Northeast China boasts abundant resources of cold mountain grapes. This study focused on three varieties of cold mountain grape brandy, Beibing Hong (BBH), Shuanghong (SH), and Zuoshanyi (ZSY), with varying ageing periods to investigate changes in their physicochemical properties, nutrients, and aroma compounds. Results showed that alcohol content and pH gradually decreased with ageing, while total acidity (including inorganic acids) increased. Specific organic acids declined over time, whereas polyphenolic compounds increased with longer ageing. Furthermore, the total quantity of aroma substances in all three brandies was positively correlated with ageing duration, with 18-month-aged BBH brandy exhibiting the highest content and the richest aromatic variety. Clustering analysis via heat maps revealed that brandies aged 12 and 18 months grouped together, showing that ageing time correlated positively with most esters and alcohols and negatively with acids. No significant variations were observed in the contents of terpenes, aldehydes and ketones among the three brandy varieties.

Ag/ZnO composite materials were prepared using a hydrothermal method based on the optimal experimental conditions for synthesizing ZnO materials. These composites were utilized in the photodegradation of simulated wastewater containing 50 mg/L ammonium nitrogen. The optimal composite ratio was determined through experimentation, and Ag/ZnO composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the Ag/ZnO composites exhibit microstructural features similar to ZnO materials, characterized by flower-like morphologies composed of clustered porous sheets with high crystallinity. Compared to pure ZnO, the Ag/ZnO-5

It is a challenging issue for the creation of photogenerated carrier collectors on the photocatalyst to drive charge separation and promote reaction kinetics in the photocatalytic reaction. Herein, based on one-step dual-modulation strategy, IrO2 nanodots are modified at the edge of polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) nanosheets and atomically dispersed Ir atoms are implanted in the skeleton of PCN to obtain a unique Ir-PCN/IrO2 photocatalyst. IrO2 nanodots and atomically dispersed Ir atoms act as hole and electron collectors to synergistically promote the carrier separation and reaction kinetics, respectively, thereby greatly improving the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) performance. As a result, without adding additional cocatalyst, the PHE rate over the optimal Ir-PCN/IrO2-2% sample reaches up to 1564.4 μmol h-1 g-1 under the visible light irradiation, with achieving an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 15.7% at 420 nm.

以玉米秸秆为原料,采用溶媒法制备羧甲基纤维素(carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC),并制备羧甲基纤维素保鲜膜.研究甘油与CMC添加量对膜的保鲜效果的影响.考察CMC膜的晶体结构、表面形貌、红外光谱、热稳定性、透光率、水蒸气透过率及对蓝莓的保鲜效果.结果表明:当甘油添加量为0.7mL、CMC添加量为0.5 g时,膜在蓝莓保鲜方面性能较好,10d时蓝莓失重率仅为6.0％,相比未涂敷膜液的蓝莓失重率降低了 30.9％;扫描电镜及X射线谱图均显示膜的质地均匀,成分融合良好,水蒸气透过率为6.5704×10-12g/(m·Pa·s).透光率为92％,符合水果保鲜要求.

A new Au-theta-Al2O3/Au/PCN hybrid is fabricated by the collaborative design strategy of active site and assembled structure, which achieves highly efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2R) performance. The energy band structure of PCN is adjusted significantly owing to the strong coupling effect of Au-theta-Al2O3/Au nanosheets intercalated in PCN nanosheets. The result brings about up-shift of CB, VB and Fermi energy level overall and decrease of bandgap, which is in favor of harvesting visible light, exciting VB electrons and increasing reduction ability. In addition, the multiple built-in electric fields are induced by electron diffusion effect between structural units, due to the tight interface contact in the Au-theta-Al2O3/Au/PCN hybrid, which can effectively promote the separation of photoinduced charge carriers. Furthermore, the atomically dispersed Au atoms confined by the oxygen vacancies in Au-theta-Al2O3/Au can provide the plenty of effective active sites for CO2R reaction, and meanwhile, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect induced by Au nanoparticles on Au-theta-Al2O3/ Au can improve the visible light response and produce abundant hot electrons to contribute to CO2R reaction. As a consequence, the average CO evolution rate of over the optimizing 10 %-Au-theta-Al2O3/Au/PCN hybrid (7.76 mu mol g-1h-1) reaches up to 3.53 times than that of PCN (2.20 mu mol g-1h-1) in the CO2R reaction, and maintains basically stable operation within 7 cycles of running, suggesting the superior activity and recyclability.

综述了生物炭吸附处理氨氮废水的研究现状,介绍了物理改性、酸碱改性、金属离子改性和生物改性生物炭,光催化与生物炭联合技术,生物炭固定化微生物技术,生物炭三维电极技术在氨氮废水处理领域的应用进展,详细地介绍了各种方法对氨氮废水的处理效果及其优缺点.展望了生物炭吸附法在氨氮废水处理领域未来的研究重点和发展趋势.

以玉米秸秆为原料制备纳米纤维素/丙烯酸水凝胶并用于染料废水吸附.首先,采用表面接枝共聚法制备水凝胶,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析(TG)对其进行了表征,并进行水凝胶溶胀性能测试.结果表明:水凝胶具有立体蜂窝网状结构,丙烯酸的接枝共聚作用使样品结晶度降低、热稳定性增强.升高温度、碱性介质中水凝胶表现出更好的溶胀能力,但是介质中阳离子价态高溶胀能力下降.最后,对水凝胶吸附亚甲基蓝机理进行了探讨,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,以发生在水凝胶活性基团的单层吸附为主;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,是一种化学吸附.

Hydrogen energy is an efficient and environmentally friendly secondary energy source, and electrolysis of water splitting holds great promise as a hydrogen production technology. Developing the high-effective hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts with abundant source is crucial for improving efficiency for electrocatalytic technology. In recent years, Iron-series metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant interest because of their unique design, excellent electrical conductivity, and uniform distribution of functional sites. Therefore, this minireview focuses on the synthesis, mechanism, and application of iron-series MOFs prepared by coupling organic ligands and iron-series metals. Initially, various techniques for iron-series MOF synthesis are presented, followed by an explanation of the morphology and composition of MOFs. After that, the application of H2 evolution based on it is summarized in detail. Lastly, the challenges facing electrocatalytic materials for hydrogen evolution are discussed, alongside the prospects for other MOF materials. We sincerely hope the minireview may have the certain reference value for the great developments of iron-series MOFs in the future research.

教育改革是实现高等教育现代化的重要措施,而课堂教学是人才培养的核心.在分析传统教学模式存在的问题基础上指出,以学生为中心的课堂教学理念能够激发学生学习的主动性,进而实现提升学生的理论知识、专业技术水平和综合素养,培养出高综合素质的复合型的创新型人才.在现代信息化高速发展的当下,本文对几种以学生为中心的教学模式进行了相应分析对比,为教学改革提出一定的具体课堂教学模式.

以玉米秸秆为原料,采用溶媒法制备羧甲基纤维素,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面法对羧甲基纤维素的制备工艺进行优化.最佳工艺条件为:氯乙酸质量分数为8.9％、反应时间1.5 h、反应温度63℃,此条件下制备的羧甲基纤维素取代度为1.071.使用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪、热重分析仪对玉米秸秆粉、玉米秸秆纤维素及羧甲基纤维素的形貌及结构进行了表征,提取的纤维素的结构没有遭到破坏,结晶度提高.制备的羧甲基纤维素因羧甲基基团的引入,导致表面疏松,热分解温度降低.

探讨超声波辅助碱性过氧化氢法对玉米皮纤维素提取工艺和纤维素含量的影响,在单因素实验基础上,运用响应面法对玉米皮纤维素的提取工艺进行了优化,并利用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪、热重和粒度分析仪对玉米皮纤维素的微观形貌、化学结构、结晶结构、热稳定性和粒度进行表征.结果表明,最优工艺条件为:超声温度为70℃、超声时间为70 min、超声功率为200 W、NaOH质量分数为8％、H2O2体积分数为0.7％、料液比为1∶30 g/mL,在此条件下提取纤维素含量为83.34％.表征结果表明,玉米皮纤维素表面呈现纤维素聚集结构,玉米皮纤维素结构没有受到破坏,半纤维素和木质素得到有效去除;玉米皮纤维素晶型未改变,玉米皮纤维素最大热分解温度为328℃,热稳定性优于玉米皮;玉米皮纤维素粒径减小,平均粒径为111 μm.

介绍了玉米秸秆中纤维素提取方法及应用的研究进展,包括玉米秸秆纤维素的物理提取方法、化学提取方法以及玉米秸秆纤维素在农业肥料的生产、制备复合材料、污水处理等方面的应用.旨在通过本文,对前人的研究结果进行总结,并对其发展进行了展望与建议.

纤维素是一种天然可再生资源,通过物理和化学方法对纤维素进行处理,可以改变纤维素固有的性质,形成具有特殊功能性质的改性纤维素.目前,改性纤维素已应用于食品和调味品加工中,对增加食品营养、保持食品品质和延长食品货架期具有重要作用.文章总结了近10年来改性纤维素在食品和调味品加工中的应用研究情况,为推动改性纤维素的进一步研究及应用提供了参考.

以玉米皮半纤维素、壳聚糖和甘油共混制备复合膜,研究了玉米皮半纤维素、壳聚糖和甘油添加量对复合膜力学性质的影响,考察了复合膜的结晶结构、表面形貌、热稳定性、抗菌性能、降解性能、热溶解性和透光性.结果 表明,当玉米皮半纤维素浓度为2.4％,壳聚糖浓度为0.6％,甘油浓度为0.4％时,做出的复合膜具有较好的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率.X-射线分析表明,半纤维素结晶结构未发生实质性变化,SEM和热重分析表明,复合膜具有较好的表面特性和热稳定性,制得的复合膜对大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌具有一定的抑菌效果,并且具有较好的降解性、热溶解性和透光性.

以活性炭为载体,采用液相还原法制备活性炭/氧化亚铜(A C/C u2 O)光催化剂,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对样品进行官能团分析、形貌观察和物相分析.利用该催化剂处理聚乙烯醇(PVA)废水,实验结果表明:在水样初始pH为5、PVA初始浓度75 mg/L、催化剂投加量4 g/L、反应时间50 min时PVA的去除率为90.60％;且水样初始pH对PVA的去除效果影响最显著.

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备Cu2 +/TiO2复合光催化剂.在催化剂制备过程中,对煅烧温度、铜离子含量进行单因素分析,确定催化剂最佳制备条件.实验结果表明,最佳工艺制备条件为煅烧温度为700℃,铜离子掺杂量为1％.在光催化降解反应中,通过单因素与正交试验相结合的方式,考察催化剂投加量、光照时间和pH值因素,确定了最佳光催化降解头孢哌酮废水条件.最佳处理条件为,在紫外灯照射下,催化剂投加量5 g/L、光照2h、pH为6时,降解率最高,达到78.20％.

有机化学是化工类专业知识体系中很重要的组成部分,对学生专业课程的学习起到至关重要的作用.学好有机化学,并将有机化学的理论知识应用于专业,是学生必备的一项基本技能.介于目前有机化学课程的授课模式单一、学生学习积极性不高、前沿知识掌握不够等问题,对有机化学课程进行教学模式改革,在传统教学模式的基础上,借助多样的授课形式及微信平台构建混合式教学模式,提高学生的学习积极性,改善课堂教学效果.

课程是高校实现人才培养目标的重要手段和主要载体,课程建设质量直接关系学校的教育教学水平和办学质量.为加强课程建设,充分发挥教授在教学活动中的引领和辐射作用,尝试在无机化学课程建设中实行教授负责制,对教学内容、教学方法、学生学习方式、学生实践能力培养等方面进行了探索和有益的教学实践,取得了明显的成效.

对"教授负责制"在本科教学中的可行性进行探讨,综述了国内外"教授负责制"在课程建设中的应用实例,从实例可以看出:"教授负责制"的运行对于课程建设、教育教学、管理效率的"质""量"方面都有极大的提升作用.为了使"教授负责制"良性循环运行,应制定激励和调动负责人在教学工作中的积极性和创造性的有效措施,同时建立相应的教学质量监控与保障体系.

分别制作了氧化亚铜催化剂、石墨烯催化剂、氧化亚铜/石墨烯复合催化剂(Cu2O/石墨烯)用于处理甲基橙废水,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)等技术对Cu2O/石墨烯复合催化剂的物相和形貌进行表征.结果表明,Cu2O/石墨烯复合催化剂中Cu2O属于立方晶型,且呈粒子状较均匀地分散在薄层石墨烯表面.3种催化剂在可见光、pH值为中性、常温条件下,对甲基橙废水中COD和色度均有较高的去除率,其中Cu2O/石墨烯复合催化剂对甲基橙废水的降解效果最好,当甲基橙废水中COD为335 ～1 452 mg/L时,在最佳投加量为0.6g/L的条件下,对COD的去除率可达到96.7％ ～ 97.4％,且催化效果受甲基橙废水浓度的影响较小,甲基橙废水降解的较佳pH值范围为7.2 ～7.8.