目的 评价药品"零差率"政策实施后广西县级公立医院医疗收入结构及医疗费用的变化.方法 以广西第三批县级公立医院综合改革的35家县级综合医院为调查对象,将2014年、2015年、2016年、2017年分别视为改革前1年、改革当年、改革后1年,改革后2年,比较改革前后医院的医疗收入、诊疗情况、医疗费用.结果 2014~2017年医院的医疗总收入逐年增长,年均增长率为8.74%;门诊收入和住院收入也呈逐年增长趋势,年均增长率分别为9.36%和8.49%.药品收入逐年下降,其他项目逐年增加,床位、护理及诊查收入增长率较高.门诊及住院药品收入占比均呈逐年下降趋势.2017年,门诊和住院的检查化验收入占比均超过药品收入占比,位列第一.2014~2017年,门诊人次均费用和住院人均费用逐年增长,年均增长率分别为3.04%和5.21%;门诊患者次均药品费用和住院患者人均药品费用逐年下降.结论 广西县级公立医院药品"零差率"政策实施后,患者药品费用负担得到缓解,药品"零差率"政策目标初步实现.但需调整医院收入结构,提高医务人员的技术劳务价值,完善对医务人员的激励机制.
目的 了解广西少数民族贫困地区县级公立医院医务人员满意度情况及相关因素,为完善县级公立医院卫生人力资源政策提供科学依据.方法 按规模大小成比例的概率抽样的方法抽取5个样本县600名医务人员进行工作现状及满意度进行问卷调查,采用单因素及多因素回归模型探讨满意度相关影响因素.结果 本研究共有效调查562人,医务人员总体满意度均分为(2.94±0.95),均分最低与最高的维度分别是工作回报满意度(2.40±0.77)及患者尊重满意度(3.31±0.87);医务人员工作满意度与性别、年龄、学历、工作类型相关;多因素回归分析显示工作回报是影响满意度最主要因素.结论 广西少数民族贫困地区县级公立医院医务人员满意度居于一般水平,受性别、年龄、学历、工作类型等个体差异影响,建议针对性采取相关激励措施,改善医院奖惩制度及管理状况,提高医务人员工作满意度.
目的 分析广西少数民族贫困地区县级公立综合医院的卫生人力资源现状,为基层综合医院的人才队伍建设提供政策建议.方法 通过自编调查问卷对广西少数民族贫困地区的27家县级综合医院进行调查,调查内容主要为2011-2014年医院卫生人力资源数量、结构和配置情况等.采用描述性统计分析方法对调查数据进行分析.结果 广西少数民族贫困地区县级公立综合医院卫生人力资源数量呈现逐年上升的趋势,但增加幅度不大,总数年均增长率为8.5%;卫生人力资源在学历方面,以大专和本科学历人群为多;在职称方面,卫技人员和注册护士中,初级及以下职称人群为多,所占比例分别为67.8%和74.5%,而医师中,中级职称人数最多,所占比例为46.5%;在年龄方面,以25-34岁的人员最多.平均工作人员、卫技人员和与护理人员与平均开放床位数之比均呈现出逐年下降趋势.结论 广西少数民族贫困地区县级公立综合医院卫生技术人员总体概况以及人员专业构成、职称构成、学历构成需进一步优化,政府应适当加强投入和引导,巩固和加强医疗卫生人才队伍建设,提升贫困地区卫生服务能力与技术水平.
目的 探讨大型综合医院住院费用结构变动趋势及特征.方法 收集2014~2016年广西某高等医药院校附属综合医院住院患者的费用资料,分析其结构变动值、结构变动度和结构贡献率等指标.结果 2014~2016年药品费、卫生材料费、治疗费、化验费和检查费比均居前5位,5项目累积贡献率达82.96%.药品费、诊查费、床位费、治疗费和护理费的结构变动值呈负向变动;检查费、化验费、卫生材料费和手术费的结构变动值则呈正向变动.结论 住院费用结构不合理,药品费、卫生材料费、化验费、检查费等比重较高,而体现医护人员技术劳务价值的手术费、护理费等比重较低,费用结构有待调整与优化.
目的 分析大型公立综合医院住院费用结构变动趋势及特征,为控制住院费用过快增长提供循证依据.方法 收集24所广西三甲综合医院2014-2016年的住院患者费用资料,采用结构变动度进行分析.结果 广西三甲综合医院住院人均费用逐年增长,2015年和2016年广西三甲等综合医院住院人均费用增长率分别为5.59%和3.23%.2014-2016年各项费用占比前5位均包括药品费、卫生材料费、化验费、治疗费和检查费,药品费和治疗费占比逐年下降.2014-2016年广西三甲等综合医院药品费、床位费和治疗费的结构变动值呈负向变动,检查费、化验费、卫生材料费、诊察费、手术费和护理费的结构变动值则均呈正向变动.2014-2016年对住院费用结构变动贡献前5位项目依次为药品费(31.60%)、卫生材料费(27.40%)、治疗费(12.52%)、化验费(7.43%)和检查费(7.36%),这5项累积贡献率达86.31%.结论 住院人均费用增速下降,药费控制政策初见成效.但药占比仍然较高,费用结构不合理,卫生材料费、化验费和检查费占比逐年上升,体现医护人员技术劳务价值的手术费、护理费等费用项目比重较低.
Objective To analysis the trend and characteristics of hospitalization expenses structure change in a grade Ⅲ level A general hospital,and provide evidence for the unreasonable increase of hospitalization expenses.Methors The hospitalization expenses of patients in a grade Ⅲ level A general hospital from 2014 to 2016 were collected by analyzing the structure changes value,degree of structure variation and structure contribution rate.Results The total hospitalization expenses of the top three hospitals increased year by year from 2014 to 2016,but the growth rate decreased.The proportion of medical expenses and medical materials expenses accounted for the total hospitalization expenses of top 2.The value of negative changes in structure of 2014-2016 medicine fees,examination fees,examination fees,bed charges,treatment fees and nursing;value positive changes in the structure of health laboratory fees,material fee,operation fee and other expenses.The cost of medicine and medical materials contribute greatly to the change of hospitalization expenses.The cumulative contribution rate of these 2 items was 47.06%.Conclusion Expenses control policies for medicine has achieved initial success,but the proportion of medicine expenses is still high which still need to strengthen the medicine expenses control.The structure of hospitalization expenses is unreasonable.The proportion of medical materials and laboratory fees are high.However,the cost of operation and nursing care which reflects the technical labor value of medical staff is relatively low.Expenses structure needs to be adjusted and optimized.
灌阳县位于广西壮族自治区桂林市东北部,是广西第二批县级公立医院综合改革试点县.自2009年启动县级公立医院综合改革以来,该县通过建立县级公立医院集团,着力提供综合性医疗服务. 灌阳县整合全县3家县级公立医院、9家乡镇卫生院组建统一法人的灌阳县公立医院集团.在不改变机构建制、公益属性、基本功能、人员编制身份、财政投入渠道和保障方式的前提下,对集团内部的各公立医疗机构人财物统一调配、使用和管理,构建新型医院管理体系.
目的:了解肿瘤专科医院住院费用结构变动趋势及特征,为控制住院费用不合理增长提供依据.方法:收集广西某肿瘤专科医院2014-2016年的住院患者费用资料,运用结构变动值、结构变动度和结构贡献率等指标进行分析.结果:2014-2016年医院住院人均费用年均增长率为-0.65%.药品费、化验费、床位费、治疗费和护理费的结构变动值呈负向变动,检查费、卫生材料费、手术费和其他费用的结构变动值则呈正向变动.检查费、药品费和治疗费结构变动贡献率较高,3项累积贡献率达71.09%.结论:检查费、药品费和治疗费是影响住院费用的主要项目.住院费用结构不合理,药品费和检查费比重较高,而体现医务人员医疗服务价值的手术费、护理费较低,费用结构有待进一步调整完善.
Objective To analyze the income and expenses structure of county-level public general hospitals in impoverished minority areas of Guangxi.Methods Collecting the data of income and expenses of 27 county-level public hospitals from 2011 to 2014.And the descriptive analysis was used to analyze the quantitative data.Results (1) The total income and expenses in county-level public hospitals in impoverished minority areas of Guangxi has a growth trend,and both make ends meet.(2) The medical income percentage in total income is higher than drug income percentage,and the proportion of financial assistance in the total income is decreasing.(3) The compensation ability of drug expenses for hospital has been gradually weakened.Conclusion (1) Hospitals' economic operation mechanism has improved;(2) The government should not only further increase financial subsidies,but also optimize the input method;(3) Revenue management of county-level public general hospitals should be strengthened;(4) Hospitals should control the unreasonable growth of medical fees,so as to reduce the medical fees.
目的:分析广西少数民族贫困地区县级公立综合医院2011-2014年经济运行状况及存在问题.方法:通过自编调查问卷对广西少数民族贫困地区的27家县级综合医院进行调查,主要调查内容为运营效益、业务能力、资产与负债总额及构成、偿债能力和经营效率等.采用描述性统计分析方法对调查数据进行分析.结果:2011-2014年广西少数民族贫困地区县级公立综合医院总收入年均增长率为22.43%,总支出年均增长率为21.90%;门诊收入、住院收入和药品收入年均增长率分别为30.06%、35.72%、24.67%.每职工年均业务收入年均增长率为6.56%;床均业务收入年均增长率为13.30%.2014年,医院资产总额平均为1.20亿元,负债总额平均为0.45亿元,资产总额年均增长率为18.64%,负债总额年均增长率为32.88%.医院平均资产负债率从2011年的26.80%上升到2014年的37.64%.结论:广西少数民族贫困地区县级公立综合医院存在债务负担较重、经营效率低下等问题.因此,控制负债规模、限制县级医院规模、增加政府投入是今后改革的重点.
Objective To analyze the current situation of the medical service ability of county public hospitals in the ethnic minority depressed-areas of Guangxi and to explore the countermeasures.Methods Unified questionnaire was used to investigate 27 county hospitals in the ethnic minority depressed-areas of Guangxi.The related indicators about service ability of these hospitals were collected from 2011 to 2014.Epi-Data3.0 software was used to set up a database.The questionnaire was doubly entered and checked.The original questionnaire was checked.The inconsistent data were corrected.SPSS16.0 was used for Descriptive Statistical Analysis.Results In terms of medical service ability,the scale of beds was not reasonable;medical discipline construction is backward;the diagnostic and treatment technique and surgery couldn't meet national standard.Conclusions Because the economic development of the minority areas in Guangxi is lagging behind,the government should increase the financial input for the county hospitals.The medical service ability of county hospitals is obviously insufficient,so the scale of beds should be expanded and medical discipline construction strengthened.
Objective:To learn the status quo of pediatric healthcare capacity in county level general hospital in minority poverty area of Guangxi and to find out ways for improving it.Methods:27 county level general hospitals in minority poverty area of Guangxi were selected to have a unified.The main contents of the survey were the number of beds,staff,amount of medical care,diagnosis and treatment of common diseases and difficult diseases,key operation and technique.Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the data of the survey.Results:Pediatric practice (Assistant) doctor's degree and professional title are low.Pediatric practice's work intensity is heavy,ratio of doctor and nurse is low.Conclusions:The county public hospital in Guangxi minority poverty area has played an important role in the local pediatric medical service.The pediatric medical resources are deficient.It needs to increase investment in medical resources,strengthening the construction of pediatric department and improve the capacity of pediatric healthcare provision.
目的:了解广西二级以上医疗机构综合ICU现状,为广西ICU的建设与发展提供参考。方法采用现场问卷调查方式,对申报广西重症医学科准入评审的93个二级、三级医疗机构综合ICU进行调查。结果(1) ICU组织管理及规模:ICU平均床位数为(9.41±5.53)张,ICU床位数占医院总床位数的(1.69±0.52)%。(2)设备设施配置:床旁多功能持续心电监护仪、呼吸机、微量泵与ICU平均床位数比值分别为(1.10±0.38)∶1、(1.09±0.31)∶1、(4.23±1.54)∶1。血液净化仪、纤维支气管镜及床边X光机的配置分别为(0.78±0.70)、(1.01±0.80)、(0.90±0.30)台。(3)三级医院综合ICU高级职称医师、护士的比例明显多于二级医院(P<0.05)。(4)绝大多数ICU均能独立开展机械通气技术和深静脉置管术,89.25%的ICU独立开展了纤维支气管镜检查。(5)实行急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分的ICU占100%。结论广西综合ICU规模及性质、设备、人员配置和技术开展情况基本符合《重症医学科建设与管理指南(试行)》,但综合ICU床位数需进一步增加,一些特殊监测治疗技术尚有待普及。
目的了解广西县级公立综合医院的经济运行状况,为广西县级公立综合医院改革提供决策依据。方法选择广西县级公立综合医院81家作为调查对象,通过复习文献和咨询专家,编制调查表,调查2010年医院经济运行状况。结果广西县级公立综合医院2010年平均总收入大于平均总支出,医疗收入大于药品收入,各地区医院的经济状况存在差异,平均资产负债率为31.09%。结论广西县级公立综合医院存在经营效率低,政府投入不足等问题,应完善公共财政对公立医院的补偿政策,加强医院自身的内涵建设,严格控制医院发展规模。
目的 了解医院消毒供应中心清洗消毒灭菌设施的配置及管理现状并分析存在的问题,为改进医院消毒供应中心设备设施管理提供参考.方法 采用分层抽样法抽取广西143所医院对其消毒供应中心负责人进行问卷调查,对其中47所进行现场调查.结果 143所消毒供应中心中,2所医院的清洗消毒灭菌委托他院处理;其中隔离衣、手套、口罩、帽子配置率达95.7%,防护面罩80.1%,洗眼装置68.8%;压力蒸汽灭菌器配置率为91.4%~100%,低温灭菌器配置率普遍较低(0~37.1%).结论 各级医院需强化硬件实力与管理效能的双向促进作用,规范设备设施准入管理,遵循原则审核包装材料资质,以通畅的系统功能保障消毒供应中心高效能的发挥作用.
目的分析医疗纠纷中死亡病例的死亡原因,发生的医院,不同时期的分布,临床与尸检诊断的符合率。方法回顾分析10年间尸体解剖114例,比较临床诊断与尸检诊断是否相符。结果①114例中,90.4%找到死亡的主要原因,临床诊断与病理诊断不相符率为25.9%;②尸解逐年增多,发生在基层医疗机构的尸解明显增多;③发生的学科以内科为首位,共48例,儿科其次,产科居第三位;④疾病分布以呼吸系统疾病占首位,共25例,心血管疾病居次,消化系统居第三位。结论科学准确地进行医疗事故争议鉴定,给有关部门提供处理医疗纠纷的科学依据,尸体解剖工作尤为重要。
Objective To study the concentrations of Ca,Zn,Cu,Fe and Mn in breast milk of the lactating mother in Sanjiang of Guangxi.Methods Breast milk samples were collected from 120 lactating mothers in Sanjiang.Ca,Zn,Cu,Fe and Mn in human milk were measured.Dietary composition of the enrolled lactating mothers was investigated.Results The Dong lactating mothers'daily intakes of Fe were notable higher than that of the DRIS standard(P 0.05),while Ca and Zn were lower than those of the standard,respectively(P 0.01) .In the first month,the milk Fe of the lactating mothers in Sanjiang was higher than those of the reference value;And in the following months,the milk Ca,Zn and Fe were generally lower than those of the reference value.Conclusion Efforts should be made to enhance the nutrition education among the local women during lactation period.We suggest that pregnant and lactating women in Sanjiang should increase their intake of Ca,Zn and Fe.
家庭是指具有重要的情感联系或血缘联系的一组人.它作为一个群体是社会的细胞,是社会生活的基本单位.也是个体社会化的起点.一个人一生中心理的发展变化无不受到家庭因素的影响,尤其是在生命的早期阶段.
当前,我国医疗卫生服务面临的主要矛盾是医疗资源供给不足与人民群众日益增长的健康需求之间的矛盾,其表现就是群众看病难、看病贵的问题十分突出,已成社会的热点问题.广西和全国一样,同样存在看病难、看病贵.群众看病究竟难在哪?贵在哪?如何解决?笔者在此谈点拙见.