本文讨论了肝星状细胞活化与肝纤维化之间的关系,阐述了肝星状细胞活化相关因素和非酒精性脂肪肝病的相关病理变化以及它们对肝纤维化的影响.通过总结国内外对肝纤维化和肝星状细胞活化的研究方法和所取得的成就,探究肝星状细胞活化及其在高脂膳食性非酒精性脂肪肝致使肝纤维化中的作用.

原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)是因为眼压升高从而引起视乳头损害以及视野缺损的一种眼部常见疾病.该病发病隐匿,早期症状不明显,进展缓慢.本文针对原发性开角型青光眼的临床治疗作一综述.

Objective To investigate the effect of 36 h continuous sleep deprivation(SD) on circadian clock gene expression in the rat liver and kidney and the alteration of urine biomarker levels.Methods Twelve rats were randomly divided into control group and SD group.An SD device was used to deprive the rats of sleep.After 36 h continuous SD, the abdominal cavity was exposed to obtain livers and kidneys, and RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect expression of clock genes.Then,the pelvic cavity was exposed to obtain urine, and the changes in bio-marker total bile acids(TBA) were tested with ELISA.Results Compared with the control group, the mRNA level of liver clock and bmal1 was obviously reduced in the SD-treated rats (P<0.05).However, no obvious change was found in the samples from the kidney.Sharp down-regulation of CLOCK and BMAL1 protein expression was also observed in the rat liver after SD treatment.Urine TBA content in SD treated rats was raised obviously (P<0.001), compared with control.Conclusion Thirty-six hours of continuous SD could result in deregulation of circadian clock gene and cholesterol metabolism disorder in the rat liver.TBA might be used as a noninvasive biomarker of liver injury under SD stress conditions.

目的 评价青光眼引流装置(GDD)植入术与小梁切除术(Trab)治疗青光眼的疗效.方法 运用Cochrane系统评价方法,利用计算机检索关于GDD植入术与Trab治疗青光眼效果比较的随机对照试验(RCT)文献.在控制眼压(IOP)方面,分别收集手术前的基线IOP和手术后的IOP,计算IOP下降百分率(IOPR％),以加权均数(MD)作为效应量指标,分析IOP控制效果.分别比较手术后1年时未使用抗青光眼药物及使用抗青光眼药物达到目标IOP的成功率,以相对危险度(RR)作为效应量指标.结果 总共有来自351名患者的351只眼被纳入此次Meta分析.其中172只眼接受GDD植入术(113只眼接受EX-PRESS植入术,59只眼接受Ahmed青光眼阀植入术)设为GDD组;179只眼接受Trab设为Trab组.在控制IOP方面,2组患者的IOPR％差异无统计学意义(MD=-0.59,95％CI=-7.48～6.29,P=0.87).GDD组患者手术后1年未使用抗青光眼药物达到目标IOP(5 mmHg＜IOP＜18 mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)的成功率高于Trab组,差异有统计学意义(RR=1.55,95％CI=1.21～1.99,P=0.000 6).GDD组患者手术后1年使用抗青光眼药物达到目标IOP(5 mmHg＜IOP＜18 mmHg)的成功率高于Trab组,差异有统计学意义(RR=1.11,95％CI=1.03～1.20,P=0.008).结论 在青光眼治疗中,GDD植入术与Trab控制IOP的效果相近,而GDD植入术达到目标IOP的成功率明显高于Trab.

目的:调查研究17个Y染色体短串联重复序列(Y-STR)基因座及其单倍型在甘肃省临夏回族自治州回族人群中的分布情况.方法:应用AmpFlSTR(R) YfilerTM PCR荧光标记复合扩增系统,对424名回族无关男性个体血样进行17个y-STR位点的复合扩增,用ABI 3730xl遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测分析,数据分析使用GeneMapper ID v3.2.结果:DYS456,DYS389 Ⅰ,DYS389Ⅱ,DYS390,DYS458,DYS19,DYS393,DYS385a\b,DYS391,DYS439,DYS635,DYS392,YGATA H4,DYS437,DYS438和DYS448各位点遗传多样性(GD值)分布在0.471 3～0.968 0之间.17个Y-STR位点共同构成的单倍型361种.其单倍型多样性为0.999 5.结论:临夏回族17个Y-STR位点具有较高的遗传多态性,可为父权鉴定和父系进化研究提供有价值的遗传学资料.

目的 评价纤维支气管镜(FOB)与直接喉镜(DLS)经鼻引导气管插管对患者血流动力学反应的影响.方法 计算机配合手工检索了截止到2014年12月,在Pubmed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,中国知识基础设施工程(CNKI),维普数据库(VIP),万方数据库中关于FOB与DLS经鼻引导气管插管对血流动力学反应影响的随机对照研究(RCT)文献,筛选后进行质量评价并提取数据,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析.结果 最终共纳入8篇文献,462例患者.FOB组患者的收缩压(SBP)在插管后3 min,5 min时明显高于DLS组,差异均有统计学意义[(WMD=3.64,95％CI为1.37～5.91),(WMD=3.39,95％CI为1.63～5.15),P＜0.05];FOB组和DLS组患者的舒张压(DBP)在所有测量时间点的差异均无统计学意义;FOB组患者的心率(HR)在气管插管时明显高于DLS组,差异有统计学意义(WMD=9.09,95％CI为5.05～13.14,P=0.00);FOB组患者的平均动脉压(MAP)在气管插管时明显高于DLS组,差异有统计学意义(WMD=10.60,95％CI为5.89～15.30,P=0.00).FOB组患者的气管插管时间明显长于DLS组,差异有统计学意义(WMD=9.20,95％CI为5.19～13.21,P=0.00).结论 DLS经鼻引导气管插管对患者血流动力学反应影响小,较FOB有优势.

The kinetics and thermodynamics of the adsorption of Th(IV) on the kaolin were studied by using batch method. In addition, the experimental data were studied by dynamic and thermodynamic models. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent increased with increasing temperature and solid liquid ratio, but decreased with increasing initial Th(IV) ion concentration, and the best fit was obtained for the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The calculated activation energy for adsorption was about 45 kJ/mol, which indicated the adsorption process to be chemisorption. The adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir as well as Dubinin–Radushkevich model. The mean free energy (E) of adsorption was calculated to be about 15 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic data calculated showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and enhanced at higher temperature. Considering kinetics and equilibrium studies, the adsorption on the sites was the rate-limiting step and that adsorption was mainly a chemisorption process through cation exchange.

Intercalated and exfoliated montmorillonite/amidoximated polyacrylonitrile (IAPAN/Mont and EAPAN/Mont) were prepared by using in situ polymerization technique. Intercalated Mont/APAN was obtained through polymerization with organ-montmorillonite and acrylonitrile. However, it became exfoliated when using Na-montmorillonite as a reactant. XRD, FT-IR, and CHN analysis were performed and the results showed the successful synthesis of the two materials. Adsorption of uranyl by using the new prepared materials was also conducted. The results showed that excellent adsorption capacity of 634mg/g and 543mg/g at 27°C using IAPAN/Mont and EAPAN/Mont respectively, were obtained.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) expression in bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B)induced by particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5).Methods PM2.5 powder was dis-solved in DMEM medium and diluted into five concentrations , 0,12.5,25,50 and 100μg/ml, respectively.The double an-tibiotics ( streptomycin and penicillin ) and FBS were added into the solution to a 2% final concentration of serum system after being treated by ultrasound for 30 minutes.The cultured Beas-2B cells were then treated with different doses of PM2.5.Subsequently, nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) transactivity and the transcriptional activation of vegf gene promot-er were tested by dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis system while phosphorylation of p 65 , expression levels of IκBαand VEGF were detected by Western blotting .Results PM2.5 induced up-regulation of VEGF expression in Beas-2B cells in a dose-dependent manner , accompanied by NF-κB transactivation at the highest level under 100 μg/ml of PM2.5 treatment. Moreover, PM2.5 induced degradation of the repressor protein IκBαand increase in the phosphorylation level of p 65 sub-unit in Beas-2B cells.Knockdown of NF-κB p65 expression significantly inhibited vegf gene promoter transcriptional activa-tion as well as VEGF protein expression in Beas-2B cells induced by PM2.5.Conclusion PM2.5 induces VEGF expres-sion via activation of NF-κB pathway in bronchial epithelial cells .

Puepose To explore the expression of Annexin a7 and Galectin-3 and to understand the role of them in lymph node metastasis and clinical prognosis in patients with cervical carcinoma.Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to assess the expression of Annexin a7 and Galectin-3 in 20 cases of normal cervical tissues,45 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 146 cases of cervical carcinoma.Results The expression of Annexin a7 in cervical carcinoma was significantly higher than that in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and normal cervix(P 0.01).The expression of Annexin a7 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was significantly higher than that in normal cervix.The expression of Annexin a7 in cervical adenocarcinoma was higher than that in cervical squamous cell carcinoma(P 0.05) and closely related with tumor size,lymph node metastasis and deep myometrial invasion.The expression of Galectin-3 in cervical carcinoma was higher than that in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and normal cervix(P 0.05).The expression of Galectin-3 in cervical adenocarcinoma was higher than that in cervical squamous cell carcinoma(P 0.05).The Galectin-3 expression was well correlated with the grade of differentiation of primary tumors.Its expression was detected in 66%,89.7%,and 100% of well,moderately-and,poorly-differentiated carcinoma,respectively,and was closely related with lymph node metastasis and myometrial invasion.The expression of Annexin a7 and Galectin-3 in cervical carcinoma was positively correlated(r = 0.545,P = 0.000).Conclusion Annexin a7 and Galectin-3 may be involved in cervical carcinoma development,invasion and lymph node metastasis,both may have a synergistic effect on lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer.They could be used as one of the important indicators for the diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinoma.

Objective To study the systemic immune response of animals immunized by type 71 virus antigen(EV71 Ag) combined with alpha mannan peptide(PA) adjuvant.Methods Forty BALB/c mice of five to six weeks old were randomly divided into five groups.Immune groups accepted EV71 Ag with or without adjuvants.Blood serum and bronchoalveolar lavages were collected at 0,2,3,4,5 and 6 weeks since the first immune treatment.The level of IgG,IgA and neutralizing antibody in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and Neutralizing antibody tests repectively.MTT assay was involved to assess the proliferation of lymphocyte.Results The specific IgG antibody in serum was detected in all groups.There was no statistically significant different between the high-dose adjuvanted group and EV71 Ag intramuscular injecting group(2.477±0.500 vs 3.040±0.120).EV71 Ag combined with alpha mannan peptide(PA) adjuvant caused lymphocyte proliferation in vitro,neutralizing antibody titer increased in all groups.There were no significant difference between high-dose adjuvanted group and the EV71 Ag intramuscular injuecting group.Conclusions EV71 Ag combined with alpha mannan peptide(PA) adjuvant intranasally induced an effective systemic immune reponse.

Objective To explore the expression of fascin and galectin-3 in cervical carcinoma and to understand the role of them in lymph node metastasis and clinical prognosis in cervical carcinoma.Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to assess the expression of fascin and galectin-3 in 10 cases of normal cervical tissues,32 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 108 cases of cervical carcinoma.The relationship between the expression of fascin and galectin-3 and pathologic parameters was analyzed.Results The expression of fascin protein in cervical carcinoma was significantly higher than that in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and in normal cervix;that in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was significantly higher than in normal cervix;that was closely related with tumor size and lymph node metastasis;and that in cervical adenosquamous carcinoma was higher than that in cervical adenocarcinoma(P 0.05).The expression of galectin-3 protein in cervical cancer,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and normal cervical tissues had no significant differences(P 0.05);but the expression of galectin-3 protein in cervical non-squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than in normal cervix,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma;that was closely related with deep myometrial invasion and lymph node metastasis;that protein in cervical adenosquamous carcinoma was higher than that in cervical adenocarcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.The expression of fascin and galectin-3 in cervical carcinoma was positively correlated.Conclusions Fascin and galectin-3 may be involved in cervical carcinoma development,invasion and lymph node metastasis.Both of them may play a synergistic role in the process of cervical lymph node metastasis.Fascin may have some reference value in the clinical differential diagnosis of cervical adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.Galectin-3 could be used as one of the important indexes in the diagnosis of cervical adenosquamous carcinoma.

Fascin protein as a kind of actin-binding protein,by increasing the cell membrane bumps,participate in cell signaling pathways and changes in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix and other ways to promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis.It's related to tissue differentiation,tumor grade and lymph node metastasis and other factors of gynecological malignancies.Fascin protein is expected to be the effective judgment of prognosis of the patients of gynecological tumors.The fascin protein as a target for the treatment of gynecological cancer treatment may provide a new way of thinking.

Objective To explore the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) signaling pathway in mediating the apoptotic effect in human breast cancer cells exposed to arsenic trioxide(As2O3,arsenite).Methods MCF7 cells were treated with arsenite.The cell cycle distribution and the apoptosis were detected by flow cytometric analysis with PI staining of the nuclei.Luciferase assay was used to detect the activation of the transcriptional factor of activated protein-1(AP-1) in the MCF7 cells.The induced activation of JNK,c-Jun and the expression of Fra-1 were tested by Western blot assay.Results Both growth arrest and apoptosis could be induced by arsenite in MCF7 cells,along with the strong and persistent activation of JNK and AP-1 under the same conditions.Moreover,the phosphorylation and the expression of the AP-1 components,c-Jun and Fra-1,could be induced by arsenite in MCF7 cells.Arsenite-induced apoptosis was partially attenuated in the DN-c-Jun(TAM67) or Fra-1shRNA-transfected MCF7 cells.Conclusion JNK/AP-1 is a critical signal pathway in mediating arsenite-induced apoptosis in the human breast cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the effect and the mechanism of rhodila in high-altitude environment-induced pulmonary hypertension rats.Methods 30 Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups as control group(group C),hypoxia group(group H)and rhodila group (group R).Each group included 10 rats.The rats in group C were kept in Chengdu(500 meters above sea level),and group H and group R in Lasa(3 700 meters above sea level).The rats in group R were treated with rhodila every day,while group C and group H were treated with saline. Rats in each group were catheterized to record mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP)and demised to calculate the ratio(RV/(LV+S))after 30 days.Percentage of vascular wall thickness (WT)was examined microscopically.The expression of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β_1 in the wall of pulmonary arterioles was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results mPAP, RV/(LV+S)and WT in group H were higher than those in group C(P0.05),and those in group R were lower than group H(P0.05).The level of TGF-β_1 protein in group H was higher than that in group C(P0.05),but the level in group R was lower than that in group H.Conclusion The rhodila has a notable effect on high-altitude environment-induced pulmonary hypertension rats,and inhibition of TGF-β_1 expression is one of the possible mechanisms.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between cystic necrosis and P73 protein expression in cerebral hemangiopericytoma.Methods:Twenty-nine cases with intracranial hemangiopericytoma were chosen,25 cases of angiomatous type meningioma were also enrolled as control group.All cystic or necrotic signs on MRI of the two tumors were analyzed,which were scored according to Asari's method.P73 protein expressions were detected by S-P immunohistochemical method.Results:Twenty-nine cases showed positive expression,and there was significant difference in the expression of P73 between intracranial hemangiopericytoma and angiomatous type meningioma(P0.01).The positive expression of P73 protein increased with increasing of cystic or necrotic signs on MRI of intracranial hemangiopericytoma(P0.05).Conclusions:Cystic or necrotic sign on MRI was closely related to the high expression of P73 protein in intracranial hemangiopericytoma,which can been used as reference information evaluating the treatment and prognosis of intracranial hemangiopericytoma.

Objective To explore the expression of HIF-2α and its association with the expression of TAM and VEGF-C in breast cancer. Methods The expressions of HIF-2α,TAMs and VEGF-C were detected by immunohistochemistry in 53 human breast cancer samples and 20 normal breast tissue samples. Results ①The positive rate of HIF-2,TAM,VEGF-C in breast cancer were higher than normal tissue, the difference had statistical significance; ② In 53 cases of breast cancer, 18(34%), 32(60%), 31 (58%)were positive for HIF-2α、TAMs and VEGF-C, respectively; ③ A significant difference was found in terms of expression of HIF-2α between the samples with TAMs either positive or negative (P<0.01), The same difference was found in VEGF-C (P<0.01); ④ Not only the HIF-2α expression but also the expression of VEGF -C in breast cancer was related to the expression of TAMs. Conclusion The positive expression of HIF -2α is strongly correlated with the expression of TAMs and the positive expression of TAMs was also correlated with VEGF-C.

[Objective] To detect the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vascular endothelial growth factor- D (VEGF-D) in the endometrial carcinoma, and to study their correlation. [Methods] The expressions of FAK, VEGF-D in 53 specimens from endometrial carcinoma and 20 normal endometria specimens, were investigated by immunohistochemistry PV6000 method respectively. [Results] ① The positive rates of FAK, VEGF-D were 84.9% and 69.8% in endometrial carci- noma. However, in normal endometria were 15% and 20% respectively. The difference was significant (P﹤0.05). ② The posi- tive expression rates of FAK and VEGF-D in lymph node metastasis group (36 / 38, 32 / 38) were much higher than in no lymph node metastasis group (9 / 15, 5 / 15)(P﹤0.05). Moreover, the positive expression rate of FAK in the endometrial carci- noma had no correlation with age, histological grade (P﹥0.05), but was significantly related to depth of invasion and tumor clinical stage (P﹤0.05). The positive expression rate of VEGF-D in the endometrial carcinoma had no correlation with age, histological grade, depth of invasion (P﹥0.05), but was significantly related to tumor clinical stage (P﹤0.05). ③ The ex- pression of FAK had a positive correlation with expression of VEGF-D (P﹤0.01). [Conclusion] FAK and VEGF-D play a key role in the invasion and metastasis of endometrial carcinoma and might prognosticate invasion and metastasis.

Objective To analyze the relationship between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) and the microlymphatic density (MLD) and lymph node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma.Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect VEGF-D and MLD in 53 cases of endometrial carcinoma and 20 cases of normal endometria. Lymphatic vessels were marked by D2-40 and the microlymphatic density (MLD) was counted by Masakazu’s method.Results (1) The positive expression rate of VEGF-D and MLD in the endometrial carcinoma tissue (39/53,23.54±7.84) were much higher than that in normal endometria tissue (5/20,10.48±1.62) (P0.05); the positive expression rate of VEGF-D and MLD in lymph-node-positive group (33/38,32.05±3.27) were much higher than that in lymph-node-negative group (6/15,20.23±4.57) (P0.05); the positive expression rate of VEGF-D in endometrial carcinoma had no correlation with age, differentiation and depth of invasion (P0.05 respectively), but was significantly related to clinical stage (P0.05). (2) The positive expression of VEGF-D had correlation with MLD (rs=0.398, P0.05). The MLD of the positive group of the VEGF-D (31.17±2.82) was higher than in the negative group (16.75±3.63)(P0.05). Conclusion The positive expression of VEGF-D in endometrial carcinoma has significantly correlation with MLD and it may induce lymphangiogenesis and promote the lymph node metastasis of endometrial carcinoma. The VEGF-D may be used as a valuable index in evaluating diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma.

Objective To establish a soluble expression of recombinant survivin in E. coli, and evaluate the role of anti-survivin in tumor diagnosis. Methods The recombinant survivin was screened by ampicillin resistance, identified by PCR and double digestion of endonucleases. The sequenced DNA of survivin was analyzed by BLAST. The survivin/Trx fusion protein expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3) was induced with IPTG, identified by Western blot and purified with Ni-NTA agarose respectively. The anti-survivin antibodies in serum were detected with an indirect ELISA. By the methods above, 144 serum samples from cancer patients and 300 serum samples from normal subjects were analyzed. Meanwhile, the joint detection of anti-survivin, AFP, CEA, CA199, CA125 in blood sera from cancer patients was detected. Results After PCR and double digestion with endonucleases, the survivin gene was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector PET 32a(+). After DNA sequencing, the constructed expression plasmid was transformed into competent cells E.coli BL21(DE3). Western blot identified that the recombinant survivin/Trx fusion protein was specific against survivin antibody. The purity of the protein was over 96% after purified by Ni-NTA agarose. Anti-survivin was expressed in the sera of different cancer patients, but the positive rate varied. Conclusion Prokaryotic expression plasmid PET 32a(+)/survivin was successfully constructed and highly purified survivin/Trx fusion protein was obtained. The detection results of anti-survivin, AFP, CEA, CA199, CA125 in blood serum show in the diagnosis of tumors, the joint detection can overcome the shortfall of each gene and enhance the diagnostic rate.