边界作为政治实体管辖地域的分界线,造成了社会经济空间的不连续性,进而形成了政治、经济和文化差异.边界是各种要素跨界自由流动的关键界面,其屏蔽或中介效应影响一国或地区社会经济发展的福利水平.采用文献综述法,在梳理边界效应的研究缘起与基本概念的基础上,从测度方法、研究尺度和研究结论三方面总结了边界效应研究的发展脉络,并论述了经济地理学、世界经济、区域经济学和产业经济学领域中边界效应研究的剖析视角与主要内容.基于边界效应研究视角的异质性,总结出边界效应的五种主要测度方法,即引力模型、"一价定律"法、李嘉图模型、可计算一般均衡模型和区域增长模型.最后,联系中国现实问题对边界效应研究的未来发展方向进行展望,即探索克服隐性边界壁垒的对策,加强边境地区边界效应的补偿模式研究,以及探究各级行政边界的协同优化机制.

There is mounting theoretical and empirical research that explains the reasons for the rapid expansion of China's export trade, but they mostly ignore the effects of cultural differences. To fill this gap, this paper provides an empirical investigation of how cultural diversity affects the sustainable development of trade, which is defined as the goal of maintaining certain volume of trade and making trade growth sustainable. The findings are as follows. (1) Cultural diversity can significantly promote the sustainable development of trade. (2) Entrepreneurship is the possible channel wherein cultural diversity affects the sustainable development of trade, including innovation entrepreneurship and business entrepreneurship. (3) Further studies demonstrate that economic openness has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between cultural diversity and the sustainable development of trade. That is, the higher the level of openness of a city, the stronger the promotion of cultural diversity to the sustainable development of trade. This study not only deepens understanding on the relationship between culture and trade but also provides important policy implications for many countries that have high migration rates.

运用新新贸易理论构建数字经济与出口产品质量的分析框架,采用微观贸易数据实证考察数字经济对制造业企业出口产品质量的影响效应与作用机制,可以发现:第一,数字经济能显著提升制造业企业出口产品质量.这一结论在改变关键变量衡量指标、考虑内生性、改变回归样本以及考虑行业趋势改变等稳健性检验后依然成立.第二,数字经济对制造业企业出口质量提升的驱动作用在不同贸易方式上和对不同所有制企业均表现出一定的异质性.第三,生产效率是数字经济驱动制造业企业出口质量提升的可能机制,而质量生产能力这一机制的作用并不显著.因此,政府应该加快数字经济战略部署,加速数字技术和数字产品创新,不断推动制造业企业出口质量升级,打造中国制造国际竞争新优势.

自国际金融危机爆发后,全球价值链进入结构性调整新时期,呈现出链条数字化、 知识化、 服务化、生产区域化与本土化趋势.生产要素结构变化、全球经济治理权力博弈、比较优势重塑是导致全球价值链深度调整的内部根源.中国作为全球价值链分工的重要参与者,应积极主动顺应全球价值链演进新趋势,从以下四方面着手推动中国攀升全球价值链中高端:以"新基建"为引领,完善数字基础设施建设;以关键核心技术攻关为着眼点,增强产业自主创新能力;以自主开放为导向,积极参与国际经贸规则构建;以现代服务业为抓手,夯实价值链转型发展基础.

利用2000-2010年间中国工业企业和海关的匹配数据库,结合我国普遍存在的融资约束背景,识别和检验人力资本积累对我国企业出口产品质量升级作用的效果及渠道.结果表明:(1)不同于既有研究强调的单一生产率路径,人力资本的改善分别从加工生产率、产品生产率和规模扩张三类渠道显著提升了企业的出口产品质量.(2)人力资本对出口产品质量的推动作用受到了融资约束的负面影响,而规模扩张渠道遭到的制约是出现这一现象的主要原因.(3)与企业研发密切相关的加工生产率渠道并未受到融资约束的限制,这表明我国出口产品质量升级缓慢与出口企业未能实现人力资本利用的专业化、高级化转变密切相关.人力资本与企业出口产品质量的深层次关系为我国出口突破现实困境、探索未来发展方向提供了新的视角与经验证据.

Most studies focus on the empirical investigation of the relationship between environment and trade, but they lack a systematic theoretical framework. To fill this gap, this study constructs an analytical framework of export competitiveness from the perspective of product quality, and reveals the theoretical mechanism of environmental regulation affecting export quality. We empirically examine the impact of environmental regulation on the export quality of China’s manufacturing industry, as well as its possible mechanism. Our findings show that environmental regulation can significantly promote the export quality upgrading of the manufacturing industry and that process and product productivity are two possible channels through which such regulation affects export quality, although their mediating effects are in opposite directions. The mediating effect of product productivity is greater than that of process productivity, indicating that environmental regulation mainly has an innovation offset effect on China’s manufacturing industry. For pollution-intensive industries, environmental regulation plays a significant promoting role through the channel of product productivity, but, for clean industries, environmental regulation has an inhibitory effect through the channel of process productivity. These findings provide important enlightenment for the coordinated development of China’s ecological civilization and trade power.

A current and universal challenge, particularly in developing nations, is the establishment of effective environmental regulation policies that protect the ecological environment without adversely affecting the international competitiveness of the domestic manufacturing industry. To deal with this dilemma, this study investigates the export competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry from the viewpoint of export value added. The Porter hypothesis is applied for an empirical investigation of the effect of environmental regulation on export competitiveness and to determine the presence of intra-industry heterogeneity. Furthermore, this study seeks to understand the mechanisms through which environmental regulation affects export competitiveness by exploring the two main approaches to technological innovation. The findings reveal that environmental regulation has a promotion effect of approximately 2% on the export competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry; however, this effect is non-linear and displays a "U-shaped" tendency, indicating that certain prerequisites must be fulfilled to validate the Porter hypothesis. In addition, the effect of environmental regulation displays significant intra-industry heterogeneity, which is evident primarily in heavily polluting sub-industries and to a lesser extent in moderately polluting sub-industries but insignificant in lightly polluting sub-industries. Environmental regulation also differs significantly in the mechanisms through which it affects different approaches to technological innovation. Independent research and development is affected by environmental regulation through the compliance cost effect, which limits export competitiveness, while technology introduction is affected by the innovation offset effect, which favors export competitiveness. These findings offer political implications for the sustainable development of the ecological environment and foreign trade.

本文尝试从"性价比"的视角分析一国出口的综合竞争力,并利用跨国微观贸易数据对制造业的"性价比"水平进行国际比较;同时,基于出口价格和出口质量的演进趋势分析,探究了中国制造业"性价比"水平的变动因素.研究发现:从"性价比"水平的国际比较上看,中国劳动密集型行业的出口产品在样本国中具有较高的"性价比"竞争力,且呈现上升趋势;资本密集型行业在样本期初的"性价比"竞争力较弱,但在样本期间实现了对大多数样本国的追赶;中低技术密集型行业和高技术密集型行业的"性价比"竞争力在样本期初处于中等或中等偏下水平,但提升速度较快,在样本期末已处于前列水平.从"性价比"水平的演进趋势看,中国制造业各行业出口产品的"性价比"水平均呈现不同程度的上升趋势,总体而言,资本密集型行业及中低技术密集型行业提升较快,而劳动密集型行业与高技术密集型行业提升较慢.中国制造业出口产品"性价比"提升的主要驱动力来自于出口产品质量的提高,即制造业"性价比"的提升表现为质量驱动型.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">本文在构建理论分析框架的基础上,利用1996-2009年中国与90个贸易伙伴的双边贸易数据进行经验研究,从"性价比"的视角解读了中国出口奇迹。研究结果显示,"性价比"提高显著促进了中国制造业的出口增长,且在不同类型行业和不同类型进口地中呈现出一定的差异性。通过结构分解发现,中国出口产品"性价比"的提高恰好满足了不断扩大的国外市场需求,成就了中国制造业的出口奇迹;"性价比"在结构上的动态调整,揭示了在价格优势逐渐弱化而产品质量与发达国家尚存在差距的情况下,中国制造业出口仍能持续增长的原因。</span>

In the analysis of how environmental regulation affects the comparative advantage of trade, existing literature ignores industry's inherent heterogeneity, which draws remarkably different conclusions. In view of this, the paper analyzed the mechanism of environmental regulation on the export quality of different industries from the perspective of factor input structure heterogeneity. Based on the panel data of China's manufacturing industry, the paper used the system generalized method of moments method to examine the heterogeneity influence of environmental regulation on manufacturing export quality. The study found that, first, environmental regulation affected the export quality upgrade of the manufacturing sector through offset effect and compensation effect, and the direction of the impact would mainly depend on the industry's factor input structure. Second, for industries with larger fixed-asset investment (FAI) ratio in the factor input structure, the current environmental regulation policy was not conducive to the export quality upgrading of the industries. However, there was a significant U-shaped dynamic relationship between them. As environmental regulations became stricter, when regulatory stringency went beyond the inflection point, the policy would promote the upgrading of export quality. But for industries with smaller proportion of FAI, environmental regulation exerted a favorable impact on the export quality upgrade, following a J-shaped marginal growth curve. Third, for industries with different factor input structure, their export quality had been effectively upgraded as expected by factors like human capital investment, independent R&D, technology introduction, and foreign direct investment; but raising per capita capital stock and expanding enterprise size did not produce significant direct impact on export quality upgrade. These conclusions remained robust after using different measurement methods and replacing with other variables. Therefore, this paper suggests that governments should take industry heterogeneity into consideration and formulate differentiated hierarchical environmental policies. Besides, they should strengthen the enforcement of the current environmental regulation policies. By doing so, enterprises are forced to improve their technology and product quality so that they can better cope with rising compliance costs, eliminate backward industries, and resolve excess capacity. In this way, the economic structure would be transformed and upgraded from the supply side.

本文从质量竞争力的视角出发,利用2000-2011年中国27个制造业行业的动态面板数据,运用SYS-GMM方法实证检验了环境规制对出口质量的影响机制.研究得出:环境规制对制造业出口质量会产生先降低再提高的“U”型动态影响,在样本期间制造业的环境规制强度低于“拐点”值,不利于出口质量的提高;环境规制对出口质量的“U”型动态影响主要体现于重度污染行业,而对于轻度污染行业并无显著影响;在环境规制约束下,技术引进能显著促进出口质量升级,而自主研发却起到抑制作用.本文的研究为政府实施适度的环境规制和选择差异化的环境规制工具提供了政策启示.

在经济新常态下研究如何提高全要素生产率具有重要的理论和现实意义.随着区域经济的联系越来越紧密,金融发展在区域间的空间关联性日益凸显.从区域内和区域间两个层面构建金融发展影响全要素生产率的空间溢出模型,分别采用动态面板GMM模型和空间面板SAR、SEM和SDM模型对金融发展影响全要素生产率的空间溢出效应进行的实证分析结果表明,金融发展对全要素生产率在区域内和区域间均存在显著的空间溢出效应.为进一步提升地区全要素生产率和促进区域经济发展,政府应加强金融市场化程度,并在制度和机构设置上逐步取消金融市场分割,以有利于金融发展在区域内和区域间更好地发挥溢出效应.

环境规制会对制造业的贸易比较优势产生先抑制再促进的“U”型动态影响;技术引进、人力资本、外资参与均显著地促进了贸易比较优势的提高;自主研发、人均资本和企业规模并未发挥出预期的积极作用;环境规制对贸易比较优势的影响机制在不同的技术创新方式上存在差异,对自主研发主要表现为“抵消效应”和“约束效应”,对技术引进则主要表现为“倒逼效应”和“补偿效应”.本文的研究结论为政府协调贸易与环境的关系提供了有益的启示.

文章分析了异质性外资与环境规制对出口技术复杂度的影响机制,并利用2001-2015年华东地区六省一市的面板数据进行了实证检验.研究发现,不同特征的外资对华东地区出口技术复杂度的影响存在明显差异.从外资来源地看,来自欧美等发达地区的外资对提升出口技术复杂度发挥了显著的正向作用,而来自我国港澳台地区的外资并未表现出显著影响;从外资进入方式看,以合资方式进入的外资抑制了出口技术复杂度的提升,而以独资方式进入的外资则起到了积极的促进作用.现阶段,华东地区环境规制强度的加大不利于出口技术复杂度的提升.此外,环境规制与外资的交互项对出口技术复杂度的影响也存在较大差异,加大环境规制强度仅有利于以独资方式进入的外资发挥技术溢出效应,促进出口技术复杂度提升,对来自我国港澳台地区的外资和以合资方式进入的外资则产生不利影响,而对来自欧美等发达地区的外资影响不明显.

本文运用投入—产出模型及有关方法,基于出口增加值的视角,对垂直专业化分工和贸易下中国制造业14个部门的比较优势及要素含量进行了实证研究.结果表明,劳动密集型部门的比较优势得到巩固,部分资本、技术密集型部门已具有比较优势,另一些部门的比较劣势得到改善.总体而言,中国制造业各部门资本密集程度正在不断提高,中、高技能劳动时间份额也在逐步增大,这为中国实施《中国制造2025》的战略规划打下了坚实基础.

文章将媒体关注看作一种信息中介,从媒体经济功能发挥的角度提出“财经媒体关注、股价波动同步和市场效率提升”的分析思路,运用中国上市公司数据对媒体关注作用于股价波动的影响进行实证分析,检验媒体关注对信息不对称水平的降低作用.研究发现:媒体关注增加了股价波动,同时该增加效应受到市场化水平的正向调节;政策型媒体和市场型媒体的关注都具有增加股价波动的效应,然而市场型媒体关注在市场化水平较高地区的股价波动同步性更加明显.

随着社会生产力的不断进步，文化产业已经成为一个新兴产业，在一国综合国力竞争中的地位也日益突出。文章首先分析了中国文化产品贸易的发展状况，与已有多年文化产业发展经验的发达国家相比，中国的文化贸易发展相对滞后，文化产品缺乏国际竞争力，在此基础上分析形成中国文化产品贸易逆差的原因，最后得出扭转中国文化产品贸易逆差的应对策略。

着重分析进出口贸易和FDI对湖北省经济增长的影响,并具体研究了进口、出口以及FDI对湖北省技术进步的促进作用,因而建立了两个模型来分析。首先应用索洛残差法对湖北省1990-2006年每年的TFP进行了估算,进而得出1990-2006年的技术进步率,然后通过ADF检验和协整回归分析,得出进口促进技术进步,出口一定程度上阻碍技术进步,FDI对技术进步和经济增长都不显著的结论。