Context: In our previous study, we identified TaPHT1;9-4B as a critical high-affinity phosphate (Pi) transporter that plays a significant role in Pi acquisition and transport. Subsequently, we developed the functional marker CAPS-799 to facilitate the identification of its Pi-efficient elite haplotype. Objective: This study aimed to screen a variety of wheat cultivars using the CAPS-799 marker to identify those exhibiting Pi-efficient elite haplotypes. Additionally, we sought to elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying these traits through both field and hydroponic experiments. Methods: Field experiments over two successive years without phosphorus (P) fertilizer, along with a hydroponic experiment using low Pi (10 mu M) were conducted. P concentration, biomass, grain yield, yield components, root growth parameters, and transcript levels of TaPHT1;9-4B were measured. Total P accumulation, P transport and utilization efficiency, and relative parameters were also calculated. Results: Eight Pi-efficient wheat cultivars with the Hap3 haplotype were identified using CAPS-799 from a group of 80 modern major cultivars. In two-year field experiments without P fertilizer, these Hap3 cultivars exhibited significantly higher grain yield, spike number, P uptake, and transport efficiency compared to Non-Hap3 haplotypes (Hap1, Hap2, and Hap4). As a result, these eight cultivars were classified as Pi-efficient elite haplotypes. In field experiments, TaPHT1;9-4B transcript levels in the roots during the early grain-filling stage, as well as root surface area, volume, and mean root diameter in hydroponic experiments, were significantly greater in Hap3 cultivars than in Non-Hap3 cultivars. Conclusions: Our field and hydroponic experiments demonstrated that CAPS-799 is a valuable functional marker for identifying Pi-efficient wheat cultivars. These Pi-efficient cultivars were characterized by higher TaPHT1;9-4B transcript levels and increased root growth. Implications: CAPS-799 can be used to screen or develop Pi-efficient wheat cultivars.

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency is one of the major constraints on wheat growth and development. Identifying the genes conferring Pi efficiency is crucial for improving phosphorus (P) efficiency. Our previous studies showed that TaPHT1;9 is a high-affinity Pi transporter that functions in Pi absorption and transport in wheat seedlings under hydroponic conditions. However, its functions need to be evaluated in complex soil environments. In this study, we aimed to explore its role under soil conditions and reveal its potential for use in the breeding of Pi-efficient wheat cultivars. CRISPR-edited TaPHT1;9 wheat mutants and TaPHT1;9 ectopic expression transgenic rice plants were cultivated in soils with different Pi supply treatments. The grain yield, biomass, P concentration and P utilization efficiency (PUE) were measured and calculated. CRISPR-edited homozygous TaPHT1;9-A/B/D wheat mutants were screened and identified. Under low Pi supplies (0 and 5 mg kg−1 P/pot), the grain yields, P accumulations and PUEs were significantly lower than those in the wild-type (WT) control, and the reduced yields were primarily attributed to the decreases in both grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight. The TaPHT1;9-ectopic expression transgenic rice plants exhibited the opposite results, and their grain yields, P accumulations and PUEs were significantly greater than those of the WT plants under insufficient Pi supply conditions. TaPHT1;9 plays a vital role in Pi utilization under soil conditions; thus, it is considered a candidate target gene for improving crop PUE.

Context In our previous study, TaPHT1;9-4B , one key high-affinity Pi transporter, was found to greatly contribute to Pi acquisition and transportation, and its functional marker CAPS-799 was subsequently developed to identify its Pi-efficient elite haplotype.Objective The study aimed to screen a varieties of wheat cultivars by using the above CAPS-799, identify its Pi-efficient elite haplotype cultivars, and reveal its physiological mechanism.Methods Successive two-year field experiments without Pi fertilizer supply, and hydroponic experiment with low Pi (10 μM) were performed. P concentrations, biomasses, grain yields, yield components, root growth parameters, and TaPHT1;9-4B transcript levels were measured. Total P accumulation and transport efficiency, and the relative growth rates were calculated.Results Eight Pi-efficient wheat cultivars ( Hap3 haplotype) were screened out by using the CAPS-799 from 80 modern major cultivars, and in successive two-year field experiments, their grain yields, spike numbers, P absorption and transport efficiencies were significantly higher than those of No n- Hap3 haplotypes ( Hap1, 2 and 4 ) under no Pi fertilizer supply condition, and therefore, these eight cultivars belonged to Pi-efficient elite haplotype. TaPHT1;9-4B transcript levels in roots at the early stage of grain filling period in field experiment, and the relative growth rates of total root surface areas, volumes and mean root diameters of Hap3 cultivars in hydroponic experiment, were markedly higher than other haplotypes.Conclusions CAPS-799 was a useful functional marker for screening Pi-efficient wheat cultivars, and its Pi-efficient wheat cultivars were characterized with higher TaPHT1;9-4B transcript levels and more roots.Implications CAPS-799 will be used to screen or develop Pi-efficient wheat cultivars.### Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.

Eleven wheat varieties（lines）from the Huang-Huai wheat region were treated with normal and phosphorus deficiency in hydroponic and pond soil culture experiments. The low phosphorus tolerance coefficients of 15 indicators（plant height,total root length per plant,biomass and phosphorus concentration in various tissues,etc.）at seedling stage and 9 indicators（plant height,aboveground dry weight,grain yield per plant,etc.）at maturity stage were analyzed. Further,the principal component analysis and membership function method were used to comprehensively evaluate the low phosphorus tolerance of wheat varieties（lines）,and cluster analysis was conducted;the gray correlation degree analysis was used to analyze the correlation strength between the low phosphorus tolerance coefficient and the comprehensive evaluation value of low phosphorus tolerance for screening representative evaluation indicators for low phosphorus tolerance,so as to provide screening basis and germplasm resources for the study of wheat tolerance to low phosphorus and the breeding of wheat varieties with high phosphorus efficiency. The results showed that there was correlation among the low phosphorus tolerance coefficients of indicators at seedling stage,indicating that there was information overlap in the indicators used to evaluate wheat low phosphorus tolerance. Principal component analysis transformed 15 indicators at seedling stage into 4 independent comprehensive indicators. By calculating the membership function value of the comprehensive indicators,the comprehensive evaluation value of low phosphoru tolerance was obtained. The low phosphorus tolerance order of varieties（lines）at seedling stage was Xinmai 67＞Aikang 58＞Bainong 607＞Yunong 908＞Jimai 22＞Zhoumai 18＞Xinhuamai 818＞Tianmai 189＞Fengdecunmai 5＞Annong 188＞Annong 203. Similarly,principal component analysis transformed 9indicators of wheat at maturity stage into 3 independent comprehensive indicators,and obtained the comprehensive evaluation value of low phosphorus tolerance at maturity stage. The low phosphorus tolerance order of wheat varieties（lines）at maturity was Xinmai 67＞Jimai 22＞Annong 203＞Xinhuamai818＞Aikang 58＞Annong 188＞Fengde cunmai 5＞Yunong 908＞Zhoumai 18＞Bainong 607＞Tianmai 189.Combined the comprehensive performance of each variety（line）at seedling stage and maturity stage,by cluster analysis,the 11 wheat varieties（lines）were divided into three types:low phosphorus tolerant（Xinmai 67,Jimai 22 and Aikang 58）,slightly low phosphorus tolerant（Yunong 908,Xinhuamai 818,Bainong 607 and Zhoumai 18）and low phosphorus sensitive（Fengdecunmai 5,Annong 188,Annong 203and Tianmai 189）. Through gray correlation analysis,the low phosphorus tolerance coefficient of phosphorus concentration and accumulation in root,total root length per plant at seedling stage,and the phosphorus harvest index,dry weight of straw and dry aboveground weight at maturity stage were closely related to the comprehensive evaluation value of low phosphorus tolerance,indicating that these six indicators could be regarded as the representative evaluation indexes of wheat low phosphorus tolerance.

Arsenate (AsV) is one of the most common forms of arsenic (As) in environment and plant high-affinity phosphate transporters (PHT1s) are the primary plant AsV transporters. However, few PHT1s involved in AsV absorption have been identified in crops. In our previous study, TaPHT1;3, TaPHT1;6 and TaPHT1;9 were identified to function in phosphate absorption. Here, their AsV absorption capacities were evaluated using several experiments. Ectopic expression in yeast mutants indicated that TaPHT1;9 had the highest AsV absorption rates, followed by TaPHT1;6, while not for TaPHT1;3. Under AsV stress, further, BSMV-VIGS-mediated TaPHT1;9-silencing wheat plants exhibited higher AsV tolerance and lower As concentrations than TaPHT1;6-silenced plants, whereas TaPHT1;3-silencing plants had similar phenotype and AsV concentrations to control. These suggested that TaPHT1;9 and TaPHT1;6 possessed AsV absorption capacity with the former showing higher activities. Under hydroponic condition, furthermore, CRISPR-edited TaPHT1;9 wheat mutants showed the enhanced tolerance to AsV with decreased As distributions and concentrations, whereas TaPHT1;9 ectopic expression transgenic rice plants had the opposite results. Also, under AsV-contaminated soil condition, TaPHT1;9 transgenic rice plants exhibited depressed AsV tolerance with increased As concentrations in roots, straws and grains. Moreover, Pi addition alleviated the AsV toxicity. These suggested that TaPHT1;9 should be a candidate target gene for AsV phytoremediation.

为研究健康幼龄比格犬肠道菌群结构,并进一步开展犬的肠道菌群调整试验奠定基础,本试验收集15只3月龄健康比格犬粪便,通过16SrRNA基因组测序分析肠道菌群在门、纲、目、科、属水平上的相对丰度.结果显示,比格犬肠道菌群在门水平上有6个门,相对丰度为厚壁菌门50.63％、梭杆菌门21.23％、拟杆菌门19.88％、放线菌门5.38％、变形菌门2.86％和脱铁杆菌门0.01％;在纲水平上主要有9个纲,相对丰度为梭杆菌纲29.42％、梭菌纲21.23％、拟杆菌纲19.88％、丹毒菌纲16.75％、杆菌纲4.45％、棒状杆菌纲3.89％、β-变形菌纲1.83％、放线菌纲1.49％和γ-变形杆菌纲1.01％;在目水平上主要有9个目,相对丰度为梭菌目29.42％、梭杆菌目21.23％、拟杆菌目19.88％、丹毒丝菌目16.75％、乳杆菌目4.39％、红蝽杆菌目3.89％、伯克氏菌目1.83％、双歧杆菌目1.48％和肠杆菌目0.90％;在科水平上主要有19个科,其中相对丰度前10位的分别是梭杆菌科21.23％、丹毒丝菌科16.75％、瘤胃球菌科11.99％、帕拉普氏菌科8.36％、韦荣氏球菌科7.03％、毛螺菌科6.25％、普雷沃氏菌科5.46％、S24-7科4.43％、红蝽杆菌科3.89％和乳杆菌科3.48％;在属水平上主要有30个属,其中相对丰度前10位的分别是梭杆菌属18.07％、别样棒菌属14.00％、普氏菌属13.14％、考拉杆菌属4.08％、乳杆菌属3.48％、柯林斯氏菌属2.81％、粪杆菌属2.71％、醋酸杆菌属2.22％、巨单胞菌属2.08％和劳特氏菌属2.00％.结果表明,3月龄健康比格犬已建立较为复杂的肠道菌群结构,能够用于肠道菌群调整相关试验.

麻醉是利用药物或其他的方法改变或抑制神经、体液的活动,从而达到消除痛觉目的,为手术治疗或检查治疗提供条件.做好动物实验的前提和关键是持续而有效的麻醉效果,目前实验动物的麻醉较常使用的是药物麻醉,按照作用药物的种类可将麻醉分为注射式麻醉和吸入式麻醉.理想的麻醉剂应当具有易于操作、提供快速和充足的麻醉维持、没有副作用、可以逆转以及对动物和操作人员无害等特点.但是,这样的麻醉剂比较稀少,因此最佳的麻醉选择也需要根据不同实验的需求来确定.

发展性资助育人是新时代高职院校帮扶家庭经济困难学生的一种新理念和新路径,将家庭经济困难学生从入校到就业的帮扶定位于学生的"解困—成人—成才"三个关联递进维度,将"扶困、扶德、扶志、扶智、扶能"作为资助育人工作内容,通过营造资助对象发展氛围环境,激发资助对象发展活力;找准资助对象情感心理结点,疏通资助对象发展障碍;紧扣资助对象专业本位发展,促进资助对象职业素养提升;制定"一人一策"帮扶方案,促进资助对象的个性化发展;通过构建资助育人综合实践体系,形成资助育人系统合力等举措,促进资助对象的全面发展,为高职院校资助育人工作的有效实施提供案例借鉴和参考.

一、调教犬扑人行为的方法概述 (一)厌恶刺激法 厌恶刺激法是指在犬扑人时,训练者施予厌恶刺激,通过厌恶刺激与扑人行为关联,使扑人行为减弱甚至消失.由于类似于日常生活中"犯错误要受惩罚"的普遍逻辑认知,厌恶刺激法成为广大初学者首先尝试的方法.该方法在使用时需要把握刺激的强度,强度过大容易破坏人与犬的亲和,强度不足可能会让犬误以为成功获得主人的关注,从而反向增强犬的扑人行为.即使经验丰富的训练师能够准确把握厌恶刺激的强度,也有可能会引起犬主的不满;此外,该方法不应与厌恶刺激施予者相关联,否则犬在厌恶刺激施予者在场时不会出现扑人行为,但在施予者不在场时可能会出现扑人行为;最后,厌恶刺激施予的时间点必须把握准确,应在扑人行为发生的那一刻施予,超前或滞后施予厌恶刺激可能会让犬建立非目标性联系.因此,对于经验不够丰富的训练师来说要慎用该方法,即使经验丰富的训练师也要提前与犬主进行沟通.

高职院校资助育人工作关乎教育公平与社会公平等核心问题.资助育人实践涉及家庭经济困难学生的科学认定、合理资助、学生全面培养等环节.系统分析家庭经济困难学生认定及资助育人实践中存在的问题,并提出解决策略.进一步提出加强顶层设计做好保障型资助与发展型资助的互动,把好资助源头奠定精准认定、精准资助基础,实施分层资助推进国家资助政策科学落实,打造育人体系实施"三全育人"促进全面发展,完善评价体系推动资助育人工作成效落实的对策,以期提高认定精准性与资助育人针对性,提高资助育人成效,促进教育公平发展.

通过对"双高计划"计划建设高职院校的师生开展在线开放课程教学质量影响因素调研分析,明晰了师生对在线开放课程建设与应用涉及的任课教师、选课学生、教学资源、网络环境、课程平台、学习工具、支持政策等诸多因素对在线开放课程教学质量影响的认知,建议加强政府引导支持,规范公共服务平台管理,优化在线开放课程发展顶层设计;院校发挥主体作用,提升课程建设应用环境,夯实在线开放课程发展内部保证;制定课程建设规划,建立应用共享机制,明确在线开放课程建设与应用定位;创新课程团队建设,重视教学诊断与改进,提升在线开放课程教学运行质量;系统打造资源链条,合理设计资源类型,提升在线开放课程建设与应用质量.

为了评价从发酵泡菜中分离得到的植物乳杆菌LR-39对犬的促生长、肠道菌群调节作用,并明确其遗传背景,选取10只3.5月龄的比格犬,分为对照组与试验组,对照组饲喂基础犬粮,试验组在每日饲喂基础犬粮基础上补饲1×109 cfu LR-39,试验期28 d.试验结束时,测定并比较各组平均日增质量、料重比及营养物质消化率等指标差异;对犬肠道菌群进行高通量测序,比较肠道菌群在门、种水平上的相对丰度及特征微生物差异;采用PICRUSt技术,解析并比较肠道微生物功能基因的表达水平差异;对LR-39进行全基因组序列测序,绘制该菌株全基因草图并进行序列COG及CAZy注释分析.结果显示,试验组平均日增质量极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙的消化率显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,料重比显著(P<0.05)低于对照组.在门水平上,试验组梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)(P<0.05)相对丰度显著高于对照组,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度显著(P<0.05)低于对照组;效应大小线性判别分析(LEfSe)结果显示,试验组肠道菌群特征菌属是梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium),而对照组特征菌属分别是丹毒丝菌属(Bulleidia)、 链型杆菌属(Catenibacterium)、真杆菌属(Eubacterium)、布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)、粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium);在种水平上,试验组瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)相对丰度极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组.肠道功能基因差异分析表明,试验组细胞内运输、细胞外结构基因表达相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),次级代谢物基因表达相对丰度显著(P<0.05)低于对照组.全基因组测序结果显示,LR-39菌株全长247554 bp,无质粒,GC含量为44.26％,碳水化合物代谢相关基因丰度最高,氨基酸代谢相关基因其次,而脂代谢相关基因较低,具有一定比例拮抗机制相关基因,酶系主要包括糖苷水解酶、糖基转移酶、碳水化合物酯酶、碳水化合物结合分子、辅助性酶类.综上,LR-39能够促进犬的生长,改变犬肠道菌群结构,调节肠道菌群功能基因表达,具有开发益生菌产品的潜质.

犬的灵敏嗅觉是其开展嗅觉作业的基础,在嗅觉作业中如搜毒、搜爆、检疫科目训练,涉及气味联系、气味分化、信号植入、示警方式等内容.气味联系、气味分化是犬嗅觉作业训练的重点环节,其效率直接决定了科目训练的整体效率.同时,在日常学习过程中发现,利用网球感染、气味棒装填实物建立犬的气味联系、气味分化、信号植入的方法,学生较难理解,训练步骤烦琐、多人同时操作场面较为混乱,影响学习效果.针对上述问题,兴趣小组在分析网球感染、气味棒装填实物训练存在的问题基础上,针对性开发设计辅助工作犬嗅觉作业训练工具——嗅闻墙,并构建基于嗅闻墙的训练方法.嗅闻墙的核心设计是墙体规则分布较多且具有一定间距的气味散发孔,通过双面卡盘内外螺纹管与能够自由拆卸的载物瓶相连,实现对犬的嗅闻行为高频强化,解决气味残留对再次训练造成的干扰.基于嗅闻墙构建的工作犬嗅觉作业训练方法,大体上包括四步:诱导并增强嗅闻气味散发孔行为、增强犬嗅闻目标嗅闻物的行为、示警反应训练、手势或口令信号植入.

本试验旨在比较被膜态与浮游态植物乳杆菌LR-39对比格犬血清免疫指标及肠道菌群结构的影响.制备被膜态与浮游态植物乳杆菌LR-39,采用平板计数法比较不同生物状态的植物乳杆菌LR-39经酸、胆盐环境处理后的存活率.选取15只3.5月龄比格犬,随机分为被膜组、浮游组及对照组3个组,每组5只.被膜组、浮游组每日早上采食犬粮后分别灌饲被膜态与浮游态植物乳杆菌LR-39菌液1 mL(1×109 CFU/mL),对照组灌饲等体积磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS),连续灌饲28 d.检测血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,并对肠道菌群进行16S rDNA高通量测序分析.结果表明:1)经酸性和胆盐环境处理后,被膜态植物乳杆菌LR-39存活率显著或极显著高于浮游态植物乳杆菌LR-39(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).2)与对照组相比,被膜组血清IgG和sIgA含量极显著提高(P＜0.01);与浮游组相比,被膜组血清sIgA含量极显著提高(P＜0.01),血清IL-6含量有降低趋势(0.05≤P＜0.10);与对照组相比,浮游组血清IgG、sIgA、IL-6、TNF-α含量无显著差异(P＞0.05).3)α多样性分析显示,与对照组相比,被膜组和浮游组Observed species指数、Chao指数、Ace指数均升高,被膜组Shannon指数升高,Simpson指数下降;浮游组Shannon指数下降,Simpson指数升高.主坐标分析(PCoA)结果显示,3组样本间有明显聚类现象.4)在门水平上,与对照组相比,被膜组肠道厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度升高,肠道拟杆菌门(Bacte-roidetes)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度降低;浮游组肠道Bacteroidetes、Fusobacteria相对丰度升高,Firmicutes、Actinobacteria相对丰度降低.5)在属水平上,与对照组相比,被膜组肠道双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、乳杆菌属(Lac-tobacillus)、Allobaculum、消化链球菌属(Peptostreptococcus)相对丰度升高;浮游组肠道Lactoba-cillus、Peptostreptococcus、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)、普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)、萨特氏菌属(Sut-terella)相对丰度升高.6)LEfSe分析表明,被膜组优势菌属是Lactobacillus,浮游组优势菌属是Fusobacterium,对照组优势菌属包括柯林斯氏菌属(Collinsella)、链型杆菌属(Catenibacterium)、真杆菌属(Eubacterium).7)Spearman相关性分析显示,血清IgG、sIgA、IL-6、TNF-α含量与肠道富集菌群相对丰度无显著相关性(P＞0.05).由此可见,被膜态与浮游态植物乳杆菌LR-39对犬肠道菌群结构影响不同,被膜态植物乳杆菌LR-39具有更强的耐酸及胆盐能力,可有效调整肠道菌群结构并能提高机体免疫水平.

当前,高职院校贫困生资助工作已从以物质保障为主的"保障性资助"向以物质保障为基础、促进学生全面发展为主的"发展性资助"转变.发展性资助育人符合学生内在需求提升规律,也是专业人才培养目标达成的重要手段.构建"扶困、扶德、扶志、扶智、扶能"五扶并举的资助育人实践架构和绩效评价为保障机制的"五扶一评"发展性资助育人实践体系,可将"资助"与"育人"全面结合,提高工作的亲和力和针对性,促进学生全面和可持续发展.

混合式教学是信息化技术与教育教学深度融合的教学模式,把传统教学方式的优势和网络化教学的优势结合起来,既发挥教师引导、启发、监控教学过程的主导作用,又充分体现学生作为学习过程主体的主动性、积极性与创造性[1].该教学模式依赖于一定的教学支持平台,成熟的教学平台是保证混合式教学效果的重要因素[2].教育部自2011年启动职业教育国家专业教学资源库建设,建成海量碎片化数字教学资源.为了提高国家教学资源库资源使用率与更新率,高等教育出版社推出了职教云辅助教学平台,衔接教学资源库与课堂教学,可使用资源库资源与本地资源建课教学,自建课程可边建边用,支持翻转课堂、线上线下混合式教学模式,提供较好的个性化在线教学支持服务.

为了评估在幼犬护理中行为塑造方法对犬的行为及从业人员安全的影响,试验从幼犬基础护理3方面(洗澡、 烘干、剪指甲)作为切入点开展,试验组与对照组各选取60只符合试验要求的幼犬,分别观察分析在不同护理方法处理后的行为表现.结果显示:在能否从容面对护理方面,试验组有98.4％的幼犬能从容面对护理,对照组仅有30％的幼犬能从容面对护理;在护理中犬攻击美容师方面,试验组在每3个月为一阶段的连续4个阶段中发生攻击美容师的次数分别为27次、6次、6次、5次,发生次数较少且呈下降趋势,对照组发生攻击美容师的次数分别为63次、85次、105次、141次,发生次数较多且呈上升趋势,表明在宠物护理与美容中使用恰当的驯导方法能塑造犬的良好行为,有效降低从业人员被犬攻击的风险.

宠物解剖课程是高职宠物医学的一门基础课程,是宠物医学课程体系的重要组成部分.加大对宠物解剖教学的力度,贯彻"以能力为本位、以岗位为目标、以就业为方向"的职业教育理论.积极与企业合作,针对解剖这门课程的特征,以实践为主,理论为辅.积极开发学生好潜能,激发学生的兴趣,锻炼学生的创造能力,丰富他们的理论知识,培养学生的团队协作精神,提高学生的人才培养质量,最终使学生能刚好的服务于社会,适应社会.

高职院校是培养人才的地方,《动物微生物》是高职院校畜牧兽医专业必修的一门专业基础课,为学生今后进入社会打下坚实的基础,对微生物课教学模式要不断进行探索和改革,从而适应社会对人才的需求.提高教学质量和效果,优化教学内容,激发学生学习兴趣,建立网络学习课程和考核方法,重视实训教学,加强学生技能训练.从而为学生进入工作岗位做好准备.

Objective Cisplatin(DDP)is widely used in the chemotherapy of lung cancer. However, cisplatin resistance represents a major obstacle in its effective treatment. Our preliminary work has demonstrated that inactivated Sendai virus(HVJ-E)shows that it induces apoptosis in murine melanoma cells(B16)and obviously inhibites the tumor growth in tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice. This study aims to investigate whether inactivated HVJ-E has an effect of inducing apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods HVJ-E and A549/DDP cells were co-cultured in vitro,and the effect of HVJ-E on the apoptosis in A549/DDP cells was detected by flow cytometry. In addition,HVJ-E was injected into the tumor in vivo, and its oncolytic effect was observed by TUNEL assay of tissue sections and measurement of tumor size. Results After co-cultured with HVJ-E for 12 h,24 h and 36 h, the apoptosis rate of A549/DDP cells in late stage detected by flow cytometry was 7.7%, 12.6% and 18.9%,respectively,showing a significant difference between 12 h and 24 h, and between 24 h and 36 h. TUNEL assay showed that there was more apoptosis in tumor cells in vivo in the experimental group than in the control group. Meanwhile, intratumoral injection of HVJ-E induced a significantly smaller tumor volume in the experimental group compared with the control group(P ﹤ 0.05). Conclusions Our findings indicate that inactivated HVJ-E can induce apoptosis in A549/DDP cells both in vitro and in vivo, and intratumoral injection of inactivated Sendai virus significantly reduces the tumor growth in vivo.