19世纪英国现实主义小说对英国社会的反映深度与广度是毋庸置疑的,但学界往往把焦点集中于其对社会黑暗面的批判,而对于其对英国性的建构鲜有论及.本文以19世纪最负盛名的几位现实主义小说家的部分代表性作品为例,探讨现实主义小说家们如何把普通劳动者塑造成传统英国性的守卫者和践行者,如何把勤劳、善良、正直这些美德建构成传统英国性理想表征,并探讨他们之所以如此建构的原因和意义.

传统的重输入轻输出的大学英语教学方式深受指责,改革势在必行."产出导向法"理论体系提供了新的教学模式,依据这一理论体系,进行了为期两周的大学综合英语教学实验,取得了较好的教学效果,学生的口语和写作产出在语言和内容方面都有了明显改进.

小班面授作为大学英语听说课的延伸和补充环节受到教师和学生的重视,它是当前各高校相应教育部号召充分利用计算机或互联网等现代科技开展学生自主学习的新形势下,为了弥补人机对话不足、确实保障和检测自主学习效果而设计的一种教学模式。本研究以交际教学理论和大学英语《课程要求》(2007年版)为依据,结合北京林业大学的大学英语教学实践,对小班面授这种教学模式的内容、方法和手段以及其在培养学生自主学习能力方面的作用进行了有益的探索和实践。

As one of the basic disciplines of food sciences,＂Food Chemistry Experiment＂ plays an essential role for cultivating students＇ innovative ability and specialized quality through integrating comprehensiveness and technical skills.Keeping in mind that the innovative ability training is one of important goals for higher education,in this paper,the author put forward a design-based experiment teaching approach to ＂Food Chemistry Experiment＂ with a description of methods and content,the suggestion of opening the lab and an evaluation on the teaching outcome.The results showed that the design-based experiment teaching approach had a positive influence on the training of students＇ all-round qualities,especially innovative,problem-solving,term work coordinating abilities.

本研究以图式理论为指导,采用实验与问卷调查相结合的定量研究方法,将北京林业大学08级林业经济和自动化专业两个平行班分为实验组和对照组,进行为期4个月的实验与问卷调查,实验数据采用t-test进行分析,结果在5%的水平上具有显著性.问卷调查的结果也与实验结果相一致.由此得出结论:图式理论在大学英语阅读教学中起着积极的作用,采用图式法进行阅读具有良好的效果.因此,此研究具有一定的推广意义.

China is the largest producer of apples in the world.More and more apple pomace is generated by apple juice factories.It has been proven that apple pomace is a rich source of polyphenols,which have a broad spectrum of bioactivities,such as antioxidation,antimicrobe,antitumor,antihypertension,antihyperlipemia,et al.In order to effectively extract polyphenolic compounds from apple pomace,investigation of microwave-assisted extraction was carried out.The whole experiments were carefully designed and optimized with response surface method(RSM).A second order quadratic equation for polyphenols extraction was finally obtained.Factors,such as microwave power,microwave-assisted extraction time,ethanol concentration,ratio of solvent to pomace(g/mL) and their corresponding relationships were investigated.Results showed that the effect order of four factors is as follows:microwave power>ratio of solvent to pomace > microwave-assisted extraction time>ethanol concentration.The optimized extraction conditions were microwave power 650 W,microwave time 53s,ethanol concentration 60%,ratio of solvent to pomace 1:20(g/mL).Under the optimal conditions,the extraction rate of apple polyphenols from apple pomace reached to 61.8286 mg/100 g dry wet.

In order to optimize the NKA-Ⅱ macroporous resin purification of polyphenols from apple pomace,Box-Behnken experimental design coupled with multiple regression analysis was employed to establish separate mathematical models stimulating the adsorption and desorption behaviors of NKA-Ⅱ resin and based on the established models,response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the respective effects of interactions among adsorption conditions and among desorption conditions on the adsorption and desorption of apple polyphenols onto NKA-Ⅱ resin.The optimum dynamic adsorption conditions were as follows: sample flow rate 1.065 mL/min,pH 3.19,sample concentration 1.421 mg/mL,and the optimum dynamic desorption conditions were as follows: desorption flow rate 0.91 mL/min,ethanol concentration 73.99% and pH 8.90.The optimized purification provided a purity of apple polyphenols of 38.45%.

In our continuous study on screening of superior carriers to immobilize cider yeast 7#,three kinds of material were selected,including alginate-Ca,PVA-alginate-Ca and chitosan-alginate-Ca(ACA).The physical and fermentative properties of these immobilized carriers were systematically investigated.The results were shown that cider yeast immobilized by ACA has better mechanical intensity(34.32g/mm2),penetrability(0.1295) and continuous fermentation capability.The alcoholicity of primary cider can achieve at 9.8%.The content of residual sugar and acid are 2.75g/L,2.77g/L,respectively.It was suggested that ACA is a superior carrier to immobilize cider yeast and would have potential applicability in cider production.

The problem of N-methylcarbamate insecticides(NMCs) residue in farm produce draws more and more public attention currently.All kinds of NMCs and their toxicological characters are summarized in this paper.The detection methods of NMCs residue using HPLC-UV,HPLC-FC,HPLC-MS,and their application are outlined.The purpose of this article is to improve the analytical level of NMCs residue in farm produce in China.

Discussions on translation principles such as faithfulness and equivalence abound in the writings of both translation researchers and translation practitioners. However, many of such writings either focus too much on theoretical elaborations, or confine their emphasis narrowly on the selection of a single word or sentence pattern, whereas exploration of the translators’ train-of-thought is not given its due attention. Insights into the active thinking process of the translators and application of their discretions in evaluating their interpretation of the original as well as their rendition of the target will play a constructive role in identifying potential loopholes and hence effect necessary remedies. The author believes that translators’ discretion serves as a key mechanism for ensuring the quality of the translated versions and for meeting the equivalent principle, and therefore is of practical significance.

The technique of preparing immobilized carrier by chitosan and sodium alginate to immobilize cider yeast was systematically carried out in this work. Through single factor and orthogonal experiments,four factors were selected,including concentrations of sodium alginate,CaCl2 and chitosan,and liquefying time,and employed to test their effects on microencapular mechanical strength and penetrability. Results showed that the effects of sodium alginate’s concentration on mechanical strength and penetrability of immobilized carrier ACA were the most notable,and those of CaCl2 on ACA’s mechanical strength and chitosan on penetrability were notable. Both interaction between sodium alginate and CaCl2 and liquefying time had inapparent effects on mechanical strength and penetrability of immobilized carrier ACA. The optimized conditions of preparing immobilized carrier by chitosan and sodium alginate to immobilize cider yeast were 2.0% of sodium alginate,2.0% CaCl2,0.2% chitosan and 10 min liquefying time.

采用本实验室保藏的10株酵母(P6、P8、P11、P14、P15、W25、W38、W41、W52和W65)为备选菌株,以专用啤酒酵母7#和葡萄酒酿酒酵母3#为对照,通过系统试验,包括试验酵母菌落形态和感官评价、发酵能力比较和发酵所得苹果酒品质的评价,筛选出一株最佳苹果酒酿酒酵母W41,其发酵的原酒酒精度达133.0mL/L,酒体澄清透明,具有苹果酒的典型风味。

In order to develop a novel method for properly utilizing germinated wheat,7 kinds of wheat mixtures were prepared with Xiaoyan 6 and Shan 225 as test samples and the proportion of germinated wheat was 0%,5%,10%,20%,30%,40% and 100% respectively,and their quality characteristics were studied systematically.The results showed that the grain quality,milling quality,protein quality and rheological characteristics of dough became worse with growing content of germinated wheat,that is,the quality of mixed wheat was negatively affected by germinated wheat;Compared with common wheat,the quality indexes of mixed wheat varied little when the content of germinated wheat was less than 10%.

大学英语教学究竟采用何种模式才能产生令学生、老师、社会都满意的效果?作者结合对北京林业大学2002级3个专业6个本科班所做的实证性研究,探讨了传统教学模式、任务型教学模式和多媒体辅助教学模式各自的利弊,并在此基础上提出了符合我校实际情况的教学模式--一多维教学模式。

介绍了葡萄酒香气的分类和葡萄酒呈香物质的种类,综述了葡萄酒呈香物质的研究状况.

介绍了微波辅助萃取(microwave-assisted extraction,MAE)技术的原理、特点、工艺流程及其技术要点,综述了近年来MAE技术在食品化学中的应用,指出MAE作为一种新的萃取技术,必将促进食品化学的发展.

本研究以荞麦淀粉为原料制备荞麦淀粉醋酸酯,探讨了荞麦淀粉乳浓度、醋酸酐用量、氢氧化钠浓度、反应液pH值、反应温度和反应时间对荞麦淀粉酯化的影响,通过正交试验,确定合成荞麦淀粉醋酸酯最优工艺条件.

Buckwheat carboxymethyl starch(CMS) has been prepared by alcohol me thod.The effects of influencing factors on degree of substitution(DS) of buckwhe at CMS were investigated.These factors included starch concentration,monochloroa cetic acid concentration,sodium hydroxide concentration,water content,reaction t emperature and reaction time.The technique conditions of preparing buckwheat car boxymethyl starch were optimized by orthogonal experiment.

以小麦、玉米和马铃薯三种淀粉为参照,研究了荞麦淀粉糊性质,结果表明:荞麦淀粉糊化温度与小麦淀粉糊化温度相当,但比玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉难糊化;其粘度热稳定性显著高于小麦、玉米和马铃薯淀粉;冷粘度稳定性大于小麦、玉米和马铃薯淀粉;凝胶性和凝沉性均高于马铃薯淀粉;透明度低于小麦、玉米和马铃薯淀粉;冻融稳定性强于小麦和玉米淀粉.

综述了我国目前保健食品的发展状况,提出了我国应重点开发的保健食品,包括孕妇保健食品、儿童保健食品、减肥保健食品、心脑血管患者专用保健食品、预防肿瘤保健食品、糖尿病患者专用保健食品、抗衰老保健食品及其他保健品,为我国新世纪保健食品的开发提供参考.