ObjectiveThis study aimed to comprehensively evaluate changes in lifestyle behaviors and mental health status among rescue workers before and after a major public health emergency, and to identify key modifiable risk factors associated with psychological distress in this critical population.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted between February 23 and March 9, 2020, among rescue workers from a designated unit in China. Using a retrospective design, 1,052 valid responses were collected. Participants reported lifestyle behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, mobile phone use, physical activity, work hours, sleep quality) for both pre- and post-outbreak periods. Mental health was assessed using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. Statistical analyses included paired comparisons, correlation analysis, stratification by living status and age group, and multivariable regression models.ResultsSignificant adverse lifestyle changes occurred post-outbreak: increases in smoking (13.98% of smokers), alcohol consumption (6.02% of drinkers), mobile phone use (median rise from 2 to 3 h/day), and nocturnal awakenings, alongside declines in physical activity (inactivity rose from 6.56 to 17.68%) and work hours. Mild-to-severe anxiety and depression prevalence were 9.98% and 10.17%.ConclusionPublic health emergencies trigger unhealthy lifestyle shifts and significant mental health deterioration among rescue workers, with restrictive environments amplifying these risks. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated biosecurity strategies combining psychological support, health behavior promotion, and organizational modifications to protect frontline responders and sustain operational readiness during prolonged crises.

EpiRiskNet combines time-series data with graph and static information to enhance forecasting accuracy. This model features the SCI-Block for improved feature extraction and interaction learning, leveraging the capabilities of SCINet and Triformer to manage diverse feature scales. The model’s standout attribute, scalability, is driven by Triformer’s Patch Attention mechanism, ensuring efficient processing of large-scale data. EpiRiskNet was tested across several locations, including Liaoning, Chongqing, Heilongjiang, and Guangxi, where it demonstrated greater accuracy than other methods. This accuracy is crucial for effectively forecasting disease risks. The model’s adaptability to various regional conditions underscores its significance in public health and epidemiology. Moreover, its modular and flexible design makes EpiRiskNet suitable for a wide range of applications that require advanced data processing and predictive analytics.

The introduction of artificial sweetener saccharin in 1879 initiated the search for a new dietary paradigm of taste substitution. Currently， naturally derived sweeteners with very low or no calorie are becoming common ingredients in the daily diets of diabetics， and even becoming a new trend in health-promoting dietary patterns for the whole population. However， simple "zero"-sugar substitution not only fails to limit calorie intake， but even does the opposite by causing new health problems. Moreover， in addition to sweet taste， salty and fatty taste are also closely related to health. It is therefore absolutely not enough to replace only the sweet taste in diet. Only by comprehensively replacing the main sugar， fat and sodium that present taste in all foods， and developing a new healthy dietary model that preserves the satisfaction of eating while reducing the health hazards of food， can the public eat more healthily without deliberately changing their dietary habits and preferences. In this paper， focusing on the evolutionary and behavioral aspects of eating， the physiology of taste， and the physiology and pathology of taste substitution， we aim to explore the feasibility， problems and challenges of shifting from the "three reduction" dietary model to the "three substitution" healthy diet （sugar， salt and oil substitutes）， and discuss the healthy kitchen model based on the "three substitution" practice.

常常听人们说这样的话,"今天没食欲,吃什么都觉得不香,没有味道!""我今天感冒了,口味变淡,就想吃咸菜喝口粥!"……这些都关乎食欲和味觉两方面.味觉对于正常人和患者来说都相当重要! 一、味觉的定义 味觉是通过分布在舌咽部的味蕾感受器接触食物,产生信号,并经面部、舌咽部或迷走神经传入脑干和丘脑,最终到达味觉皮层而产生的特殊感觉.味觉细胞感知的基本味觉,目前已确定为六种,包括酸(sour)、甜(sweet)、苦(bitter)、咸(salt)、鲜(umami)和2013年才发现的腴味(脂肪味,fat,也叫肥味).这些味觉特质通过位于口腔味觉细胞上的相应味觉感受器传递.

In this study, we focus on exploring the propagation characteristics of particle swarms in social networks and analyze the diffusion process of viruses among populations based on system dynamics. The article mainly discusses three propagation influence mechanisms, including individual attributes, group attributes, and particle swarm attributes, and delves into the modeling of diffusion processes based on network structures. Firstly, we adopt the main roads in the transportation network (hub nodes) as the initial network backbone. On this basis, by introducing branch networks with small-world characteristics and scale-free characteristics, we construct a transportation network that integrates multiple properties. Using this network, we conducted a detailed simulation and analysis of the COVID-19 transmission process and compared and verified it with the infection dynamic data of COVID-19 in Shanghai from March to September 2022. The verification results reveal that our proposed model can significantly improve prediction accuracy. Compared with other existing dynamic models, our model demonstrates excellent performance, possessing high practical application value. This study provides robust theoretical support for the propagation characteristics of particle swarms in social networks and lays the foundation for further research and application in related fields.

目的 探讨基于"四会"培养目标下某军校医学研究生医学统计学课程的授课效果及其影响因素,为提高军事医学研究生医学统计学的授课效果提供参考.方法 基于横断面设计,通过整群抽样方法选取某军校 2021 年秋季学期选修了临床研究设计课程的全体 178 名研究生作为研究对象进行在线问卷调查.调查内容包括基本情况、医学统计学授课情况及满意度,采用二元 logistic 回归模型分析授课效果的影响因素.结果 共收集到 160 份有效问卷(89.9%),研究生最关注的前三位授课内容为"常用概率分布(81.3%)"、"寿命表法与生存分析"(76.9%)和"定量/定性变量统计描述"(71.3%).研究生对统计学内容为理解及以上的为 94 人(58.8%),对教学满意度为满意及以上的有 135人(84.4%);多因素分析显示,常常阅读相关课外书(OR=4.155,95%CI:1.919～8.993)、认为课时应增加(OR=0.395,95%CI:0.192～0.816)和授课评价8 分及以上(OR=0.395,95%CI:0.192～0.816)与统计教学理解程度相关;常常阅读相关课外书(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.338～8.24)、认为课时应增加(OR=3.391,95%CI:1.431～8.034)、授课评价 8 分以上(OR=4.262,95%CI:1.427～12.73)、是否统招(OR=0.293,95%CI:0.096～0.892)和对教学内容感兴趣(OR=3.14,95%CI:1.453～6.783)与授课满意度相关.结论 应针对不同的研究生特点并结合军校医学研究生实际需求开展医学统计学教学.

目的:了解非正式照护者负担现状,探索影响照护者负担的危险因素.方法:解放军采用自填问卷对129名非正式照护者进行调查.采用logistic回归初步分析非正式照护者的压力、担心与健康的影响因素.结果:93(72.1％)人有照护经历,女性非正式照护者占比76.0％.非正式照护者多为被照护者的子女(30.2％),被照护者平均年龄为(64±30)岁,其失能平均分为(3±2)分,失智平均分为(3±3)分.被照护原因首位为单纯躯体疾病(21.7％),女性非正式照护者照护的人群失能程度更高.非正式照护者为老年人、已婚与照护者自觉压力、担心与健康情况均有关联.结论:已婚、照护65岁以上老人是非正式照护者负担的危险因素,应给予重点关注.

目的 探讨同型半胱氨酸和血糖联合检测与脑卒中患病风险的相关性,为脑卒中的早期防治提供循证依据.方法 采用回顾性调查研究方法,选择2007年1 月至2012年12月解放军总医院确诊的1364例脑卒中住院患者为观察组,按年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)进行1:1 配对选择同期在本院住院治疗的1364例单纯腰椎间盘突患者为对照组.通过医疗记录收集2组患者的年龄、性别、病史、家族病史、身高、体质量、血压、血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、同型半胱氨酸和空腹血糖水平等临床特征资料.采用配对χ2 检验(McNemar检验)、连续变量的配对t检验和Wilcoxon配对符号秩和检验等比较2 组患者各类指标的差异,采用配对logistic回归模型分析方法分析脑卒中患病风险因素.结果 观察组与对照组患者的年龄、性别、BMI及高脂血症家族史比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),观察组患者中吸烟、饮酒者占比和有高血压、脑卒中、冠状动脉性心脏病(CAHD)、糖尿病等家族史者占比、有高血压、脑卒中、CAHD、高脂血症、糖尿病既往史者占比以及目前有高血压、血脂异常、血糖以及同型半胱氨酸水平增高者占比均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).调整吸烟情况、饮酒史、家族史(高血压、脑卒中、CAHD、高脂血症、糖尿病)、既往史(高血压、脑卒中、CAHD、高脂血症、糖尿病)、是否患有高血压以及血脂异常因素后,空腹血糖水平增高、同型半胱氨酸水平增高与脑卒中的发生相关(P＜0.05).与血糖正常的患者相比较,高血糖患者发生脑卒中的风险增加74.7％(P＜0.05);与正常水平同型半胱氨酸患者相比较,高同型半胱氨酸患者发生脑卒中的风险增加47.4％(P＜0.05).调整吸烟情况、饮酒史、家族史(高血压、脑卒中、CAHD、高脂血症、糖尿病)、既往史(高血压、脑卒中、CAHD、高脂血症、糖尿病)、是否患有高血压以及血脂异常因素后,空腹血糖增高、同型半胱氨酸增高以及空腹血糖和同型半胱氨酸均增高是发生脑卒中的危险风险(P＜0.05).与同型半胱氨酸和空腹血糖水平均正常的患者相比较,仅同型半胱氨酸增高的患者、仅空腹血糖增高的患者发生脑卒中的风险分别增加108.1％(P＜0.05)和66.0％(P＜0.05),高同型半胱氨酸伴高血糖的患者发生脑卒中的风险增加113.7％(P＜0.05).结论 高同型半胱氨酸和高血糖可能对脑卒中患者具有正向协同作用,高空腹血糖伴高同型半胱氨酸显著增加脑卒中的患病风险.临床防治过程中应控制血糖和同型半胱氨酸水平,以降低脑卒中的发生风险.

目的 明确某部救援人员创伤后应激障碍(Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders,PTSD)的筛查阳性率及相关危险因素,建立早期筛查模型,为早期识别PTSD提供筛查工具.方法 采取整群抽样方式,对某部全体救援人员社会人口学、行为学和心理学相关因素进行横断面调查,运用Logistic回归分析相关因素,构建早期筛查模型并绘制诊断试验ROC曲线,与创伤后应激障碍检查表(PCL-5)及联合诊断模型进行比较.结果 该部救援人员PTSD筛查阳性率为0.66％,心情低落沮丧或绝望(OR:6.565,95％CI:2.505～17.209,P=0.000)、失眠(OR:25.823,95％CI:2.505～17.209,P=0.002)和入伍时间(OR:2.196,95％CI:1.090～4.423,P=0.028)可显著预测PTSD筛查阳性.分别使用PCL-5量表和筛查模型进行检验发现AUC及95％CI分别为0.898(0.878～0.916)和0.968(0.954～0.977),联合诊断AUC及95％CI为0.987(0.979～0.993).结论 该部救援人员筛查PTSD阳性可能与心情低落沮丧或绝望、失眠和入伍时间相关.应围绕睡眠和心理教育进行健康管理.

目的 调查分析2010—2019年空军某部新兵心理健康状况及相关风险因素,为科学训练提供理论依据.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)于2010—2019年对空军某部进行调查,将新兵调查结果与入伍一年以上人员、中国成人常模和新兵常模比较.结果 新兵躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、其他、总分、总均分大于入伍一年以上人员.新兵强迫症状、人际关系敏感、总分、阳性项目数均小于中国新兵常模.新兵躯体化因子分大于全国同龄男性常模,强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执、阳性项目数、精神病性因子分小于全国同龄男性常模.调查发现,一年兵各项因子分比新兵略有升高,但随着入伍时间延长,调查人员各项因子分又呈现下降趋势,心理状况较入伍新兵有一定改善.结论 新兵强迫症状、人际关系敏感和躯体化症状明显,科学训练,有针对性加强新兵心理疏导工作效果更好.

Objective To determine the factors influencing insomnia and construct early insomnia warning tools for rescuers to informbest practices for early screening and intervention. Methods Cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 1,133 rescuers from one unit in Beijing, China. Logistic regression modeling and R software were used to analyze insomnia-related factors and construct a PRISM model, respectively. Results The positive rate of insomnia among rescuers was 2.74%. Accounting for participants' age, education, systolic pressure, smoking, per capita family monthly income, psychological resilience, and cognitive emotion regulation, logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with families with an average monthly income less than 3,000 yuan, the odds ratio ( OR) values and the [95% confidence interval ( CI)] for participants of the following categories were as follows: average monthly family income greater than 5,000 yuan: 2.998 (1.307-6.879), smoking: 4.124 (1.954-8.706), and psychological resilience: 0.960 (0.933-0.988). The ROC curve area of the PRISM model (AUC) = 0.7650, specificity = 0.7169, and sensitivity = 0.7419. Conclusion Insomnia was related to the participants' per capita family monthly income, smoking habits, and psychological resilience on rescue workers. The PRISM model's good diagnostic value advises its use to screen rescuer early sleep quality. Further, advisable interventions to optimize sleep quality and battle effectiveness include psychological resilience training and smoking cessation.

目的 调查某部1324名救援人员认知情绪调节策略及抑郁自评结果 ,探索认知情绪调节策略与抑郁的预测模型.方法 采取整群抽样方式,现场调查某部救援人员共1324名,采用患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、认知情绪调节量表(CERQ)进行调查.运用二元logistic回归分析建立抑郁筛查预测模型.结果 某部救援人员抑郁筛查阳性率为11.3％,筛出抑郁状态150名.Logistic回归分析结果 显示,灾难化(P=0.000)、积极重新评价(P=0.001)、接受(P=0.000)三种认知情绪调节策略可显著预测抑郁筛查阳性,OR及95％CI分别为:1.509(1.348～1.689)、1.197(1.079～1.329)及0.817(0.739～0.903).灾难化、接受与抑郁情绪呈正相关.结论 灾难化、接受、积极重新评价这三种认知情绪调节策略对该部救援人员抑郁自评结果 有预测作用.

目的 通过对此次新冠肺炎疫情防疫保障对象特点的梳理与防控措施的剖析,为进一步完善门诊部疫情防控体系和突发公共卫生事件应对策略提供参考.方法 分析保障对象特点、梳理疫情防控要点,对门诊部新冠肺炎疫情防控工作进行阶段性总结.结果 (1)强化预防理念,周密部署新冠肺炎防控工作;(2)关口前移,疫情期间抓好主导措施落实;(3)科学应对,高效处置突发情况.结论 靠前站位,树立"大卫生"观念,守土有责、守土尽责,筑牢群防群控防线才能取得疫情防控效果.

目的 调查陆军某部1 324例救援人员抑郁水平和相关影响因素,提供该部人员早期预警模型和循证依据.方法 于2018年11月采取整群抽样方式,对某部全体救援人员进行健康问卷抑郁量表(Patient Health Questionnaire 9,PHQ9)的横断面调查,运用logistic回归分析抑郁自评阳性的相关因素.结果 该部救援人员均为男性,平均年龄20.54±1.86岁,PHQ9自评抑郁阳性率为10.3％(137/1 324),logistic回归分析结果显示:吸烟年数(0R=1.261;95％ CI:1.006～1.582)、家族史(OR=4.263;95％ CI:1.567～ 11.600)、失眠(OR=5.154;95％ CI:1.470 ～ 18.072)是抑郁自评阳性的影响因素(P均＜0.05).结论 该部救援人员抑郁自评阳性可能与吸烟年数、家族史和失眠有关,应针对这些因素进行早期预防和管理,避免因抑郁状态造成的非战斗减员.

<正> 糖尿病肾病的分期与低蛋白饮食慢性肾脏病(CKD)的定义及分期:慢性肾脏病是指肾脏损伤(血、尿成分异常或影像学检查异常,或病理学检查异常)或肾小球滤过率(GFR)<60ml/(min·1.73m~2)持续3个月,有或无GFR异常时可诊断为慢性肾脏衰竭。糖尿病肾病(DN)分为5期,代偿期(1期)为GFR>90ml/(min·1.73m~2),肾功能不全代偿期(2期)为GFR 60～89ml/(min·1.73m~2),肾功能不