葛洪移居图，又称葛稚川移居图，以颂扬老庄思想为主旨，着力展现东晋道士葛洪携家移居罗浮山修道、炼丹的情景。自唐代李升以及五代时期黄筌创作了葛洪移居图，此后历朝历代的画家们都会涉足这一题材，寄予所谓避世归隐的理想主义情怀。如图所示为现珍藏于南京大学博物馆，由清代画家萧晨于康熙三十六年（1697年）创作的葛洪移居图，纵175.5厘米，横102.7厘米。纸本设色，立轴。
弗里德里希·尼采的作品摧毁了西方思想的基石。上帝之死、超人和奴隶道德或多或少地渗透进我们的文化当中，而他也是历史上被误解很深的哲学家之一。尼采认为，所有的哲学都是自传性的，而在这本祛除神话的书中，苏·普里多引领读者进入了一个才华横溢、怪异非凡且厄运缠身的人的世界，并照见了那些塑造其生命及作品的人物与事件。
近几十年来，卢卡奇已无可争议地成为在中国哲学界享有盛名的西方哲学家。本书旨在通过对卢卡奇最具代表性的哲学著作——《历史与阶级意识》和《关于社会存在的本体论》的分析，展现他在半个多世纪的革命和学术生涯中，伴随国际共产主义运动的跌宕起伏和世界历史的风云变幻，矢志不移地钻研马克思主义哲学的思想轨迹，客观公正地评价他所建树的思想业绩。
本书收录美国芝加哥大学特级教授、美国艺术与科学院院士苏源熙教授自1993年起在中国文学和文化研究领域所写的16篇论文，由其亲自选编，是其在中国大陆出版的第一本代表性论文选集。作者以比较研究的视野，通过丰富的文本研究，对中国文学、礼乐文化、东亚文学史、文学翻译等领域的诸多问题进行了深入的探讨，尤其关注各个文化之间的互动对文学产生的影响，为中西学术对话与学术交流提供了重要启示。
在区域文化和城市记忆研究中，甚至具体到南京文学与文化研究中，王安石都是一个易被忽略的角色，这与他在中国文史哲领域的巨大贡献和丰硕成果形成鲜明落差。实际上，金陵记忆对王安石来说，是一种独特的存在，这种记忆不仅是曾为帝王师的王安石对曾为帝王州的金陵投来的温情一瞥，更是对自己身处其中的思辨反省与追问。尤其是晚年退居金陵的王安石，更是在金陵消化着他的学术矛盾、变法苦果、人生困境，最终完成思想演进、精神升华和灵魂救赎。这一切究竟是怎么发生的？金陵元素给予王安石多大的帮助？王安石的自我超越之路对今天的我们有什么启发？本书聚焦于此，从地方志和城市群像的窠臼中突围，深度挖掘名人个体与居住城市的时空、身心、群己等方面的耦合之道。
对价值形式分析的社会历史内涵的理解,应当深入到马克思政治经济学批判的研究和叙述过程之中.马克思在这一过程中,逐渐从"资本一般"研究计划,转向了对资本现实运动的研究,从而发现了在资本现实运动中存在的双重竞争以及两种平均化运动,这奠定了马克思的平均利润和生产价格理论.根据这一理论,马克思认识到作为资本主义生产结果的商品价值已经无法直接确定,它是资本价值和剩余价值的承担者,因此只能以货币形式的价格为表现.由于作为资本主义生产结果的商品所具有的这一特殊社会历史属性,对商品进行价值形式的分析,从而区分价值和价值的货币表现形式即价格就成为必要.平均利润与生产价格理论因此构成了价值形式分析的社会历史前提与内容,离开这一点,就将陷入对价值形式分析的抽象思辨讨论.
中国经济学是基于中国国情和在改革开放实践中形成的中国 自主知识体系的重要组成部分.中国经济学以中国特色社会主义政治经济学为指导思想.解放、发展和保护生产力,实现共同富裕是中国特色社会主义政治经济学的主线.中国经济学的任务是揭示处于社会主义初级阶段的经济规律,提供按经济规律推动中国式现代化的理论.经济制度、经济效益、经济发展、发展动力、经济安全是经济分析的五个维度.中国经济分析需要准确定位我国所处的发展阶段以及进入新发展阶段所面临的社会矛盾和发展任务,推进符合时代特征的经济改革和经济发展.中国经济学的方法论基础是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义,具体包括抽象法、辩证法和问题导向.中国经济学的方法论还涉及与西方经济学的区别和联系.中国经济学是马克思主义经济学的中国化和时代化,同西方经济学有明显的区别,尤其是在世界观上有根本区别,但在研究经济问题上有相通之处.中国经济学是发展的、包容的、与时俱进的.
In the perspective of the pre-Qin Confucian principle of being “inner sage and outer king”,there are two types of ideal personality:self-created and self-identified.In Confucianism of the Han Dynasty,the self-created personality was never allowed to go beyond Confucian ethical code,and a wary eye was always kept on the moral cultivation of the self-identified personality.The ideal personality of neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties indicated a trend of transformation from the self-created to the self-identified,and further strengthened its intrinsic virtue and potentiality for transcendence.Modern neo-Confucianism has attached great importance to the principle of being“inner sage and outer king”,showing a tendency of focusing the self-created in the discussion of ideal personality under the sway of the times.The interactive reinforcement of the self-created and self-identified personalities is an inevitable path to follow in realizing modern transformation of the ideal personality of Confucianism,so as to establish the independent status of a person.
经典马克思主义主要集中在对生产方式和社会形态理论的相对抽象层次上,按照马克思"从抽象上升到具体"的辩证方法,它亟待上升到世界历史的层面,通过资本批判与世界历史批判的有机结合,转型为一种内涵更加丰富、更加具体的世界体系理论.要构建马克思主义的世界体系理论,需要把握好以下四个关键要点:金融资本是支配资本主义世界体系发展的主要资本形态;金融资本必然与国家权力相结合;资本积累中心的转移和霸权国家的兴衰是资本主义世界体系扩张的具体机制;资本主义世界体系必然以社会主义对金融资本主义的超越为旨归.构建马克思主义的世界体系理论,是对新时代中国特色社会主义在世界历史发展过程中所承担的重大历史使命的理论自觉.
Administrative digitization,a requirement of law and policy in the new era,is to cope with the technological revolution and drastic social changes in the context of globalization.A digital society requires efficient and meaningful digital administration.With influence on the relationship between citizens and the state,administrative digitization embodies indeed the overall problem of administrative structure caused by the transition of information organization and decision-making process of the entire administrative system.Digitization poses a huge challenge to the“people”element in the process of administrative modernization and the competence system,the basis of the administrative organization law.This law urgently needs a scientific response and a rational transformation in the digital dimension.As a response to the driving mode of administrative spontaneous innovation,China’s administrative order system must keep its internal structure in sync with the dynamics of social technological innovation.It is necessary to avoid falling into the trap of“technological omnipotence”and escaping the regulation of the organizational legal framework.It is also vital to support the improvement of the effectiveness of administrative organizations achieved by digital methods justified by democratic legitimacy.
China’s modernization since the late Qing Dynasty started when the capitalism expanded itself worldside.As a result,this nation’s sovereignty and political authority were lost,and the society was disordered.The exploration of Chinese modernization is thus a result of the theoretical explorations and their practices urged by political failures,and the strategic social projects and revolutions that have been intended to save the nation.The experience of China’s modernization shows that it is indispensable for this nation to be independent and egalitarian with socialist system,and under the leadership of a strong political party and an efficient government in a governance-based policy culture,if it hopes to be successful in its modernization.The systems,experience and projects of the Chinese modernization reflect not only the generalities of modernization of different countries,but also Chinese characteristics based on history and national conditions,with a meaning,both particular and universal,to China and the world as well.
The substantive requirement for the obligation of the client to assist is that the work cannot be completed without this assistance.The obligation to assist is a consequence obligation,and the client’s fault to attribute the breach of the obligation to assist does not affect the determination of the breach of such an obligation.The obligation to assist is a non-monetary obligation,and the contractor cannot claim compulsory performance.If the client fails to perform such an obligation,the contractor may demand them to perform their obligation within a reasonable period of time,and may also extend the term of performance accordingly.If the client fails to assist after the expiration of the notice period,the contractor may rescind the contract,and the rescission of the contract does not affect the contractor’s claim for damages.The amount of compensation the contractor can claim for includes actual losses and the benefits expected to be obtained,should the contract have been performed;and when the contract is terminated,the costs saved up by the contractor shall be deducted from the compensation,due to the termination of performance.
The shapes resembling winged deities appeared in China during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties,but they were not the direct source of those Chinese winged deities in the post-Spring-and-Autumn Period.Originating undisputably from the Mesopotamia,the winged deities there had a clear connotation:they are the specific gods worshipped by their ancestors.The key point in the study of the origin of Chinese winged deities lies in wings,which have practical functions of carrying the deities into the sky.Therefore,the winged deities of Western Asia,Greece,and Persia have powerful wings that highlight their flying ability and divinity.In spreading eastward,the wings become decorated and symbolized,and those of Scythian and Sarmatian winged deities become evidently much smaller.The wings of Chinese winged deities carry on the symbolic characteristics of the Scythian and Sarmathian.Being enculturated,they later bring forth wing shapes of a great variety.Reviewing from wings themselves,we can land on the conclusion that there are no fixed wing-shape patterns for the Chinese winged deities,and furthermore they have typical Chinese cultural connotations:wings are not necessarily required for flying,since there is no absolute relationship between wings and divinity in the ancient Chinese thinking.
The large-scale introduction of foreign culture and literature plays such a big role in modern Chinese literature as to distinguish it from classical one,with literature translation to Chinese as a prominent feature.Modern times saw a large number of works of Chinese translation from other languages,and in the world history of literature and translation,none can compete with literature translation to Chinese in its numbers of works,time of lasting,and great influence on national literature and culture.Modern Chinese literature has,in its construction involved in all aspects such as literary conceptions,literary language,genre system and academic paradigms,so as to present a multidisciplinary significance to the contemporary literary studies.
Article 394 of the Civil Code is the legislative definition of mortgage.The typical way of mortgage establishment includes mortgage contract and mortgage registration.The mortgagee and the creditor must be the same subject.Based on this requirement,the legal effect of the agreement of real right in the mortgage contract and mortgage registration must directly belong to the creditor.When the creditor entrusts others to sign the mortgage contract in his own name and holds the mortgage right on behalf of the creditor,the mortgage right belongs to the creditor if it meets the constitutive requirements of unnamed principal agency.Mortgage is a kind of non-transferable possessive security interest.Therefore,its establishment,existence,legal effect and extinction are all separated from the possession of mortgaged property.In practice,the mortgage is often interleaved with such security interest as the pledge.It is necessary to distinguish the establishment of the security real right and the validity of the guarantee contract.The priority of project price belongs to legal security real right rather than legal mortgage right.A mortgage can secure a purely future claim as long as the claim is established and specified at the time the mortgage is realized.Owner mortgage should still be permitted in such areas as motor vehicle finance lease.
高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务.构建指导中国经济高质量发展的中国发展经济学自主知识体系,就是要以高质量发展开拓中国发展经济学"发展型式"、发展观、发展路径、发展任务、发展动能和发展战略的新境界.这需要在理论上回答"为什么要转向高质量发展、什么是高质量发展、如何转向高质量发展"三大基本理论命题.具体而言,当前中国发展经济学与一般发展经济学相比具有全新特征:它研究的是进入新发展阶段后中国式现代化的进程和经济规律,其自主知识体系建构涉及发展模式的质量型、经济结构优化、经济现代化、新发展格局构建、经济发展安全五个维度.同时,新发展理念是新发展阶段高质量发展的指导原则,为中国发展经济学的拓展提供创新发展、协调发展、绿色发展、开放发展、共享发展的理论依据.总之,以"新发展观、新发展阶段、新发展理念、新发展格局、发展制度建设"为框架,才能成功构建起指导经济高质量发展的中国发展经济学自主知识体系.
依靠自我革命跳出历史周期率是马克思主义政党的永恒命题.自我革命是马克思主义政党的本质属性、对党自身历史经验及国外大党教训的深刻总结、对防范风险挑战的现实反思等蕴含着以 自我革命跳出历史周期率的深刻内在逻辑.进入新时代,党通过以科学理论筑牢理想信念根基、发扬斗争精神克服精神懈怠危险、正风肃纪强力反腐保持肌体健康、以有效的权力监督推动 自我净化等实践探索,走出了以 自我革命跳出历史周期率的成功之路.自我革命跳出历史周期率需要继续从共产主义的理想信念中注入精神动因,继续从人民至上的执政取向中注入力量源泉,继续在全面从严治党的管党实践中汲取凝聚力.
到2035年建成社会主义文化强国是中国特色社会主义文化主体性历史地实现 自身并全面占有 自身本质的过程.这一过程以坚持党的领导为核心,以多元建设主体与具体建设任务的整体协同为执行机制,以社会主义文化主体性由 自在跃迁到 自在 自为为完成,此即文化强国建设"一核多元,三面协同"理论—实践复合体模型.具体而言,在党的核心领导下,国家主体、社会主体、市场主体和个人主体作为多元建设主体,整体协同推进提高社会文明程度、提升公共文化服务水平和健全现代文化产业体系这三个方面的重要任务.超越自然同一是文化强国主体的 自在,文化自觉 自信是文化强国主体的 自为,实现知行合一是文化强国主体的 自在 自为.由此"一核多元"与"三面协同"之间的互动互促,既描绘了建设文化强国的路线图,更跃升为社会主义文化主体性历史运动的辩证法,既回答了我们要建设怎样的文化强国的问题,又回答了怎样建设文化强国的问题,从而体现了实践与理论、实然与应然、具体与一般的统一.
With Chinese literature once being put in its wake,Russian-Soviet literature has no longer been well recepted among Chinese readers since 1980s,thus being without any further influence on Chinese literature.Social changes account to a greater extent for this situation,and yet it is quite unfortunate for today’s writers to lose a valuable spiritual legacy.It is clear that Russian-Soviet literature was irrationally recepted as the best in the world among most Chinese readers in 1950sand 1960s.With this enthusiastic misread and blindly adoration,a distorted tradition of Rusian-Soviet literature was presented to the readers in this country.The cold shoulder given to the Russian-Soviet literature now in China must result from all the crazziness in the past.To present RussianSoviet literature,as it is,with its true artistic value is prerequired to bring Russian-Soviet literature back to the Chinese readers.
More than beautiful myths,the ten suns of Fusang,Yi’s shooting down nine suns and ten-sun funerary rites also denote different political means in different eras.Politics at the time could not be isolated from temple power,and political reforms found its base in theocracy.Both were expressed in mystical language and sacrificial systems.On the political level,the Fusang myth tells us the beginning of the kingdom,whereby the rulers of several smaller states,with ten suns as their originators,formed a kingdom through an alliance with each other,and the rulers of those allied states took turns to rule the larger kingdom.This alliance consisted of rulers of several equal city states that emerged about 5,500years ago.They all believed their originator to be the Sun,and as such upon establishing this joint city-state polity,the image of the ten suns was used to express the eternal allied relationship,with the ten-sun alliance becoming the temple law.Later,with the centralized dynastic father-to-son succession system emerging in the period of the Xia Kingdom,the new temple law of Y’s shooting down nine suns appeared,attempting to destroy the power of the ten suns（i.e.clans）great noblemen.However,because the ten-sun nobles still had some political power that was relied on by the Shang Kingdom,Cheng Tang revived the ten-sun theocracy for political reasons and established the entire set of royal temple laws on this basis.The ten-sun funerary rites of the Shang royal family are a reflection of Cheng Tang’s brilliant strategy to unify the kingdom by winning over the people.
