The purpose of these studies was to analyse and compare the content of bromine in samples of chicken eggs, feed, and water from different regions of Ukraine in the dynamics of 2016 – 2020: with an increased risk of bromine in products (Kharkiv, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk and Mykolaiv regions) and outside the risk zone (Volyn, Vinnytsia and Zaporizhzhia). Studies of bromine content in eggs, feed, and water were performed in the laboratory of toxicological monitoring of the National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine" (Kharkiv) using X-ray fluorescence analysis. As a result of the conducted researches, the increase of the bromine content in chicken eggs in the dynamics of 2016 – 2020 was established: the bromine content increased regardless of the region of the poultry farm location. The highest bromine concentration in chicken eggs was found in Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Mykolaiv, and Zaporizhia regions. Bromine source in poultry products is the excessive intake of bromine in the poultry body with alimentary environmental factors (feed and water). Bromine content in feed for chickens increased in the research dynamics (from 35.1% in the Poltava region to 2.5 times in the Zaporizhzhia region). It exceeded the established EFSA (4.4% of the total) and the average in Ukraine (51.2% of the total number of samples). In addition, the average bromine content in feed from poultry farms of the studied regions of Ukraine correlated with the number of registered and approved bromine-containing pesticides. The average bromine concentration in water sources in the studied regions of Ukraine had no significant differences compared to the beginning of the study but exceeded the maximum allowable concentration by 21.7% in 2016, 34.8% in 2018 and 39.1% in 2020. The maximum bromine concentration was in water sources in Mykolayiv, Kharkiv, and Dnipropetrovsk regions.
Allergic examination using PPD-tuberculins is the main method of life-time tuberculosis diagnostics in farm animals and poultry. However, it is known about a decrease in the diagnostic value of allergic reactions after irradiation of animals, the occurrence of non-specific, pseudo-allergic reactions. One of the reasons for the manifestation of non-specific reactions may be autosensitisation (autoallergisation) of the body by the breakdown products of personal tissues, which is especially pronounced with radiation damage. Ionizing radiation affects the manifestation of tuberculin sensitivity, the course of tuberculosis and autoimmune processes in the body. Differential diagnostics of non-specific tuberculin reactions remains not yet a fully solved problem, although there are many tests for its implementation. After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, a considerable number of animals remained in the adjacent territories contaminated with radioactive substances, including those infected with the causative agent of tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria. It is known that irradiation leads to autosensitisation of the body by the breakdown products of its own tissues and the development of non-specific pseudoallergic reactions to heterologous allergens. Therefore, work was carried out to study the allergic reactivity of tuberculosis patients and laboratory animals sensitised with atypical mycobacteria irradiated with gamma radiation (200 guinea pigs). It was established that 14-60 days after infection with tuberculosis pathogens, 90-100% of cavies developed allergic reactions to PPD-tuberculin for mammals and poultry, mainly to a homologous allergen. Allergic reactivity persisted until 90 days of the study. After exposure to sublethal (non-lethal) doses of gamma rays, infected and intact cavies developed non-specific reactions to tuberculin and heterologous allergens: mallein and brucellin. In cavies uninfected with the causative agent of tuberculosis, 7 days after gamma radiation exposure, non-specific reactions to mycobacterial allergens were observed at a dose load of 200 R in 16.6%; 150 R – 5.3% in the group, and after 27 days in irradiated doses of 50 R and 100 R in 25% and 33% of the studied animals, respectively. Isolated reactions to brucellin and mallein occurred in animals infected with the causative agent of tuberculosis and intact animals 60 days after irradiation with doses of 50 R, 100 R and 150 R. The manifestation of non-specific allergies in irradiated animals depended on the radiation dose rate and radiosensitivity of the animals
Fructan-type polysaccharidescomes from natural sources and occur in a large variety of plants, where they play important biological roles as reserve carbohydrate. One of the most commonly distributed compound from this group – inulin has been part of human daily diet for hundreds of years, as it is found in many fruits and vegetables, among others, bananas, onions and wheat. The inulin-type fructans: inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered to be functional food elements, the consumption of which brings about health benefits. Indeed, inulin can be consumed to increase the dietary fiber content. Fructan compounds, inulin and fructooligosaccharides have a strong bifidogenic effect, and have a positive action on the gut microbiota. In this work, we preformed gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Erigeron annuus L. herb. The GC-MS analysis of carbohydrate composition confirmed the presence of free (arabinose, glucose, fructose 1, fructose 2) and fermented (arabinose, glucose, fructose 1, fructose 2, sucrose) carbohydrates at the quantity of 69.83 and 91.70 mg/g d.w., respectively.
OBJECTIVE:The aim: To determine the prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels for the development of cardiovascular complications in patients with a combined course of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and subclinical hypothyroidism.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and methods: 93 patients (mean age 61,71±0,87 years) with the combined course of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and subclinical hypothyroidism were examined. Parameters of lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, plasma insulin, VEGF (by ELISA), blood pressure levels were measured. Observation period was12 months.RESULTS:Results: VEGF levels in the patients group were significantly higher than in the controls (482,77±21,34 pg/ ml vs. 121,84±11,66 pg/ ml, p <0,001). The results of the ROC analysis made it possible to propose the level of VEGF ≥ 512.31 pg/ml as an identifier for the cardiovascular complications development in patients with studied comorbidity. VEGF levels in patients who developed cardiovascular complications during observation period were significantly higher the VEGF threshold levels (650,76 ± 52,04 pg / ml vs. 512,31 pg/ml, respectively, p = 0,038) and VEGF levels in patients without cardiovascular complications were significantly lower the threshold values (420,47± 21,67 pg/ml vs. 512,31 pg/ml, respectively, p = 0,047).CONCLUSION:Conclusions: Determination of the vascular endothelial growth factor plasma level allows to evaluate the long-term prognosis in comorbid course of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and subclinical hypothyroidism.
Finding livestock breeds that are resistant to high temperatures may be one of the strategies for mitigating the impact of global climate change on dairy farming. In this investigation, we studied the heat resistance of Holstein (HB) and Brown Swiss (BS) cows on two commercial dairy farms under the hot summer conditions of Ukraine. The physiological response of animals determined heat resistance by measuring rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR) in the morning (from 4:00 to 6:00) in comfortable conditions and the afternoon (from 14:00 to 16:00), during heat load. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was used to characterize weather conditions and microclimate in naturally ventilated rooms (NVBs). BS cows were found to be heat resistant. The reaction of HB cows to the heat was manifested by higher growth of RT and RR, and they suffered significant losses in the daily milk yield per cow in the summer. Further research will need to elucidate the biological and genetic mechanisms of the identified breed differences in heat tolerance of dairy cows.
