Objective Engaging in exercise not only encompasses its intrinsic attributes but also signifies its social dimensions. It reflects an underlying emotional tone and cumulative value attributed to exercise by individuals, forming a broad, macro-level socio-psychological relationship in alignment with the conceptual definition of societal mentality. The social mentality is an indicator of a nation’s governance capacity and mirrors the overall socio-psychological profile and needs of its citizens. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the influence of exercise, specifically through the lens of sports, on the sociall mentality of the Chinese population, encompassing aspects of social trust and social equity. Additionally, we explore the distinct mechanisms underlying differences in social class, generation disparities, and spatial dimensions. This inquiry aims to contribute to enhancing governance capabilities and societal stability. Method Data for this study was sourced from the 2023 China General Social Survey. We selected 20 variables and analyzed a sample of 6,746 individuals. We employed Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple linear regression models to construct our analysis. Results The findings indicate that exercise has a positive influence on the social mentality of the Chinese population. A higher frequency of participation in sports correlates with a more advanced level of social mentality development. Notably, significant disparities exist between the macro-level and micro-level impacts of exercise, suggesting ample room for improvement. Social class, generational disparities, and spatial dimensions demonstrate substantial impact, each exhibiting unique characteristics depending on the specific research question. Furthermore, the weightings of social trust orientation and social equity orientation within the societal mentality dimensions exhibit variability and fluctuations. Conclusion When exploring the topic of social mentality, it is recommended to separately discuss the various dimensions it encompasses, thus providing a comprehensive, detailed, and precise portrayal of specific issues. To bolster the influence of exercise on the social mentality, as well as to enhance governance capabilities and societal stability, the following recommendations are proposed: (1) In-depth exploration of differences within social strata to optimize the mechanisms through which exercise influences the social mentality; (2) Balancing generational disparities to establish a solid foundation for the influence of exercise on the social mentality; (3) Recognizing spatial dimensions to harness the spatial dynamism of exercise in shaping the social mentality.

ObjectiveStrengthening youth sports and comprehensively promoting the participation of Chinese university students in sports to enhance their social acceptance are key initiatives for delivering high-quality talent for China’s economic and social development.MethodsUsing the China Comprehensive Social Survey as the data source and considering social mentality and social identity, we constructed corresponding statistical models to explore how sports participation influences the social identity (class identity, economic status, and emotional belonging) of Chinese university students.ResultsRegarded from a holistic perspective, sports participation can enhance the social identity of college students in all its aspects, and the benefits of sports participation are positively related to its frequency. Under the condition of social mentality, sports participation has a positive effect on the social identity of college students in general and a nonsignificant effect only on certain dimensions. Under the social identity condition, the significance of sports participation for college students’ social identity decreases from lower to higher levels of education.ConclusionSports participation significantly enhances the social identity of Chinese university students, and the specific mechanism of the enhancement varies across the social mentality and social identity conditions. In this context, strengthening the role of sports participation in promoting the social identity of college students in the new era is necessary. Deepening the ideological content of physical education courses should be taken as the starting point to enhance the effectiveness of sports participation on the social identity of college students under the condition of social mentality. The effectiveness of sports participation on the social identity of college students with different social identities should be differentiated and enhanced.

The development of CSR reflects the level and characteristics of professional sports organizations, and the CSR of professional sports clubs varies among different countries and regions. In order to explore the content of the CSR of Chinese professional sports clubs in a more comprehensive and systematic way, this study organizes previous studies on the CSR of clubs in different countries and regions, and analyzes the differences between Chinese professional sports clubs and clubs in Europe, North America, Japan, and other countries and regions. We collected the opinions of 20 experts through semi-structured interviews and combined them with the "Five in One" overall layout to construct and explain the CSR system of professional sports clubs in China in the new era, filling the gaps in research on this topic. Research suggests that social economic responsibility, social political responsibility, social cultural responsibility, social construction responsibility, and social ecological responsibility constitute the CSR system of professional sports clubs in China. Within a certain range, the larger the scale and stronger the comprehensive strength of a club, the stronger its ability to fulfill its responsibilities, the more targets it fulfills, and the richer its content. The institutional environment and social awareness may account for this difference, and in a government-led social environment or in the case of nationalized club ownership, the Chinese plan may be more applicable. Our research not only provides theoretical reference for subsequent research on the CSR content of professional sports clubs but also helps guide the CSR practice of clubs of different sizes, thereby promoting the exploration of diversified CSR development patterns of professional sports clubs in the academic community.

采用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,比较分析国内外俱乐部的本质属性、考察分析国内外俱乐部社会责任的概念,在中国语境下,对俱乐部社会责任的概念进行重塑.国内外关于俱乐部社会责任的定义主要从履责内容、履责对象和履责方式三个维度展开,有共识但也有分歧.进一步分析提出,俱乐部社会责任指俱乐部为实现自身与社会的健康、和谐发展,在依法经营、创造利润及有效管理其对利益相关者的影响过程中,所应承担的与特定时代环境相适应的寻求经济和社会综合价值最大化的责任.在明确这一概念内涵和外延的基础上,从俱乐部社会责任并不等同于俱乐部公益慈善捐赠、俱乐部社会责任因俱乐部发展阶段不同而变化及俱乐部社会责任并非静态不变的责任等方面,剖析现存片面认识并加以澄清,促进俱乐部社会责任理论与实践发展.

采用专家访谈法和文献资料法,对日本、韩国、英国、德国校园足球治理现状进行分析,剖析域外校园足球治理经验.发现,域外校园足球治理呈现政府主导多方参与,通过健全行政管理机制,完善配套政策体系,实现政府谋篇布局;校园足球专业技术、物力资源、人力资源等领域需足协的多方位支持;通过职业俱乐部定点对应,业余俱乐部纲挈目张,实现俱乐部布点渗透.相比较,我国青少年校园足球治理困境有:"大部制"连接强度低下、基层组织机构尚未健全,导致管理运行分化;专业协会和俱乐部话语权弱,导致社会力量有序参与校园足球配套政策滞后;人才上升通道不畅、竞赛体系各自为政、资源整合难,导致融合体系建设落后.为有效提升我国校园足球治理能力,应以日本、韩国、德国、英国校园足球治理经验为镜鉴,同时结合本土实际状况,提出对我国校园足球发展的启示,即加强部门考核,提升部门联系紧密度,统筹顶层和基层组织体系建设,加强行政组织体系建设;出台"刚性"政策制度,规范俱乐部标准体系建设,推进政府服务购买制度,完善配套政策体系;统一青训理念,推进竞赛一体化建设,加强资源整合,统筹协调融合体系.

采用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,对NBA联盟社会责任发展的现实背景、核心内容及治理经验进行梳理与归纳,并提出对CBA联盟社会责任治理的有益启示.研究认为:社会责任治理理念的持续嵌入、NBA联盟的形象危机是NBA联盟社会责任发展的现实背景;NBA联盟围绕内部组织治理、人权维护、劳资协调、环境保护、公平运营、消费者权益保护、社区治理等7个维度履行社会责任,并在履责实践中逐步形成了体系完善、协同配合的社会责任管理机构,目标一致、层次分明的社会责任治理制度,及信息披露全面、反馈形式多样的社会责任监督机制.启示:政府层面上,完善法律制度,加强社会责任规范引导;营造社会责任参与氛围,建立社会责任奖惩机制.协会层面上,建立社会责任管理体系.联盟层面上,健全社会责任管理机构,完善社会责任管理制度,拓展社会责任信息披露渠道.社会层面上,加强媒体宣传力度,促进社会公众维权意识和行动,强化联盟履责的社会监督.

采用文献资料法、实地考察法、社会网络分析法等,以我国校园足球治理现状为基础,深入剖析其存在的治理困境及产生原因,进而提出完善我国校园足球治理的路径选择.研究认为,我国校园足球治理成效较为明显,但仍存在政府部门多头混治、社会力量参与不充分、监督评价不健全的问题.政府多头混治主要表现为"大部制"机构改革不完善、优势群体排他性等;社会力量参与不充分主要表现为专业协会、俱乐部参与校园足球的范围窄;监督评价不健全主要表现为监督主体单一、动态评价缺失.基于此,提出3条推进我国校园足球治理的路径:定权定责,明确校园足球治理权责边界;共建共荣,完善多元主体协同治理格局;加强监督,推进校园足球治理制度创新.

校园足球协调发展是实现其高质量发展的关键.采用文献资料、专家访谈及逻辑分析等方法,基于广义梯度理论框架,对我国校园足球发展的问题及其成因进行深入剖析,并提出针对性的策略选择.认为,我国校园足球发展虽已取得良好的成效,但仍存在条件保障资源总量偏低、地区配置不平衡;教育教学与竞赛发展水平地区差距明显;生态结构不协调等制约校园足球协调发展的问题.提出,在保障资源平衡方面,要多渠道扩充足球师资总量,改善足球教师成长环境;鼓励引导社会资本投入,提高财政经费分配的科学性;场地建设实施"逆梯度"调整,推动场地共享利用与协同布局.在缩小发展差距方面,可通过线上学习缩小教学差距,加强足球校本教材研发与应用;提高校园足球特色学校校长的足球文化认同,推动校企合作助力竞技人才培养.在优化足球生态结构方面,应因地制宜实施校园足球特色学校的遴选与布局,科学分配训练营的创建指标;树立长远发展理念,强化校园足球特色学校在不同学段的有机衔接.

In comparison with European and American countries, the CSR of professional sports in Asian countries is affected by many factors due to differences in management system, social environment, etc. At present, the research on CSR of professional sports in Asian countries is very limited, and the practice form of CSR under this special management system has great research space and value. For booming professional sports of China, neighboring Japanese professional sports system is similar to it, and has a more advanced level of professional sports CSR development, which is worthy of further learning and reference for Chinese Super League clubs. Therefore, this study combs the historical background, core content and governance experience of CSR of J League in Japan, and puts forward valuable enlightenment for Chinese Super League clubs. The results show that the CSR of J League in Japan has distinctive characteristics and times, and the Chinese Super League clubs need to combine their own development stages, Chinese national conditions and other factors for reference.

俱乐部要实现高质量发展,需改变过去那种效仿西方逻辑、利润至上的狭隘利益观,坚持从增进社会福利出发,积极落实社会责任,建立与人民高质量生活需要紧密结合的利益共享框架.采用文献资料、专家访谈、逻辑分析等研究方法,基于社会责任视角,构建我国职业体育俱乐部利益共享框架,提出俱乐部利益共享的推进路径.研究认为:利益基础、利益保障、本原利益和社会利益共同构成了我国职业体育俱乐部利益共享框架.俱乐部服务国家政治利益是其履行社会责任的核心体现,属于利益基础;维护职业体育竞赛市场秩序是俱乐部的利益保障;回归本原,助推竞赛表演产业发展是俱乐部的重要使命;提供多元化的体育公共服务是俱乐部社会利益的直接体现.在此框架下,以实现利益共享最大化为目标,提出我国职业体育俱乐部利益共享推进路径.

文章采用文献资料、专家访谈及案例研究等方法,在分析我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任演进基本逻辑的基础上,阐述了我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任演进历程,归纳了其演进规律特征,提出了俱乐部社会责任发展的趋势和建议.研究认为:俱乐部本质—俱乐部功能使命及其与社会的关系—俱乐部社会责任实践内容与实现方式是一种新的研究逻辑路径.我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任的演进过程可划分为非企业下的社会责任附庸阶段、不完全企业下的社会责任错位阶段、一般意义企业下的社会责任重塑阶段、现代意义企业下的社会责任创新阶段.不同发展阶段,俱乐部的本质与功能使命、俱乐部与社会的关系、俱乐部社会责任实践内容与实现方式存在差异.政府-俱乐部-社会三者关系范式的演变是一个寻求关系合意性与合理性的动态变化过程;俱乐部社会责任的认知与履责行为范式的演变是俱乐部不断寻求自适应与高级化的过程.未来我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任发展需进一步转变社会责任发展理念,构建社会责任制度体系,创新社会责任实践方式.

采用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,对英超俱乐部履行社会责任的现实基础和特征进行分析,并总结出对我国的启示.指出,政府对足球发展的强力推动、长期形成的特殊组织秩序是英超俱乐部履行社会责任的现实基础.颇具时代精神的社会责任理念、科学合理的社会责任治理机构、健全完善的社会责任制度体系、扎实稳健的社会责任实践行动、纵横协同的社会责任履行方式是英超俱乐部履行社会责任的显著特征.认为,我国应从战略视角持续深化俱乐部履责认知,从治理视角健全足球组织的内设机构,从规制视角完善俱乐部履责制度体系,从反馈视角加强俱乐部履责的监督评价,推动我国职业俱乐部社会责任的健康持续发展.

身体语言是体育教师职业技能的重要组成部分,在体育教学中作用显著.从认知发展角度看,中小学生具有模仿学习能力强、善于形象思维的特点,使得身体语言在中小学体育教学中的作用更加凸显.针对部分体育教师对身体语言的内涵认识不清以及教学训练中无意识运用的现状,采用专家咨询法、AHP-熵权法构建了我国中小学体育教师身体语言指标体系,并对其进行了模糊综合评价与验证,结果可靠,实现了中小学体育教师课堂教学身体语言的量化评价,具有较强的理论和应用价值.

采用文献资料、专家访谈及逻辑分析等研究方法,对我国职业足球转会制度的变迁过程、主要问题进行深入剖析,提出我国转会制度改革的总体思路.我国职业足球转会制度的变迁历经了有限自由转会制、摘牌制、双轨转会制及自由转会制等4个阶段,每个阶段都取得了一定的改革成效,但仍存在足协去行政化改革不彻底、制衡组织难以筹建、转会制度改革主体错位、球员话语权缺失等问题.由此,提出足球转会制度的改革,应以提高球员配置效率、保证转会制度公平正义为总体目标,遵循市场自主与足协调控相协调、国际惯例与本土文化相融合、制度建设与本土法律相兼容的原则.具体改革路径包括:建立彼此制衡的三角组织新架构;加快中国足协内部机构的职能调整与升级;转会制度改革主体实现广泛性和多元化;科学制订转会制度改革的应循和应急程序;正确把握转会制度本土化与国际化的关系.

采用文献资料、专家访谈等方法,以我国校园足球试点县(区)管理现状为基础,深入剖析存在的基本问题及成因,进而提出完善我国校园足球试点县(区)管理的策略选择.研究认为:我国校园足球试点县(区)管理取得了显著的成效,但仍存在遴选标准科学性偏低,缺少完善的考核标准;审核程序的严密性偏弱,事前的评估考察缺失;规划布局缺少长期稳定性,区域与类型布局不均衡;试点政策执行不到位,显性政绩追逐趋于扩大的问题.由此提出8条应对策略:强化遴选标准设置的科学性,提高试点县(区)创建的客观性;建立科学的绩效考核制度,提升试点县(区)建设的积极性;加强人财资源投入,为事前的评估考察提供保障;以实地考察为纽带,建立省级统筹、地市交叉的评估考察机制;调整创建指标的布局方式,大幅提高试点县的创建比例;以校园足球改革发展备忘录为着力点,增强试点县(区)监管力度;以完善试点政策的构成为基础,提高试点政策的执行成效;以实施健康中国行动为契机,强化试点县(区)领导政绩考核的导向性.

Physical-activity (PA) and sedentary-behavior (SB) assessment is of particular importance in the promotion of health in young people. However, there is no comprehensive overview of PA and SB from national surveys among Chinese children and adolescents. Following a literature search for Chinese national health surveys, 11 papers from six national surveys were found. Of the included studies, the majority applied self-reported questionnaires to estimate the prevalence of PA and SB. Owing to different definitions of the prevalence of PA and SB and various measures, a large variation in prevalence of PA and SB was observed. Such variations were attributable to methodological and practical issues. This study highlights the current gaps in estimating the national prevalence of PA and SB among Chinese children and adolescents, which should be addressed. To improve the quality of PA and SB surveillance, standardized measurement protocols to estimate the prevalence of PA and SB more accurately among Chinese children and adolescents are urgently required.

主要运用德尔菲法、层次分析法、列表排序法及灰色系统差异信息法构建了中国排球超级联赛的运营风险评估指标体系,从中筛选出了17个重要指标和2个关键风险指标.研究发现,排球俱乐部商业化运营风险和竞技排球高水平后备人才培养风险是当前中国排球超级联赛运营中面临的关键风险.对排球俱乐部商业化运营风险和竞技排球高水平后备人才培养风险的致因进行分析认为,导致排球俱乐部商业化运营风险的主要原因包括:排球俱乐部商业化运营主体之间的权责有待进一步明晰;观众数量有所下降,有待加强广告宣传,提高观众和企业的认可度;排球俱乐部多数广告平台的受众覆盖面小,制约了其商业化运营;体育经济与管理人才的匮乏制约了排球俱乐部的商业化运营.导致中国竞技排球高水平后备人才培养风险的主要原因包括:中国竞技排球高水平青少年后备人才基数减少,排球俱乐部高水平后备人才面临无材可选;部分培养竞技排球高水平后备人才的教练员的基本技能不够全面,岗位培训次数较少;竞技排球高水平后备人才培养经费不足,“排球高水平后备人才基地”吸引社会资本投资难度大;体教融合不充分也制约了中国竞技排球高水平青少年后备人才的培养与发展.在此基础上,提出中国竞技排球高水平后备人才培养风险防控策略,以期为中国排球超级联赛运营风险防控提供智力支撑.

采用文献资料、专家访谈及逻辑分析等方法,对我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任演进过程及主要问题进行深入剖析,提出俱乐部社会责任发展的总体思路.研究认为:我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任的演进可分为责任依附期、责任错位期、责任重塑期及责任创新期四个阶段;每个阶段都取得一定的发展成效,但仍存在虚假信息与合同违约行为禁而不止、特殊消费者的人文关怀与赛事服务不到位、影响媒体采访秩序的违规行为频现、俱乐部社会责任的专门规制与引导力度不强、评价机制不完善及信息披露不规范等问题.我国职业俱乐部社会责任的未来发展路径:应明确社会责任目标的特点,遵循可负担性、规范性及连续性的原则,优化俱乐部社会责任治理的组织结构;从战略视角管理俱乐部的履责对象和内容;加强俱乐部社会责任建设的政策引导与宣传;健全体育协会与联赛公司的机构设置;科学构建俱乐部社会责任评价机制;强化俱乐部社会责任信息披露制度建设等,持续提升我国职业体育俱乐部的履责水平.

竞争平衡是评估职业联赛可持续发展的重要指标,分析我国职业排球联赛的竞争平衡状况,探究影响我国排球联赛竞争平衡的因素,为我国排球职业联赛的高质量发展提供理论支撑.主要采用文献资料、数理统计等方法,从宏观、中观和微观三个层面对联赛的竞争平衡性进行分析.研究发现:当前排球超级联赛的竞争存在不平衡的状况,主要体现在小组赛胜率极差较大、冠军归属稳定性过高、竞争平衡率(CBR)偏高、近几届联赛的比赛胜率逐步趋于离散、胜场局比分比例失调等.建议:建立宏观调控机制,构建联赛"命运共同体";成立"俱乐部成长基金",促进俱乐部间经济均衡;恢复联赛升降级制度,从赛制创新进行突破和加强联赛后备人才培养,促进运动员合理流动.

采用文献资料、专家访谈、比较及逻辑分析等方法,对我国青少年校园足球特色学校的遴选过程、成绩经验以及存在的问题及成因、如何改进等进行了探讨.研究认为,我国青少年校园足球特色学校的遴选工作已见成效,数量初具规模,但遴选实践中仍存在申报材料的规范性和科学性不强;倚重书面申报,淡化实践考察;遴选标准宽泛,难以准确预估和评价;遴选监督缺失,配套制度建设滞后等问题.基于此,对今后遴选工作提出几点建议:加强顶层设计,严格规范申报材料;采用书面申报与反向实践考察互动式审核;细化遴选评价标准,分类推进遴选;加强遴选过程监督,建立科学合理的准入与退出机制.