To observe the effects of preventative moxibustion on analgesia, substance P (SP), prostaglandin (PG) F2α and PGE2 in rats with dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness stagnation, and to explore the analgesic mechanism. Sixty-four female Wistar non-pregnant rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a Western medicine group, and a preventative moxibustion group, with 16 rats in each group. Eight qualified diestrus rats were selected from each group. Except for the blank group, the other three groups established models of dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness stagnation using an ice water bath combined with estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. On the 8th day after modeling, the preventative moxibustion group was treated with gentle moxibustion at Shenque (CV8) and Guanyuan (CV4), and the Western medicine group was given ibuprofen solution for 4 consecutive days. On the 11th day, the intervention groups (i.e. the Western medicine group and the preventative moxibustion group) were treated once again after being injected with oxytocin. The writhing score and the pain threshold of rats were determined; the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), SP, PGF2α, and PGE2 were measured; the mRNA and protein expression levels of BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus were detected. Compared with the blank group, the writhing score increased (P<0.01), the pain threshold decreased (P<0.01), the serum levels of BDNF, SP, and PGF2α increased (P<0.01), while the PGE2 decreased (P<0.01); the protein and mRNA expression levels of BDNF and TrkB in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus increased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the writhing score decreased, the pain threshold increased, the serum BDNF, SP, and PGF2α levels decreased significantly, the serum PGE2 level increased, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of BDNF and TrkB in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus decreased significantly in the preventative moxibustion group and the Western medicine group, while the inter-group differences were significant (P<0.01). Compared with the Western medicine group, the writhing score decreased, the pain threshold increased, the serum BDNF, SP, and PGF2α, levels decreased, the serum PGE2 level increased, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of BDNF and TrkB in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus in the preventative moxibustion group decreased significantly, while the inter-group differences were significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Preventative moxibustion at Shenque (CV8) and Guanyuan (CV4) can improve the pain sensitization state of rats with dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness stagnation, down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of BDNF and TrkB in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus; regulation of the serum SP, PGF2α, and PGE2 levels may be part of the mechanism.

经过多年"生物化学"课程教学改革的探索,创造性地构建并实践了"双核四驱动闭环式"的教学模式."以学生为中心,以教师为导育"双核联动为教学理念,加快课程资源网络建设,促进课堂教学和网络信息技术融合,发展"双线混融式"教育.通过实施多重交互式的"双线混融式"教学,实现学生课前、课中和课后三阶段的连贯学习,驱动学生自主学习能力的提升;注重对学生每个学习环节的评价,借助网络学习平台补充形成性评价和过程性评价的考核,驱动多元化评价体系的构建;驱动教师专业教学水平及思政教学能力的提升.实现关键环节反馈,并持续改进闭环式循环的发展,致力于其提高.

To observe the effects of ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Shenque (CV8) and Guanyuan (CV4) on the expression levels of endocrine-related molecules and their receptors in rats with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) due to cold-dampness stagnation, thus to explore their analgesic mechanisms. Thirty-two female Wistar rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, a ginger-partitioned moxibustion group, and a Western medicine group according to the random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. Except for rats in the normal group, all other rats were treated with oxytocin combined with ice-water bath to establish the rat models of PD due to cold-dampness stagnation. After successful modeling, rats in the normal group and the model group did not receive treatment; rats in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group received treatments with ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Shenque (CV8) and Guanyuan (CV4); rats in the Western medicine group received ibuprofen by intragastric administration. The writhing response of rats was compared among groups, and the serum levels of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), estrogen (estradiol, E2), progesterone (P), and the mRNA expression of PGF2α and E2 receptors in the uterine tissues were detected. No writhing behavior was observed in the normal group; compared with the normal group, the serum PGF2α and E2 levels in the model group were increased (P<0.01), while the P level was decreased (P<0.01), and the mRNA expression levels of the uterine PGF2α and E2 receptors were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the writhing behavior latency was prolonged, and the writhing response score was decreased in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group and the Western medicine group (P<0.01); the serum PGF2α and E2 levels in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group and the Western medicine group were decreased, while the P level was increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the mRNA expression levels of the uterine PGF2α and E2 receptors in the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group and the Western medicine group were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the Western medicine group, the ginger-partitioned moxibustion group showed a prolonged writhing behavior latency, reduced writhing response score (P<0.05), and decreased serum E2 level (P<0.05), while no statistical differences in the serum PGF2α and P levels, or the mRNA expression levels of uterine PGF2α and E2 receptors (P>0.05). The analgesic effect of ginger-partitioned moxibustion on PD due to cold-dampness stagnation may be related to regulating the mRNA expression levels of PGF2α and E2 receptors in the uterine tissues.

探讨了具有燕赵医学文化特色的中医药人才培养新体系的构建与实践,包括扁鹊医学社中医教育第二课堂、扁鹊中医班"1234"人才培养模式、"扁鹊计划"4段式师承教育模式、"一院一馆一讲坛"传承创新体系等.未来将继续弘扬燕赵医学文化,推进燕赵医学研究,创新燕赵医学理论,叫响燕赵医学品牌,推动燕赵医学走向世界.

高校教学实验室在培养学生实践能力和创新精神方面发挥着重要作用,是办好学校的重要支柱之一,目前各地医药院校教学实验室管理机制和运行模式各不相同.针对长期表现出的实验室重复建设、开放共享程度不高、实验资源利用不足等问题,以河北中医学院为例探讨了教学实验室的共享管理机制和模块化运行模式,为提升医药类高校实验室管理水平及加强学校内涵式发展提供了实践参考.

随着"互联网+"时代的到来,信息技术与教育技术深度融合,在线教学已成为教学新常态.文章以河北中医学院为例,基于OBE理念,从教学督导角度,在优化教学管理、提高在线教育技术能力以及构建良好在线教风、学风等方面探索实践在线教学质量的提升路径,保障在线学习与线下课堂教学质量实质等效.

当前人才队伍建设滞后的问题已成为制约深化医改的重要因素,通过了解学生思想动态,完善研究生阶段的教学机制,以培养符合岗位胜任力目标、具有中医思维的合格中医人才.根据276名研究生的调研结果,结合医教协同发展的时代背景,提出统一研究生复试入口、优化中医住院医师规范化培训方案、修订中医学术学位研究生培养方案等方面建议,探索构建多途径的高层次中医学人才培养体系.

教师TPACK专业作为一个动态化的专业化生成过程,具有个体化、情境化和建构性的特点,有助于在新时代为教师专业的发展提供基本的理论框架.在教师TPACK专业发展的过程中,应该要充分地利用教育大数据时代的优势,运用大数据来构建学习的情境,让老师们积极对学科知识、教学法和技术等方面的知识进行学习与创新,不断地实现自己对TPACK的深入了解,促进教师整合技术的学科教学知识的持续发展.

当前社会发展迅速,创新教育研究也在不断深化,我国现有的教育理论已很难适应现今社会的发展趋势,人们更加重视具有创新意识、创新能力、高素质的创新型人才,为此,提出创新创业教育师资队伍视角下高等院校人才培养模式探究.在创新创业教育师资队伍视角下,探究高等院校人才培养模式,需要建立以学生为中心、教师辅助教学的模式,展开学校与企业合作办学的模式;创新教学体系,在高等院校的课程中融入创新创业人才培养,促进学生在无意识中具有创新创业意识;开展实践教学活动,促使学生的创新创业知识、能力与素质得到相应提升.

目的:探讨艾灸神阙穴对不同程度力竭运动大鼠海马区单胺类神经递质的影响.方法:将72只SD雄性大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组8只、模型组和艾灸组各32只,根据造模u治疗时间将模型组和艾灸组随机分为1、4、7、10次亚组,每亚组8只,采用游泳实验建立力竭模型.艾灸各亚组大鼠造模后即刻温和灸神阙穴15min,隔日1次,各亚组大鼠完成相应力竭运动后24h检测海马组织5-HT、DA、NE的含量.结果:与正常组比较,模型各亚组5-HT含量均明显升高,模型1、4、7次亚组NE含量均明显升高,模型1次亚组DA含量明显升高,模型10次亚组却明显降低.与相应模型亚组比较,艾灸4次亚组NE含量明显升高,艾灸7、10次亚组5-HT含量显著降低,DA、NE含量明显升高.结论:艾灸神阙穴可以通过调节反复力竭运动大鼠海马区神经递质,促进神经细胞的功能恢复,改善机体疲劳状态,为今后临床应用提供一定的实验基础.

目的:对中医学本科专业临床带教医师及毕业学生的教学质量进行回顾性评价,针对暴露问题提出精准改革建议.方法:采用网络在线填写调查问卷形式,临床带教医师评价与毕业学生自评相结合的方法,围绕毕业生医学知识、临床技能、应用能力、职业素质4方面情况,对中医学专业本科教学质量进行回顾性评价,并进行比较分析.结果:回收有效问卷301份,其中临床带教医师82份,毕业学生219份.分析发现中医学专业本科毕业生医学知识、临床技能、应用能力、职业素质评价优良率分别为63.38％、66.91％、69.55％、89.12％,中医经典医籍和西医解剖生理知识最低,分别为48.51％、56.81％.当前毕业生医学知识、临床技能及应用能力均有待进一步提升,尤其是临床基础知识.结论:建议加强中医通识课程与实训课程建设、整合医学课程突出临床特色、丰富第二课堂内容创新形式,以培养符合岗位胜任力目标、具有中医思维的合格中医人才.

用“早临床、多临床、反复临床”的教育理念从宏观与微观角度对临床人才培养体系进行分析,诠释中医特色临床人才培养.

形成性评价指在教学过程中进行的动态、多次的评测.为了提高中药药理学教学质量,将形成性评价考核模式引入到中药药理学教学实践中,通过期末考试、课堂提问与讨论、中期小综述和实验考核等方式,提高留学生学习的主动性和教学参与度,帮助教师及时了解学生对知识的掌握情况,明确改进教学方向,最终提高教学水平.

金元医家李东垣,其师承张元素,继承《黄帝内经》《伤寒杂病论》等有关脾胃的论述,致力于脾胃内伤病的研究,撰著《脾胃论》.该书主要反映了李东垣的“脾胃观”,重点体现在3个方面:脾胃既是滋养元气的源泉,又是气机升降的枢纽之生理观;内伤脾胃导致百病由生之发病观;补气升阳为主之治疗观.

目的:探讨形成性评价在《中药药理学》教学中的应用.方法:根据《中药药理学》的学科特点,制定形成性评价体系,分析形成性评价在具体教学过程的实施途径和效果.结果:形成性评价可较好的激发学生的学习兴趣,更好地培养学生的科研创新能力,学生的学习成效显著提高.结论:形成性评价用于《中药药理学》的教学,可全面提高学生学习的主动性和创造性,值得推广.

为培养适应中医医疗、预防、科研、教育等多方面需求的应用型高素质中医药人才,河北中医学院不断加强专业内涵建设,近年来通过"以学生为中心"教育思想大讨论、修订完善中医学专业人才培养方案、创新不同层次人才培养模式、为学生搭建创新创业平台等一系列措施,进行中医学专业人才培养的改革实践.

形成性评价是在教学过程中对学生的知识掌握和能力发展进行的评价,相对于传统终结性评价,能更加客观地反映教学效果并有效促进学生能力的提升.随着医学教育改革,形成性评价体系越来越受到重视.为了顺应当代高等教育的发展,我们以学生为主体构建了《中药药理学》课程形成性评价体系.

试行《中药药理学》科研型实验教学改革,并设计问卷就参与实验的意图和学生成绩进行调查分析.结果显示,中药学专业学生志愿参加科研型实验比例较高.参与科研型实验后,89.4％的学生认为有所收获,实验成绩及期末考试卷面成绩均较未参与科研型实验学生高.

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Bushen Huoxue formula on hippocampal cells apoptosis in rats with vascular dementia (VD ). Method: Totally 75 male SD rats were screened in Morris Water-maze screening, and then randomly divided into the sham-operated group, model group, Nimodipine group, Bushen Huoxue formula high and low dose (10.14, 5.07 g·kg ～1d 11 ) groups. Except the rats in the sham-operated group, all the other four groups received two-vessel occlusion (2-VO) method to establish VD models. The rats in the low-dose and high-dose Bushen Huoxue formula groups and the Nimodipine group received drugs Bushen Huoxue formula tablets and Nimodipine tablets respectively for 30 days. After treatment, all rats were tested by Morris Water-maze; brain hippocampal cells apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method and the expression levels of rat hippocampal extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2 ) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Result: As compared with sham-operated group, the time of escape latency was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05 ); the number of passing platform and the stayed time in the former platform quadrant were both decreased (P ＜0.01); the integral absorbance (/A) of hippocampal cells apoptosis was significantly increased,and the average grey value was decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01 ); IA of hippocampal ERK2 and CREB (immunohistochemical) expression was significantly decreased, and the average grey value was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01 ); and the protein expression level (Western blot) was significantly decreased in model group (P ＜ 0.01 ). As compared with the model group, Bushen Huoxue formula improved the learning and memory ability of rats, decreased the apoptosis IA (P ＜0.01 ),increased the average grey value (P ＜ 0.01),and increased the IA and protein expression of ERK2 and CREB in hippocampal tissues (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.01 ) . Conclusion: Bushen Huoxue formula may inhibit apoptosis of hippocampal cells and improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats through regulating ERK/CREB signaling pathways in hippocampal tissues of rat.

为创新中医人才培养模式,河北中医学院设置扁鹊中医实验班,课程设置突出河北中医学特色,结合现代师承教育模式,寻找培养高质量中医人才的有效途径.