Ferroelectric domain walls have emerged as promising building blocks for next-generation nanoelectronics. Recent studies have revealed that large-angle c/a twin boundaries in lead-based ferroelectric thin films exhibit superior physical properties, including enhanced piezoelectric responses, flexoelectric effects, and multi-caloric behaviors. However, the realization of analogous c/a ferroelastic structures in lead-free BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films remains challenging. Here, we report the successful construction of coherent pseudo-c/a twin domain walls in highly tetragonal Ga-doped BFO thin films. These domain boundaries are found to accommodate cross-hatched polarization arrays that effectively compensate domain wall electrostatics, along with a markedly enhanced flexoelectric effect. Moreover, these twin boundaries exhibit polarization-gated switchable conductivity, highlighting their potential for use in memory devices. Our work offers new insights into the design of large-angle ferroelectric domain walls and lays a foundation for future domain-wall-based electronic applications.

A ternary Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 film achieves 91 J cm −3 recoverable energy density and 80% efficiency via an IID (in-plane domain – insulating layer – defect dipole) synergistic strategy, with exceptional cycling endurance and thermal stability.

Upcycling waste plastics into liquid fuels presents significant potential for advancing the circular economy but is hindered by poor selectivity and low-value methane byproduct formation. In this work, we report that atomic Ru-doped ZrO 2 can selectively convert 100 grams of post-consumer polyethylene and polypropylene, yielding 85 mL of liquid in a solvent-free hydrocracking. The liquid (C 5 -C 20 ) comprises ~70% jet-fuel-ranged branched hydrocarbons (C 8 -C 16 ), while the gas product is liquefied-petroleum-gas (C 3 -C 6 ) without methane and ethane. We found that the atomic Ru dopant in the Ru-O-Zr moiety functionalizes its neighboring O atom, originally inert, to create a Brønsted acid site. This Brønsted acid site, rather than the atomic Ru dopant itself, selectively governs the internal C−C bond cleavage in polyolefins through a carbonium ion mechanism, thereby enhancing the yield of jet-fuel-ranged hydrocarbons and suppressing methane formation. This oxide modulation strategy provides a paradigm shift in catalyst design for hydrocracking waste plastics and holds potential for a broad spectrum of applications.

Ferroelectric topologies, renowned for their nanoscale dimensions and external electric field tunability, are emerging as leading candidates for high-density, low-power memory devices in the Big Data era. While polar configurations such as vortices, flux-closure domains, center-type domains, skyrmions, and merons have been extensively explored, antivortices remain largely underdeveloped. In this work, the discovery and realization of stable polar vortex-antivortex pair arrays within multiferroic-dielectric superlattices are reported with integrated experimental and theoretical efforts, enabled by low-symmetry BiFeO3 with diagonal spontaneous polarization. By employing atomic-level engineering to precisely modulate the architecture of BiFeO3 layers, achieving unprecedented periodicities as small as 4.5 nm. These arrays exhibit exceptional thermal stability, preserving their structural integrity above room temperature, and reversible polarization switching under applied electric fields. Additionally, the sensitivity of domain wall configurations to the dielectric layer thickness offers further tunability. These findings not only expand the scope of ferroelectric topologies but also provide a versatile platform for harnessing antivortices in practical applications, paving the way for next-generation ultrahigh-density, low-power memory technologies.

Single image reflection separation aims to separate the transmission and reflection layers from a mixed image. Existing methods typically combine general priors from pre-trained models with task-specific priors such as text prompts and reflection detection. However, the transmission prior, as the most direct task-specific prior for the target transmission layer, has not been effectively modeled or fully utilized, limiting performance in complex scenarios. To address this issue, we propose a dual-prior interaction framework based on lightweight transmission prior generation and effective prior fusion. First, we design a Local Linear Correction Network (LLCN) that finetunes pre-trained models based on the physical constraint T=SI+B, where S and B represent pixel-wise and channel-wise scaling and bias transformations. LLCN efficiently generates high-quality transmission priors with minimal parameters. Second, we construct a Dual-Prior Interaction Transformer (DPIT) that employs a dual-stream channel reorganization attention mechanism. By reorganizing features from general and transmission priors for attention computation, DPIT achieves deep fusion of both priors, fully exploiting their complementary information. Experimental results on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance.

HfO2-based thin films possess the merits of robust ferroelectricity at the nanoscale and compatibility with modern Si technology, show great potential in nanoelectronics. However, the high coercive field (Ec) of such fluorite-structure oxide ferroelectrics usually leads to undesired endurance performance and dielectric breakdown, which impedes their practical applications. Herein, the Ho-doped HfO2 (HHO) film with high polarization and superior ferroelectric endurance is reported, enabled by local structural engineering through holmium doping and thickness modulation. The predominantly (111)-oriented films display enhanced remanent polarization (35 µC cm-2) and excellent endurance without failure even after 1011 electric field cycles. The evolved rhombohedral distortion and stronger chemical bonding, regulated by local structure engineering, can avoid defect aggregation to overcome the undesirable fatigue drawback in the ferroelectric phase (Pca21). These results are significant in stabilizing ferroelectric hafnia-based films and make them more suitable for long-lasting device applications.

Layout Synthesis for Quantum Computing (LSQC) is a critical component of quantum design tools. Traditional LSQC studies primarily focus on optimizing for reduced circuit depth by adopting a device-centric design methodology. However, these approaches overlook the impact of classical processing and communication time, thereby being insufficient for Dynamic Quantum Circuits (DQC). To address this, we introduce CLASS, a controller-centric layout synthesizer designed to reduce inter-controller communication latency in a distributed control system. It consists of a two-stage framework featuring a hypergraph-based modeling and a heuristic-based graph partitioning algorithm. Evaluations demonstrate that CLASS effectively reduces communication latency by up to 100

The patterning of perovskites is significant for optical encryption, display, and optoelectronic integrated devices. However, stringent and complex fabrication processes restrict its development and applications. Here, we propose a conceptual methodology to realize erasable patterns based on binary mix-halide perovskite films via a direct photo-patterning technique. Controllable ion migration and photochemical degradation mechanism of iodine-rich regions ensure high-fidelity photoluminescence images with different patterns, sizes, and fast self-erasure time within 5 seconds, yielding erasable photonic cryptography chip, which guarantees the efficient transmission of confidential information and avoids the secondary leakage of information. The ultrafast information encryption, decryption, and erasable processes are attributed to the modulation of the crystallographic orientation of the perovskite film, which lowers the ion migration activation energy and accelerates the ion migration rate. Neural network-assisted multi-level pattern encoding technology with high accuracy and efficiency further enriches the content of the transmitted information and increases the security of the information. This pioneering work provides a strategy and opportunity for the integration of erasable photonic patterning devices based on perovskite materials.

Relaxor ferroelectric thin films are recognized for their ultrahigh power density, rendering them highly promising for energy storage applications in electrical and electronic systems. However, achieving high energy storage performance with chemically homogeneous, environmentally friendly and compositionally stable materials remains challenging. In this work, we present a design of dielectrics with high energy storage performance via an in-plane polar domains incorporating polar nanoregions mechanism. Guided by phase-field simulations, we synthesized La/Si co-doping BaTiO3 solid-solution thin films with high chemical homogeneity to realize high energy storage performance. Given that, we achieve a high energy density of 203.7J/cm3 and an energy efficiency of approximately 80% at an electric field of 6.15MV/cm. This mechanism holds significant promise for the design of next-generation high-performance dielectric materials for energy storage and other advanced functional materials.

Tensile biaxial strain has been demonstrated to induce in-plane ferroelectricity in SrTiO3 thin films at room temperature. However, out-of-plane ferroelectricity is more favorable for electronic device applications. Here, we report the achievement of room-temperature out-of-plane ferroelectric SrTiO3 thin films with giant tetragonality (c/a ∼ 1.061) and an ultrahigh ferroelectric stablity temperature (>1000 K) through epitaxial strain and defect engineering. Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) proves that the enhancement of tetragonality enables improved ferroelectricity. Moreover, a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) reveals the origin of enhanced tetragonality and strong ferroelectricity in defect- and strain-codriven supertetragonal SrTiO3 thin films. Our findings present an approach to material design that can be extended to other material systems for the enhancement of ferroelectricity and the observation of emergent phenomena.

In cardiac ablation procedures, the accuracy of catheter positioning determines the authenticity of the cardiac model and the accuracy of the ablation target. This article reviews the literature on catheter positioning in electrophysiology and summarizes the key technologies for catheter positioning, such as magnetic-electric fusion and interference suppression. Addressing the limitations of electric and magnetic positioning individually, the paper elaborates on the rationale for catheter positioning technology based on magnetic-electric fusion. It also outlines the framework of a complex catheter positioning system. Specifically, the magnetoelectric conversion matrix is established first, followed by the optimization of the catheter shape. The interference factors such as magnetic field interference, body movement, respiration, and heartbeat in catheter positioning and their suppression methods are analyzed and discussed in detail. Finally, the development trend of three-dimensional electrophysiology catheter positioning technology is prospected, offering feasible insights for the research on catheter positioning technology based on magnetic-electric fusion.

Pt-supported SPEEK (sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)) thin films, mimicking the ionomer-electrode interface in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), were synthesized with thicknesses from 12 to 105 nm. Their glass transition temperature (T-g) was analyzed via in situ thermal ellipsometry, revealing a thickness-dependent decrease in T-g, indicative of confinement effects. Particularly, a 30 nm film, typical of practical ionomer films, exhibited surface crystallization preceding that at the buried interface, a phenomenon linked to higher mobility at the free surface, as confirmed by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) at both subcritical (0.09 degrees) and supercritical (0.14 degrees) angles. This study elucidates the dynamic interplay between the high-mobility-free surface and the interaction-intensive buried interface in confined SPEEK thin films. It was observed that below 30 nm thickness, interfacial interactions become the primary factor influencing transition temperature. Additionally, spatially heterogeneous crystallization, more pronounced in the out-of-plane direction, correlates with reduced proton conduction, underscoring the impact of membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA) hot-pressing on the functional properties of Nafion alternatives.

Hafnia-based ferroelectrics have become a valuable class of electronic functional materials at the nanoscale, showing great potential for next-generation memory and logic devices. However, more robust ferroelectric properties and better understanding of the polarization mechanisms are currently needed both in technology and science. Herein, we report the properties of oxygen-deficient Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films with ultralarge remanent polarization (Pr) of 387 uC cm-2 at room temperature (1 kHz). Structure characterizations identify a new ferroelectric monoclinic Pc phase in these Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films. The in-situ STEM measurements evidence polar displacements of the oxygen atoms, which move up and down in the Pc structure under applied DC bias fields, showing a huge displacement (1.6 A). DFT calculations optimized the Pc structure and also predicted a large polarization. The coexistence of the ferroelectric monoclinic (Pc) phases and orthorhombic (Pca21) is responsible for this superior ferroelectric properties. These findings are promising for hafnia-based ferroelectric applications in integrated ferroelectric devices, energy harvesting and actuators, etc.

Jointing YBa2Cu3O7-z (YBCO) superconducting coated-conductor (CC) tapes is becoming increasingly significant for magnet applications because of the limited length of single tapes. In this work, YBCO CC tapes stabilized by silver were connected by low-temperature sintering of nano-silver paste. The effect of sintering time and lapped length on the electrical properties of YBCO joints were systematically investigated. And the correlation between microstructure and bonding force of the joints with extending the sintering time was established. It is found that joints sintered within 1∼5 min exhibit relatively lower resistance, while the maximum axial tensile strength at room temperature (RT) was improved with increasing sintering time. Considering the electromechanical properties, ten min is selected as the optimal sintering time for nano-silver paste. The joint by this efficient technology possesses closely connected interface, similar critical current and axial tensile strength (RT) to the single CC tape. The joint resistivity is as low as ∼12.5 nΩ·cm2, which is much less than the traditional soldering joint.

The optoelectronic performance of quantum cascade detectors (QCDs) is highly sensitive to the design of the energy level structure, leading to the inability of a single structure to achieve broad wavelength tuning. To address this issue, we propose and demonstrate a modular concept for very long wave infrared (VLWIR) QCDs based on a miniband diagonal transition scheme. The modular design makes the wavelength tuning only need to be adjusted for the absorption quantum well module rather than for the whole active region. Theoretical simulation shows that the wavelength tuning range is 39.6 meV (similar to 14-30 similar to 14-30 mu m). To prove the feasibility of the scheme, three samples with different absorption well widths were fabricated and characterized. At 10 K, the response wavelengths of the three QCDs are 14, 16, and 18 mu m, respectively, corresponding to responsivities and detectivities exceeding 2 mA/W and 1 x 1010 10 Jones.

The deterministic creation and modification of domain walls in ferroelectric films have attracted broad interest due to their unprecedented potential as the active element in non-volatile memory, logic computation and energy-harvesting technologies. However, the correlation between charged and antiphase states, and their hybridization into a single domain wall still remain elusive. Here we demonstrate the facile fabrication of antiphase boundaries in BiFeO 3 thin films using a He-ion implantation process. Cross-sectional electron microscopy, spectroscopy and piezoresponse force measurement reveal the creation of a continuous in-plane charged antiphase boundaries around the implanted depth and a variety of atomic bonding configurations at the antiphase interface, showing the atomically sharp 180° polarization reversal across the boundary. Therefore, this work not only inspires a domain-wall fabrication strategy using He-ion implantation, which is compatible with the wafer-scale patterning, but also provides atomic-scale structural insights for its future utilization in domain-wall nanoelectronics.

High-temperature superconducting films can be used for fabricating the cutting-edge high-temperaturesuperconducting microwave devices because of their low microwave surface resistances. However, the microwavesurface resistances of high-temperature superconducting materials are particularly sensitive to microstructuredue to their special two-dimensional superconducting mechanisms and extremely short superconductingcoherence lengths. To investigate the correlations between microstructure and microwave surface resistance ofhigh-temperature superconducting materials, YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO) films with different thickness are grown on(00l)-oriented MgO single-crystal substrates by using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. Electricalmeasurements reveal that their superconducting transition temperatures and room temperature resistances donot show significant difference. However, their microwave surface resistances in superconducting state display asignificant difference. The characterizations of the microstructures of YBCO films by synchrotron radiationthree-dimensional reciprocal space mapping(3D-RSM) technique show that the number of the grains with CuO2face parallel to the surface (c crystals), and the consistency of grain orientation are the main causes for thedifference in microwave surface resistance

Narrow bandpass filters (NBPFs) play important roles in optics, such as quantum communication, spectrometer, and wavelength division multiplexing. However, the stopband and restraint ability of traditional NBPFs is limited. In this article, a coupled Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) induced transmission theory has been proposed to design high-efficiency NBPFs with ultra-wide deep stopbands. An NBPF at 1.55 µm has been experimentally demonstrated with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 10 nm and stopband ranging from 0.2 to 25 µm which is 62 times wider than that of traditional ones. Furthermore, the restraint depth of the stopband reaches 0.03%, which is only 1/20 of a traditional filter with the same FWHM. Its advantage in restraining ambient light over traditional ones has also been demonstrated with an InGaAs infrared detector. It provides a very powerful way to capture specific narrowband optical signals from ultra-wide strong ambient light, especially useful for daytime quantum communications.

We report comprehensive investigations into the structure of high-quality (111)-oriented SrRuO 3 films on SrTiO 3 substrates to elucidate the effect of (111) heteroepitaxial strain. We found that SrRuO 3 film with a thickness of ∼ 40 nm is compressively strained in plane on the substrate with full coherency. Nevertheless, the out-of-plane spacing is almost the same as in the bulk, which is at odds with the conventional paradigm. By probing a series of half-order Bragg reflections using synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction combined with analyses of the scanning transmission electron microscopy images, we discovered that the heteroepitaxial strain is accommodated via significant suppression of the degree of c + octahedral tilting and the formation of three equivalent domain structures on the (111) SrTiO 3 substrate. This anomalous effect sheds light on the understanding of an unconventional paradigm of film–substrate coupling for the (111) heteroepitaxial strain.

A hydrogen-filled capillary discharge waveguide made of quartz is presented for high-energy laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA). The experimental parameters (discharge current and gas pressure) were optimized to mitigate ablation by a quantitative analysis of the ablation plasma density inside the hydrogen-filled quartz capillary. The ablation plasma density was obtained by combining a spectroscopic measurement method with a calibrated gas transducer. In order to obtain a controllable plasma density and mitigate the ablation as much as possible, the range of suitable parameters was investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that the ablation in the quartz capillary could be mitigated by increasing the gas pressure to similar to 7.5-14.7 Torr and decreasing the discharge current to similar to 70-100 A. These optimized parameters are promising for future high-energy LWFA experiments based on the quartz capillary discharge waveguide. Published by AIP Publishing.