中美两国促进医学院校教师教学能力发展,包括在院校认证标准中进行明确要求、建立发展机构加以助力、保障教师参与培训项目、建立培训体系等.对相关认证标准、机构调查报告、研究文献进行梳理、比较,对我国启示如下:进一步扩大医学专业认证领域,加强服务机构,科学规划教师培训内容等.

目的 了解军队医学院校任职培训中案例教学法的应用状况.方法 使用自制问卷,在283名学员、36名教员和18名教学督导专家3个群体中实施调查.结果 83.3％的教员认为自己在以往的教学中尝试过案例教学法,但有52.7％的教员不了解或不确定自己是否了解案例教学法.培训中很多课程都使用了案例教学法,50.0％的教员和66.7％的专家认为大部分课程有必要使用案例教学法.72.0％的专家认同教员使用的案例具有典型性和代表性,但83??0％的专家认为案例与部队的关联性一般.缺少高质量的案例和缺少相关的师资培训等是影响案例教学法使用的主要因素.结论 院校要推进案例教学的实施,需要加强案例教学建设的组织管理,为教员提供相关培训,并积极支持教员密切联系一线部队,采编贴近部队的高质量案例.

军医大学在深入开展实战化教学过程中,面临一些难题.案例教学因情境性、实践性、互动性的特征,可以有效推动实战化教学的深入开展.具体举措包括,树立通过优化教学模式推进实战化教学的教学理念;与军队合作创设实战化教学案例库;根据军事医学课程特点,分阶段使用不同形式的案例教学法;构建适用于案例教学的教学质量评价指标体系.

The United States attaches importance to teachers' teaching ability development in higher medical colleges and universities. The measures include integrating the promotion of teacher development into the certification standards of colleges and universities, establishing a specialized service organization, updating the training content and form , and evaluating the effectiveness of the training programs . The enlightenment for medical colleges and universities in China is to improve the status of teaching in colleges and universities, strengthen the construction of teaching service organization, scientifically plan the teachers' career development, enrich the teacher training content, and diversify the training model.

对美国、我国公共卫生硕士课程体系从设置依据、结构与内容、管理与实施、质量保证四方面进行比较发现,我国MPH课程体系存在一些不足.应进一步明确培养目标,围绕核心能力要求构建课程体系;充实课程内容,重视核心课程、跨专业课程和实践性课程的开发与建设;改进教学方法,严格课程管理,完善课程教学评价与监督体系.

This paper compared and analyzed the professional ethics norm of medical teachers in Britain and China, and found that the two were basically the same in aspects of respecting teachers'occupations, attaching importance to teachers' professional development and fairness and justice, and there were differences in aspects of conceptual expression, point of view and specialization. Therefore, to construct professional ethics of medical teachers in China need to clarify hierarchy, highlight the professionalism and reflect the practicality.

The paper introduced the theory of the standard score and its application in instructional supervision and analyzed the difference between the standard score and original score in instructional supervision recording and revealed the reasons behind the difference.Besides,the paper pointed out the advantages which included scientificity and stability,providing information of the grade level,being suitable for longitudinal comparison and the crosswise comparison,and disadvantages such as complex calculation and depending on the distribution of original records.Finally,the paper put forward some recommendations on using standard score in instructional supervision:keeping the stability of the supervision expert team,insurance of supervision times,carrying out classified supervision and viewing the scores in its entirety.

To adapt to the third global medical education reform with the core competence of “post compe-tency”, we discussed the ideas of the new curricula system of public health courses for masters based on the post competencies.First,the teaching objectives should be developed and the post competency and the basis of the cur -riculum system should be clarified .Second,combined with practical needs, the practicality should be highlighted and the curriculum system should be optimized .Third,the construction of teaching staff should be strengthened , communication and cooperation should be deepened , and the curriculum evaluation system should be optimized to guarantee the course quality.

“Professional Standards of the UK Medical Educators 2012” is an important text for the profes-sional development of medical teachers.This study described the standard-setting body, background, main con-tents of the Professional Standards and compared it with professional competence requirements for medical teachers in China so as to provide enlightenment to Chinese medical educators professional standards.

The key point of improving postgraduate students'education level is to cultivate innovation abili-ty.The article analyzed influence factors of innovation ability and interrelation of the factors.The article also put forward measures to enable postgraduate students the capability of innovation.Optimize curriculum and teaching method could set foundation for innovation ability;guidance of tutor and group could simulation their passion of in-novation;reform reward and punishment system could promote their innovation practice; improve innovation envi-ronment could provide condition of innovation.

军队干休所老干部高年龄、高患病率的趋势日益显著,易发心脑血管意外等急症.这些急症发病急,易夜间发病,干休所军医是第一个到达现场的医务人员,因而熟练掌握急救技能显得极为重要[1].为了解干休所军医急症处置能力,笔者对干休所军医急症处置能力进行了调查,旨在为提高军队离退休老干部卫生服务水平提供参考. 1 对象和方法 1.1 调查对象 于2013年3月起,对在某军医院校干休所军医培训班学习的军医进行调查,共发放问卷732份,回收有效问卷715份,有效回收率97.68％.

军队医学本科留学生教育在我国刚刚起步，第二军医大学经过两年的探索，通过科学的顶层设计，建立了留学生教学、管理和质量保证体系，有力促进了军队医学本科留学生教育的质量。

Seventy six medical equipment departments of military third -grade hospitals were surveyed to get their perspectives to the military quality control system of medical equipment .Based on the survey and expert consultation , the military quality control system of medical equipment was established , which could provide refer-ences for the quality control of medical equipment .

文章调查了军队干休所医生培训与学习状况,分析调查结果,提出了完善干休所医生培训工作,提高培训质量,需要采取的对策.

With investigation of 63 medical engineering departments of military tertiary hospitals, problems in quality control of medical equipment and training of equipment operators were discovered. The directors of medical engineering departments expected to strengthen discipline construction and be responsible for medical equipment quality control, so as to make medical engineering department be equally important to medical department and nursing department.

通过对某医科院校学生进行调查,了解他们对教学评价的认识、对评价方法、评价内容、评价结果利用等问题的看法,总结了学生评教的意义和影响因素,从而提出了学生评教的改进方向:增强学生的评教意识,分类分学科设置更科学的评教标准,搭建教师和学生交流平台.

通过教师和督导专家进行调查，了解他们对教学督导、督导结果利用、教师发展现状等问题的看法，提出学校应重视教师的发展性评价，在制订评价标准时鼓励教师的参与，针对不同年资的教师开展分类评价，评价结果应注重教师的长期发展，要鼓励加强专家及时沟通，针对题进行指导，教师发展项目开以应以评价结果为依据。

Objective:The purpose of the study was to compare the preventive care use and health between the elderly living alone and living with other individuals and identify strategies to improve the preventive care use among the elderly living alone.Methods:A questionnaire including socioeconomic characteristics,preventive care use,health status and Social Support Rate Scale was administered to 240 elderly living alone and 244 elderly living with other individuals in Shanghai,China.Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the predictors of preventive care use.Results:The elderly living alone were more likely to be single（never married,divorced,separated and widowed）,have lower social support and income,utilize less routine physical check-up and blood glucose screenings,have worse self-reported health and have limitations in IADL compared to the elderly living with other individuals.Women,old age,high education,income and social support and close to medical institutions were positively associated with routine physical check-up among the elderly.Conclusion:Living alone was associated with less preventive care use and worse health.It was important to provide more social support and economic support for the elderly living alone to increase their preventive health care service utilization and improve their health status.

Through the comparative study of MPH education between China and USA,this paper analyzed the enrollment system,training objectives,major field,curriculum,learning methods and learning time of the program in Second Military Medical University and Harvard University.The aim of this paper was providing available experience for our MPH education.

教师专业发展阶段是教师教育研究中的重点问题,国内外学者从不同视角进行研究,形成教师关注阶段论、教师发展时期论、职业生命周期阶段论等丰富的理论,文章对这些研究成果进行了梳理和评析,以期阐明下一步研究需要努力的方向。