目的:采用网络药理学的方法预测三棱-莪术药对治疗子宫内膜异位症(EMT)的主要活性成分、靶点及信号通路,探讨其作用机制.方法:通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)检索三棱-莪术药对的中药化学成分,以口服生物利用度(OB)≥30％、类药性(DL)≥0.18为阈值筛选潜在的活性化合物;通过TCMSP查询活性化合物对应的靶标;运用GeneCards和人类孟德尔遗传数据库(OMIM)预测疾病靶点;利用韦恩图找到活性成分靶点和疾病靶点的交集靶点;使用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件构建疾病-药物-有效成分-靶点蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络;采用String在线数据库和Cyto-scape软件绘制交集靶点PPI网络;最后借助R软件和Bioconductor生物信息软件包进行基因本体(GO)功能富集分析及京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析,并使用Cytoscape软件绘制靶点-信号通路网络图.结果:筛选得到三棱-莪术活性成分8个,对应靶点77个,EMT相关靶点1600个,交集靶点34个.GO功能富集分析结果显示三棱-莪术药对可影响1054个生物学过程、22个细胞组分和65个分子功能.KEGG通路富集分析得到91条通路,三棱-莪术药对治疗EMT主要与雌激素信号通路、IL-17信号通路、AGE-RAGE信号通路、甲状腺激素信号通路、P53信号通路等有关.结论:三棱-莪术药对治疗EMs具有多靶点、多途径、多通路的特点.

艾灸治未病是指在发病前或疾病先兆时期预先进行艾灸,达到预防疾病的目的,是中医"治未病"的重要手段.目前艾灸治未病的研究热点是心脑血管疾病、消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、妇科疾病、肿瘤及运动疲劳等疾病的预防与机制研究.本文收集了近年来国内外关于艾灸治未病的临床及实验研究,探讨艾灸治未病的研究进展,为后续研究提供参考.

与传统的线下课堂教学相比,线上教学给教师、学生及网络平台均带来了巨大挑战.本研究针对北京中医药大学2020年中医学实验班二年级120名本科生开展为期一学期的线上病理生理学教学,并从线上教学的挑战性、线上课堂的实施策略、教学问卷调查及学习成绩等方面总结了线上教学实践过程,形成了病理生理学线上教学的经验,为进一步提高医学课程的线上教学水平和医学生的人才培养质量提供参考借鉴.

目的:探讨黄芪甲苷联合葛根素对高糖诱导的H9c2细胞内质网应激及其凋亡相关因子的影响.方法:将对数生长期的H9c2细胞随机分为对照组、甘露醇对照组、高糖组、高糖+4-苯基丁酸(4-phenylbutyric acid,4-PBA)组、毒胡萝卜素(thapsigargin,TG)组、高糖+黄芪甲苷+葛根素组;CCK-8法检测H9c2细胞活力;Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白B淋巴细胞瘤2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)和Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax)表达.RT-qPCR及Western blot检测葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose-regulated protein 78,GRP78)、肌醇酶1α(inositol-re-quiring enzyme 1α,IRE1α)、调控X盒结合蛋白1(X-box binding protein 1,XBP1)、转录因子C/EBP同源蛋白(C/EBP homologous protein,CHOP)、p53上调凋亡调节因子(p53 up-regulate modulator of apoptosis,PUMA)mRNA和蛋白的表达.结果:与对照组相比,高糖组Bax/Bcl-2比值显著增加(P<0.01),高糖组和TG组GRP78、IRE1α、XBP1、CHOP和PUMA表达增加(P<0.05),4-PBA或黄芪甲苷联合葛根素均可降低高糖诱导的GRP78、IRE1α、XBP1、CHOP和PUMA的高表达和Bax/Bcl-2比值(P<0.05).结论:黄芪甲苷联合葛根素对高糖诱导的H9c2细胞内质网应激及凋亡相关因子有抑制作用.

多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)为临床上常见的生殖内分泌代谢性疾病,根据其临床表现,中医常将其归为闭经、月经后期、月经过少、不孕症等范畴.目前中医治疗PCOS思路多从肝、脾、肾的调理入手.郭志强教授根据多年临床经验提出应用"提壶揭盖"法从肺论治PCOS."提壶揭盖"法主要适用于PCOS中的两种实证:肺失宣降,痰湿内蕴;肺气闭郁,气滞血瘀."提壶揭盖"多为宣肺之法,临床多用辛味、发散之药,并常佐以健脾、养血之品顾护气血.

宫颈癌(CC)是目前世界范围内威胁女性生命健康的第四大癌症相关性疾病[1].我国每年新发CC病例超过50万,占全球报告新发病例数的25％[2].ERK信号转导通路是一类介导细胞反应的重要信号通路,通过将细胞外的刺激信号传递至细胞内,进一步磷酸化下游底物,在细胞分化、增殖过程中发挥重要作用,从而参与多种肿瘤性疾病的发生发展.在CC的相关研究中发现,ERK信号通路上相关蛋白表达异常,现就ERK信号通路与CC相关研究进行综述.

目的 系统分析妇科恶性肿瘤手术、放化疗后患者证型分布情况,总结常见证型,为促进中医辨证体系的规范化提供思路,同时也为以后的流行病学研究和中医药干预性试验提供研究基础.方法 检索近30年有关中医药治疗妇科恶性肿瘤手术、放化疗后患者的临床研究文献,对纳入的文献进行质量评价,并使用频数分布、分层聚类的统计方法归纳总结文献中的中医证型.结果 经过初步检索去重,得到617篇文献,再按照纳入、排除标准对文献进行筛选,最终共有17篇文献符合研究.17篇文献中出现的证型共32种,涉及病例数共1584例,证型出现频次1956次(部分病例所辨证型≥2个),将相关的证型合并后得到19种证型,将各证型所涉及的频次进行统计并计算其相应的构成比,得出频次比较高的证型有气虚证、阴虚证、湿热瘀毒证、血虚证、气血亏虚证、脾肾阳虚证,其累计构成比>60％.结论 根据文献研究数据统计结果,可以认为气虚证、阴虚证、湿热瘀毒证、肝肾阴虚证、脾肾阳虚证、血虚证、气滞血瘀证、气血亏虚证为妇科恶性肿瘤患者手术、放化疗后的常见证型.纳入的研究提供的基本资料相对较少,例如肿瘤的分期以及一些实验室指标,这使得我们难以进一步探究中医证型与一些客观参数之间的关系,而这些客观参数则有可能降低一些主观判断带来的误差.同时本研究所纳入的研究有一定的局限性,且缺乏相对规范的高质量、大样本、多中心的流行病学研究,存在潜在的发表偏倚.

目的 基于数据挖掘分析中医药治疗盆腔炎性疾病后遗症慢性盆腔痛(SPID-CPP)的证候分布及用药规律.方法 计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,时间均为建库至2019年10月1日,按照纳入、排除标准进行文献筛选,并摘录证候证素及中药处方信息建立数据库,采用SPSS Statistics 22.0及SPSS Modeler 18.0进行数据挖掘.结果 最终筛选出58篇文献,涉及16种中医证候,其中气虚血瘀、湿热瘀阻、气滞血瘀等为常见证候;证候要素分析:血瘀、气虚、湿为最常见的病性证素;病位主要在胞宫(胞脉、胞络)、冲任、肾3脏;共获取63首口服方剂,涉及中药86味,其中高频中药涵盖当归、赤芍、延胡索等35味,多属补虚药、活血化瘀药类药物,中药性味以温性及辛、甘、苦味为主,归经以肝、脾、肾最为常见,通过关联规则分析,常用药对为丹参-赤芍,川芎-当归,白芍-当归,常见的角药为川芎-延胡索-当归及丹参-当归-赤芍;通过聚类分析得出3个有效聚类群.结论 对中医药治疗SPID-CPP进行现代信息技术挖掘分析得出,血瘀为其最核心病机,临床用药以活血化瘀为主,调护时还应重视"肾-冲任-胞宫"三者之间的关系,同时基于关联规则及聚类分析发现药物配伍间存在较固定的规律,遣方用药时可供参考.

教学管理是高校教学工作的核心部分,日常工作由教务处下发至各学院教办,教学管理工作者负责协调沟通师生之间、部门之间的事务,同时还要兼顾中医药院校分层培养与临床结合的特点.本文着重叙述了教学管理的常规工作并进行分类总结,展示出新技术在管理工作中的应用,对管理工作的现状进行分析以求解决问题的有效策略,同时就如何更新管理观念,提高管理效率,完善管理制度,做好质量监控,更好地为教学服务做出探讨.

目的 探讨心肾同治法指导下所创密蒙花复方对糖尿病大鼠视网膜病变神经功能损伤的保护机制.方法 SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、密蒙花复方组.通过链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射诱导糖尿病大鼠模型.连续灌胃给药90 d,分别于第30、60、90天检测各组大鼠视网膜电生理指标,第90天时HE染色观察视网膜形态改变、TUNEL法检测视网膜神经节细胞凋亡及PCR、West-ern blot检测脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、视网膜睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)mRNA和蛋白表达.结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠视网膜电图振荡电位(OPs)波幅及b波波幅降低,视神经功能下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).模型组视网膜神经节细胞肿胀,排列紊乱,数目减少,BDNF和CNTF mRNA及蛋白表达下降.密蒙花复方组与模型组比较,OPs、b波波幅升高(P<0.01),视网膜神经节细胞凋亡数目减少,视网膜BDNF和CNTF mRNA及蛋白表达升高.结论 密蒙花复方可通过调节视网膜神经营养因子BDNF和CNTF表达水平对糖尿病大鼠视网膜病变神经功能损伤起到保护作用.

浮针在"患肌"适应证的理论下治疗非疼痛性疾病常收效显著.本文列举浮针治疗慢性支气管炎急性期发作、下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(无症状期)、压力性尿失禁3个验案,并以浮针医学的独特角度探析其诊病思路、治疗要点及作用机制.

"患肌"理论由浮针医学(Fu's subcutaneous needling,FSN)创始人符仲华教授所提出,是运动中枢正常情况下,放松状态时依旧处于紧张状态的肌肉[1],患肌经常引起邻近相关部位出现症状,也就是说,患肌往往才是引发疼痛的根源.

Objective To explore the anti-influenza virus effect of phenolic fraction ofMentha haplocalyx in vitro,and to establish the HPLC characteristic spectrum of phenolic fraction of M.haplocalyx for its quality evaluation.Methods MTT method was used to detect the inhibitory effect of phenolic fraction ofM.haplocalyx on influenza virus PR8 infecting MDCK cells in three ways,including adding drug firstly,adding drug and virus simultaneously and adding virus firstly.The characteristic spectrum of phenolic fraction samples of 12 batches ofM.haplocalyx was established by HPLC method.The similarity of which was analyzed with Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica (2.0 version).Results The phenolic fraction at 0.31-10 μg/mL showed antivirus PR8 actvities in different degrees under three adding drug ways.Phenolic fraction of M.haplocalyx at six dilution concentrations displayed obvious antivims PR8 effect under two adding drug ways including adding drug firstly and adding virus firstly,and virus inhibition rates of which were 14.17％-41.31％ and 45.64％-87.48％,respectively.Total of 11 peaks were chosen as the common characteristic peaks of spectrum with the similarity degrees more than 0.9 of 12 batches of samples,which illustrated that different batches of phenolic fraction of M.haplocalyx were of high similarity.Conclusion Phenolic fraction of M.haplocalyx had better antiviral effect in vitro.The characteristic spectrum method established in this paper was simple,stable and reproducible,which could reflect the whole profile of phenolic fraction ofM.haplocalyx and provide reference for quality control and efficacy stability of phenolic fraction of M.haplocalyx.

病理生理学作为基础医学与临床医学之间的桥梁学科,是医学生必修的一门医学基础理论课.病理生理学实验教学是病理生理学教学中重要的组成部分.中医院校开展病理生理学实验课程,是教学改革的趋势.本文就病理生理学实验课课时、运用多媒体技术、重视课后总结分析、加大学生独立完成的力度等方面进行探讨.

Objective To observe the impact and mechanism of Yiqi huayu jiedu formula on acute respiratory distress syndrome( ARDS) rats induced by endotoxin. Methods 30 SD rats were randomized control group, model group, YHJ high, middle, low dose group, 6 rats in each group. The ARDS model was established by tail vein injection with lipopolysaccharide. The treatment groups were given corresponding aqueous solution once a day. All groups were sacrificed 16 hours after modeling. Then the lung coefficient, the lung permeability index and the levels of NF-κB p50, IκBαand p38 were measured, and the pathological changes in lung tissues were observed. Results HE staining showed that Yiqi huayu jiedu formula could reduce pulmonary alveolar damage, pulmonary edema and inflammatory cells infiltration. The lung coefficient(P<0. 05) and lung permeability index(P<0. 01) were decreased in treatment groups. The protein expressions of NF-κB p50 and p38 were decreased while IκBαwas increased in treatment groups. Conclusion Yiqi huayu jiedu formula had prevention effect on endotoxin induced ARDS. It might relate to the inhibition of NF-κB/p38MAPK inflammatory signal pathway.

Chronic cough is classified as lasted cough in TCM,which is recurrent and protracted.The essay is the discussion on the pathogenesis of incubated evils of chronic cough in TCM theory .The basic pathogenesis is incubated pathogenic factors hidden in the body and evoked by the exogenous pathogenic factors.The common causes include pathogenic wind,cold fluid phlegm-dampness,dampness-heat accu-mulated.And the relationship between pathogenesis of hidden pathogen and airway inflammation is dis-cussed.

伤寒与温病探讨的都是外感病,然而两种学术体系的形成跨越近千年,学术思想却联系紧密,均为不断丰富与完善中医辨证与诊治体系做出了巨大贡献.阳明病在伤寒与温病中均有发生,但其病因病机、诊治、预后转归却明显不同,本文拟从以上几个角度探讨同为阳明病,伤寒与温病的异同.

目的:建立小鼠流感性肺炎模型,明确呼吸道流感病毒感染过程中是否存在特异性的肠道病理损伤,并探讨了其在“肺与大肠相表里”研究中的应用.方法:BALB/c小鼠48只随机分为正常组、病毒组.病毒组给予50 μL、50LD5o病毒液滴鼻建立流感病毒感染的小鼠肺炎模型,感染后第3、5、6天分别取材,HE染色检测肺脏、大肠、小肠、心脏、肝脏、肾脏组织病理结果,血生化检测血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和尿素氮(BUN)水平.结果:流感病毒感染后,病毒组小鼠肺组织出现明显的炎性病变外,随时间延长肺组织充血水肿出血加重;小肠黏膜腺体排列紊乱,绒毛粗大、部分脱落,黏膜固有层炎性细胞浸润:大肠黏膜固有层、肌层大量炎性细胞浸润,腺体结构消失、脱落;而心脏、肝脏、肾脏无明显病理改变;病毒组小鼠血清AST、ALT、BUN较正常组相比,差异无统计学意义.结论:小鼠流感病毒性肺炎模型中存在小肠、大肠特异性免疫病理损伤,是研究中医“肺与大肠相表里”理论及相关临床治法的理想模型.

Objective To induce the psychological stress-asthmatic rat model by ovalbumin (OVA)mix-ture sensitization with restraint,which simulated the pathogenic factors of bronchial asthma with liver -qi stagnation pattern,as well as to evaluate the model using indicators of the macro characterization,behav-iors,pulmonary function,peripheral blood inflammatory cells,bronchial tissue pathomorphology.Meth-ods A total 32 male rats were randomly divided into four groups—control group,stress group,asthmatic group,and stress-asthmatic group.Rats of stress group and stress-asthmatic group were immobilized in&nbsp;restrained box once daily at different time,ten minutes more than the day before with the first duration of 2 hours.Rats of stress-asthmatic group and asthmatic group were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection 1 mL mixture of OVA with aluminium hydroxide on the first day,and after 13 days,they were stimulated by inhalation of 1 % OVA for 20 min for consecutive 14 days.The rats of control group were sensitized and stimulated by saline,without immobilizing .28 days later,the macro characterization,behaviors, peripheral blood eosinophils,pulmonary function,bronchial tissue pathomorphology were observed.Re-sults Stress asthmatic rats showed low mood,loss of interest,dull hair,loose stools,reducing food in-take,slowly weight gain,and scratched noses and abdominal skin,coughed,sneezed and wheezed in the throat when stimulated.Compared with control group,the points of vertical movement decreased signifi-cantly(P <0.05 or P <0.01).Preference for sucrose,the times of active moves in tail suspension test (TST)of stress-asthmatic rats obviously decreased(P <0.01),and the duration of immobility increased significantly(P <0.01 ).Pulmonary function indicators,including peak expiratory flow(PEF),forced expiratory flow (FEF 25% -75% ),forced expiratory volume in 0.3 s [FEV(0.3]/forced expiration volume capacity (FVC)significantly declined(P <0.05,P <0.01,P <0.01 ),while mean inspiratory airway resistance (Ri)and mean expiratory airway resistance (Re)increased remarkably (P <0.05,P<0.01).Peripheral blood eosinophil cells increased(P <0.01),and infiltration of inflammatory cell in lung tissue was obvious.Compared with the stress group or asthmatic group,the signs and indicators of stress-asthmatic group were all much worse.Conlusion The psychological stress-asthmatic rat model, induced by VOA mixture with restraint,was proved to be successful.It is in accordance with clinical characteristics of bronchial asthma with liver-qi stagnation pattern,which can be used to study asthma caused by emotion .

目的：研究黄芪注射液联用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液对单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）模型大鼠肾脏骨形态发生蛋白7（BMP－7）及其受体（ BMPR－Ⅰa）和Smad5的表达影响。方法：36只清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和治疗组，在术后14和28 d分批处死动物。 HE和Masson染色观察肾形态变化，实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组化检测BMP－7及其受体和Smad5的mRNA和蛋白表达。结果：形态学染色见假手术组肾组织结构正常；模型组肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死，小管管腔扩张或萎缩，间质炎细胞浸润及纤维组织增生，病变随时间延长加重；治疗组病变较模型组减轻。模型组与治疗组肾组织BMP－7及其受体、Smad5的蛋白表达低于假手术组，但与模型组相比，治疗组表达增多。与假手术组相比，模型组BMP－7及其受体和Smad5的mRNA表达明显降低；治疗组BMP－7及其受体和28 d Smad5的mRNA表达明显高于模型组。结论：黄芪注射液联用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液可减轻UUO模型大鼠肾组织病变，这可能与增加肾组织BMP－7及其受体和Smad5的表达有关。