from 91.6% to 98.9%.Phylogenetic tree analysis results showed that the 6 strains were close to the American strain, Vietnam strain and the Shandong strain.They were far from the CV777, LZC, Brl and 83P-5.The experiment showed that the S gene of PEDV in Guizhou had a certain degree of amino acid change in recent year with a trend of variation.The study provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of PEDV in Guizhou province.

为了对贵州省镇宁县某种牛场爆发的疑似牛乳头状肿瘤病进行诊断,采用了流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理切片观察和分子生物学分析等方法.结果表明:该种牛场牛乳头状瘤发病率为30％ (12/40);瘤体多呈结节状及菜花状,颜色多为灰白色;病理切片显示瘤体呈现角质化过度和细胞空泡化现象;遗传进化树分析贵州省镇宁县爆发的牛乳头状肿瘤病是由牛乳头瘤病毒2型(BPV-2)所引起,与BPV-1、BPV-13进化关系最近.

In order to study and analyze the L2 gene of Bovine papillamavirus 2 in Guizhou province, the L2 gene of BPV2-GZ01 strain was amplified, cloned and sequenced using bioinformatic softwares and methods, the secondary structure, tertiary structure, B-cell preponderant epitope, conserved domains analysis, transmembrane domain and signal peptide of L2 gene were predicted.The results indicated the length of L2 gene was 1404 bp, encoding 467 amino acids.The L2 gene of BPV2-GZ01 strain shared a nucleotide identities of 99.0％、99.7％、99.3％、83.9％ and 75.1％, and an amino acid identities of 98.9％、99.6％、99.4％、89.5％ and 82.7％ with those of strains BPV2, BPV2-SW01, BPV2-AKS01, BPV13 and BPV1, respectively.The results of phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that there was a close relationship between BPV2-GZ01 strain and BPV2-SW01.Prediction of the secondary structure of L2 indicated that the random coil, extended strand and alphahelix took a higher percentage.The L2 protein was supposed contain antigen epitopes, and have a transmembrane domains, no signal peptide found.Tertiary structure is curved spiral structure.These results provided a theoretical basis for further research of nucleic acid vaccine of BPV.

为了确诊贵州省贵阳市某动物园梅花鹿死亡的原因,采用了流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理剖检、细菌分离培养、血涂片检查和支原体检测等方法对发病死亡的梅花鹿进行诊断.根据流行病学调查、病理剖检初步诊断送检的病死梅花鹿疑似血液原虫、支原体和细菌感染,经血涂片、支原体核酸检测和细菌分离,结果支原体检测出特异性条带,判断为阳性;血涂片吉姆萨染色镜检,观察到大量的呈齿轮状、星芒状或不规则形状的变形红细胞,判断为附红细胞体.结果表明:造成该动物园梅花鹿发病死亡的原因为附红细胞体和支原体混合感染.

全面建设生态文明已经成为目前全党全社会的共识.以最严格的制度促进生态文明建设是当前的紧迫任务.党政同责是生态文明建设制度的重要组成部分.责任政党政府理论为生态文明建设党政同责奠定了理论基石,国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设是党政同责的现实基础,二者回答了生态文明建设中为什么可以而且应当实行党政同责的问题.设立明晰细化的责任权力清单,做到有权必有责、失责必被究、被究必有效,让党政同责有效运行是党政同责制度核心的价值追求.为了让党政同责制度具有长远的生命力,必须将党政同责规范化、制度化,建立起完善的履职风险防范体系,使该制度具有合理性.

In order to find out the serotype,resistant phenotype and genotype of Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Salmonella in piglets,this study collected 128 samples of diarrhea piglets from seven large-scale pig farms in five cities in Guizhou province,and the E.coli and Salmonella were isolated and identified.The pathogenicity of the strain was identified by animal test.The drug resistance of the main pathogen was tested by drug susceptibility paper.The resistance gene of each pathogen was detected by PCR.The drug resistance and genotype correlation of the bacterial were analyzed.The results showed that 78 strains of pathogenic E.coli and 21 strains of Salmonella were isolated and identified in this study.The serotypes of pathogenic E.coli were predominantly O138 and O87.Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis were predominant serotypes.The susceptibility test showed that the resistant strains of 78 strains of E.coli were more than 80％ resistant to β-1actams and more than 40％ for other antibacterials.The resistance rate of 21 strains of Salmonella to aminoglycosides was more than 50％ and more than 20％ to other types of antibacterials;12 and 10 kinds of drug resistance-related genes of E.coli and Salmonella were detected,respectively;The coincidence rate of resistant genotype and phenotype of two kinds of bacteria were above 60％,and both were multiple drug resistance.This study provided a theoretical basis for comprehensive prevention and control of piglets diarrhea.

To investigate the law of growth and decline of PEDV IgA antibody in sow milk after immunization with porcine viral diarrhea vaccine.The experiment screened 100 pregnant sows,including four experimental groups and one control group,the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)-porcine rotavirus (PoRV) live vaccine(PTR) and PEDV-TGEV inactivated vaccine(PT) were used by different immunization methods.The first group of experiments were immunized with PTR at prenatal 40 d and 20 d,the second group of experiments were immunized with PT at prenatal 40 d and 20 d,the third group of experiments were immunized with PTR at prenatal 40 d and were immunized with PT at prenatal 20 d,the fourth group of experiments were immunized with PT at prenatal 40 d and were immunized with PTR at prenatal 20 d,the control group were injected with saline in prenatal 40 d and 20 d.The PEDV IgA antibody assay kit was used to detect specific PEDV IgA antibody levels in the milk of all groups collected at 0,1,2,3,5,7,10,14 d after sows delivery.The results showed that the antibody titer of IgA of the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group.There was significantly difference between the first,the second group and the third,the fourth group (P＜ 0.01).There was no significantly difference between the first and the second group,and,between the third and the fourth group (P＜0.05).The results indicated that the effect of the PTR and the PT were significantly better than that of the single vaccine at the prenatal 40 day and 20 day.Only injected PTR to sow at 10 d after delivery,the milk has no protective effect on piglets,injected PT to sow after the first 7 day of lactation no protective effect on piglets.Through this experiment,we found the growth and decline law of maternal antibody of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,which provided theoretical support for the future development of immunization program.