在对数据无节制攫取和垄断的基础上,数字寡头通过算法让数据资本迅速地积聚并牟取超额利润.数据殖民由此成为一种新的殖民主义形式,数据空间则成为新型的殖民地形态.相比传统的殖民关系,数据殖民具有形式上的软暴力性和隐蔽性、剥削内容上的深刻性与彻底性、空间上的无限性和开放性、手段上的欺骗性和强制性.数字寡头同资本主义国家进一步勾结,导致被数据化的人成为被操控的"数据奴隶",发展中国家更易于遭受信息侵略或文化欺凌,并造成新的经济和社会权力的不平衡,形成新的帝国主义霸权.为此,我们应辩证看待数字技术,依靠多元主体的共同努力应对数据殖民的风险.

1942年创办并存续到解放战争时期的晋察冀边区自然科学界协会是对抗日根据地影响较大的综合性科学社团.它聚集了研究力量,使边区建立了一支富有特色的科技队伍,并最大限度地发挥其专长,取得了诸多的独创性研究成果.它大力宣传普及、推广科学知识与思想,同时代表解放区自然科学界向全国呼吁,促进了全国科学界的团结合作.它有力推动了边区发展并保证了抗战建国的需要,培养和储备了大批科技人才,也为新中国成立后创办和发展科学社团提供了实践经验.

在长期的革命和建设实践中,陈云科技思想从初步形成、不断发展并走向成熟,其主要内涵包括以"科学要大众化"为核心的科技价值观、立足基本国情的科技发展战略观和赞之为"国宝"的科技人才观.陈云科技思想展现出宏观性与重点性相结合、务实性和创造性相统一、时代性和前瞻性并存的特点,有力地推动了我国科技及生产建设事业的发展,对新时代实现创新驱动发展战略及科技治理体系和治理能力现代化具有重要参考价值和借鉴意义.

随着民族资本企业的产生和艰难成长,爱国逐渐成为近代以来优秀企业家的光荣传统.他们发出"挽回利权""实业救国"的时代呼声,倡导"抵制洋货,提倡国货"的爱国运动,投身反帝爱国运动及全力支持抵御外敌,还设法保存企业,献身于新中国建设,并助力中华民族伟大复兴.他们把爱国情怀倾注在报效国家的实际行动中,成为企业家精神的鲜明底色,为中国摆脱贫穷落后和崛起作出了突出贡献.

信用合作社是劳动群众根据自愿互助原则建立的集体金融组织,相对银行来说,信用合作社营运资金和规模都比较小,但是创立起来比较方便、迅速,而且与农民联系紧密,是可以便利工农群众资金周转以发展生产、抵制高利贷剥削的金融合作组织.

根据党中央的指示精神,并结合自身的具体情况,山东抗日根据地努力发展必要的科技事业.各级组织高度重视,制定相应的科技政策,延揽和优待技术人才、奖励发明,创办科技教育,培养技术人才,成立专业科研机构和科技团体,并通过各种方式进行科技普及工作.这些做法及取得的成就对于解决山东抗日根据地军需民用的困难,为坚持抗战都做出了重要贡献.在根据地缺乏设备、资料和原料的艰难环境下取得的这些成果,尤为令人称颂.

闽浙赣苏区开创了医疗、军工、无线电通讯和工农业生产等科技事业,创建了红军医院、兵工厂和无线电大队,并建立了医学校、通讯学校和训练班等,培养了大批技术人才.苏区科技事业也取得了许多重要成果,例如,创办了红军第一所卫生学校,较早制造出一批小钢炮、迫击炮弹、花机关枪和步枪,改进地雷设计和黑火药配方等.虽然苏区开创的科技事业并非超前性的,但却适应了当时战争环境以及根据地的实际,因而具有重要意义,发挥了巨大作用.苏区科技事业也是在方志敏的推动和关怀下开创的,充分体现了方志敏等苏区领导人对科技的高度重视.

在推进新时代理论武装过程中,仍存在一些问题和挑战,主要包括:形式主义、官僚主义和主观主义,"假、大、虚"以及学做"两张皮".为此,要力戒形式主义、官僚主义和主观主义;要学深悟透,坚决避免学用脱节,在转化上下功夫;要提高运用党的创新理论指导实践、推动工作的能力,做到学思用贯通、知信行统一.

联合准备机构作为民间“银行的银行”,具有重要地位和影响.战后,国民政府利用对收复区民营金融机构清理、整顿的时机,率先将票据清算组织从上海银钱业的联合准备机构中剥离,改组、成立了由中央银行控制的全市统一的上海票据交换所,同时清理结束钱库和联准会.另外,又根据财政部制定的办法合组成统一的上海银钱业联合准备会,但由于社会经济环境的不断恶化,成立不到三年即宣告结束.上海联合准备机构的分合演变反映了战后中央银行职能仍不健全以及与一般银钱业联系的不紧密,也从一个侧面体现了战后上海金融制度的变迁.

高校归国留学人员活跃在学校教学、科研和管理第一线,是高校改革发展的重要力量,也是高校统战工作的重要对象.做好归国留学人员的统战工作,对建立一支素质高、结构合理、相对稳定的高校知识分子队伍,具有重要的战略意义.通过对同济大学的抽样问卷调研,掌握归国留学人员的思想状况及其迫切的心理需要,积极探索和选择必要的工作方法和载体以加强教育引导的针对性,从而充分调动他们的积极性、主动性和创造性.

近年来,随着上海市行业协会和同业公会等社会团体数量的快速增长,给统战部门提出了新的要求和挑战,也为统战工作增加了一个新平台。本文分析了改革开放以后上海市行业协会和同业公会的发展概况,并论述了社团发展对上海市统战工作的影响,最后从四个方面阐述了加强上海市社团统战工作的基本思路。

In modern China there were three bills operating institutions,they were not completely copying the Western model,but the different degree of system change.The Bengbu discount hall is significantly different from the similar foreign agencies.The "Chinese characteristics" of Shanghai Accepting Houses is very significant,Chongqing Joint Accepting Houses has Chinese and Western characteristics.In order to adapt to national conditions and business,these were necessary modification and transformation.It will produce "gene mutation".This system change idea is still a certain reference and inspiration for today's bills market construction.

公司债作为一种新型的融资手段,在近代中国得到了初步发展,有助于解决个别企业的融资困难,但很少直接用于发展企业生产,且公司债发行数量有限,与国内产业经济的关系疏离。从发行角度看,华商公司债是较为规范和成功的,主要由银团承销,成立专门的银团办事机构,并注重降低发行风险。从流通角度看,公司债则基本滞留在银行,未正式流通和在证券市场开拍。发行成本过高及当时企业面临外部环境的不利是制约华商公司债发展的根本原因。因此,在幼稚和畸形的证券市场中诞生的华商公司债既有所发展,但又难以充分发展。

Under the CPC's leadership and promotion,in the Jin-Cha-Ji and Shan-Gan-Ning natural science movement was initiated.All kinds of science and technology communities was founded.It become the organic part of the movement.These Communities in anti-japanese base areas have e an indelible contribution.These practice experience still to have the certain reference in supervision and guidance for the healthy development of the science and technology Communities today.

Affected by the impact and incentives of foreign investors in China,the Chinese businessmen are trying to set-up for futures trading and exchanges.Before the birth of the exchange,trade associations and hall served as the roles of temporary exchange,and the deal contracts similar to future contracts appeared.This is the embryonic form of modern China's futures market.The opening of China's first stock exchange-Beijing Stock Exchange-and the establishment of other types of exchange mean that the modern China's futures market was formally established and the standardized futures trading system was established.At the same time a frenzy of speculative transactions was set off.Since the dependence of the socio-economic environment is different from the Western developed countries.It reflects that modern China's futures market has its own characteristics.

集中主持票据交换与清算是中央银行的一项基本职能,但南京国民政府时期中央银行票据清算职能的建立与完善却相当迟缓,上海票据交换所并非由中央银行主办,而是由战前的商办民营到战后在政府银行监控下的民营。中央银行与上海票据交换所的关系存在着从游离、应邀加入到战时退出几个阶段。在大后方,中央银行开始尝试自行主办并逐步推广票据交换业务。直到战后,中央银行主持全国票据清算的职能才最终确立,其他城市均由当地中央银行分行集中办理票据交换,唯独上海是由中央银行委托上海票据交换所办理全市的票据清算事务,因此,上海票据交换所的发展路径就显得极为特殊。

The foreign banks supervision of China and Korea have a high degree of comparability,but there are biggish difference in the supervisory content.By comparing with the Korea,China can acquire some illumination.for example,to set up the special supervisory agency in order to enhance the validity of supervision,to perfect the rule of law,to attach importance to the supervision of the risk of risk,to perfect the supervision of market exit.

The privatization of state-owned commercial bank of Korea go through four phase include large-scale commercial bank,special bank,the privatization after the nationalization during the financial crisis of Asia and privatizing in virtue of foreign capital.It give us some enlightenment,such as the development of the real economy require the financial deepening,government need participation and leading,the privatization of property right is unequal to the liberalization of the management and accelerating the course of the privatization in virtue of foreign capital.

Shanghai Accepting Houses,set up in 16th March 1936,is the first institution to operate accepting and discount of the bills.It is different from general accepting houses and discount houses.It is a bill credit institution that operates accepting and discount of the bills and is composed of the banking.The paper will discuss its innovation in system of bill credit from organization and institution,credit instruments and circulating manner.The innovation adapts to the situation of China and commerce then and there.Although it exists for five years,its idea of system innovation is still used for reference to this today.

中韩两国的历史文化和国情较为相似,两国的中小企业信用担保体系也具有很强的可比性。通过与韩国发展经验的比较,本文认为,我国的信用担保业存在许多未尽完善之处,主要有:信用担保机构数量多,但资金规模小;立法滞后,难以对担保机构进行有效约束;民间资本占主导地位,与金融机构协同效应差。