国内学者王寅把认知语言学修订为"体认语言学"并对其哲学理据进行了阐述.本文对体认语言学的哲学理据做了进一步的探析.本文认为,在后现代主义一元论视阈下,认知主体与认知客体本是同根同源的,两者之间是不可分割的连续统关系.认知主体用身体感官来体验认知客体,形成感觉经验.感觉经验再由语言进行加工,最终形成概念认知(心灵或知识).

概念隐喻理论以认知机制为对象,旨在揭示语言使用的思维结构,然而,文化模式决定着认知模式,文化体验的差异产生了认知、思维和行为差异.体验哲学观认为,人类的一切概念均植根于我们的身体体验.根据发生学的原则,身体体验、语言、认知、文化、隐喻构成整个进化发展链条,形成了文化模式＞认知模式＞隐喻模式的联动关系.文化模式是认知机制动态构建的核心要素,决定了隐喻模式的内涵维度.

当代心智哲学的主流理论是基于一元论立场的功能主义,但这种功能主义心智观并没有直面意向性和感受特质.塞拉斯的原始功能主义心智观作为功能主义的最早形态,立足于他的哲学二元论,接受心智作为实体存在的承诺,承认心智的概念,把心智看作理论实体,认为心智就是语言的实体化,两者是属性关系.

心智哲学脱胎于语言哲学.随着语言哲学研究的深入发展,心智哲学成为哲学发展的必然.当代心智哲学的主流理论是功能主义,但一元论的功能主义心智观并没有直面意向性和感受特质这些心智的核心问题.塞拉斯的属性二元论原始功能主义心智观是功能主义的最早形态.与后期的各种功能主义形态不同,塞拉斯认为研究心智就是研究语言,心灵是语言的实体化.塞拉斯的理论印证了当代哲学发展的范式.

本研究以自建《青衣》汉英平行语料库为基础,依据场景框架认知模式理论,探讨了文学翻译中译者主体创造性的实现过程与成因.根据Kussmaul (2006)提出的场景框架认知模式的四种关系类型,即框架进入场景(R1),框架改变(R2),场景进入框架(R3),框架被近乎相同框架呈现代替(R4),本研究对《青衣》汉英平行语料进行手动标注并对数据进行整理和统计.研究结果表明,《青衣》汉英平行语料库中场景框架认知模式的四种关系类型均有出现;从四种关系类型分布数量看,R1最多,R3最少,依次表现为R1 ＞R2 ＞R4＞ R3.从译者主体创造性实现的翻译策略选择看,R1,R2,R4均属于归化策略,R3属于异化策略.这一结果不仅揭示了翻译过程中场景框架的认知作用,同时表明文学翻译中为了实现译者主体创造性,译者根据不同类型情况选择了相应策略.

以动态系统理论为研究视角,在理念上将变异视为第二语言发展中的内在属性,在方法上提供了几种有效呈现变异数据的动态技术和工具.从动态系统视角关注第二语言发展中的变异为描述和解释第二语言发展提供了一个全新的视角.同时探讨变异和展示研究技术和工具有助于研究者们关注丰富的、有价值的信息源,为变异研究提供了全新的思维框架.

《西方语言哲学教程》出版于2006年.编者的初衷是为了给英语专业的硕士和博士研究生编写一本适合他们使用的西方语言哲学教材.由于当时国内没有现成可以利用的读本,国外的读本又不太适合我们学生的需求,便萌生自己动手编写的想法. 自1996年以来,编者为多所大学的英语语言文学硕士和博士开设西方语言哲学课程.给外语专业的研究生开设语言哲学课程出于两个考虑:一是,诚如刘润清先生所言,现在的硕士生和博士生的论文中似乎有种倾向,那就是对自己那个小小的研究领域懂得很多,很有专业性和技术性,但却暴露出功底不够宽厚的弱点,尤其是缺乏人文性的、哲学性的解释,缺乏哲学上的理论深度;二是,英语专业的研究生在研究语言的过程中,不可避免地会产生对哲学解释的需求,语言研究过渡到哲学研究是一种必然.除了这两个考虑外,还要照顾到英语专业研究生的特点,他们最好是读英文原文,而且他们毕竟不是哲学专业学生,给他们设计的课程内容应该是以介绍为主,而不是以专题研究为主.

翻译是再创造的过程。在这个过程中,译者的不断选择决定了最终呈现给读者的译作形式。译者选择什么样的词语、文体及译文的最终呈现,决定了翻译再创造的形式,翻译选择对翻译作品的成功与否起着至关重要的作用。如果说莫言及其他中国现当代作家的文学作品的英文世界旅行得益于葛浩文的翻译,这也正肯定了译者翻译选择的成功。从认知语言学突显观和注意观的研究视角出发,采用菲尔莫尔的场景框架说为分析工具,以葛浩文华文小说翻译的59部作品书名翻译为语料,验证、探讨、分析、阐释翻译选择过程,以此对翻译选择进行认知解读分析。研究表明,翻译选择过程是受到限制或受到影响的,比如译者认知、读者世界、出版社、编辑、赞助商等诸多因素都会共同影响译者的翻译选择,从而最终决定翻译作品的最终呈现及原作的传播价值。

English is used by more than one and a half billion people as a first, second or foreign language for communication purposes (Strevens, 1992). In this context, the purpose of teaching English has shifted from mastery of the grammatical rules to the ability to use the target language for successful communication. Consequently, the communication aspect of teaching and learning English has become the key issue in the domain of second language acquisition (Yashima, 2002: 54). Therefore, the issue of whether the learners will communicate in English when they have the chance to do so and to what extent they are willing to communicate gain importance. These questions have led to the emergence of an important construct in the field of L2 instruction, i.e. willingness to communicate (hereafter, WTC), which is defined as a learner's ‘readiness to enter into discourse at a particular time with a specific person or persons, using a L2’ (MacIntyre et al., 1998: 547). MacIntyre and his associates even proposed that WTC in L2 should be conceptualized as ‘the primary goal’ of language instruction (MacIntyre et al., 1998: 545). This paper explores the important concept of WTC by looking into Pakistani students' WTC in Canada.

Abstract The Interpretation of Chinese relative clauses has become of significant interest in sentence processing research, since some studies found that Chinese comprehension patterns violate the well-known universal subject relatives preference proposed by NAPH theory and proved by cross-linguistic studies. The current study uses the neuropsychological measure of ERP. It supports such a language-specific phenomenon, with the results showing that both subject-and object-modifying subject relatives eliciting larger ERP components than object relatives. The results suggest that object relatives are easier to process than subject relatives at both modifying positions, challenging the claim of universal subject preference for all languages. In addition, this study casts doubts on CWO and working memory-based DLT models despite results being compatible with them, and concludes that none of the current models are comprehensive enough to account for the data. Finally, this study offers a piece of evidence for the garden path effect caused by the surface NVN word order in the Chinese relative clause. All in all, this study adds to the evidence that processing preference is not universal. It contributes to a comprehensive model of how complex structures are processed.

元话语是帮助作者组织语篇、表达对命题的态度和实现作者与读者互动的语言成分.元话语概念的模糊性与分类的多样性源于理论视角的差异.本文在分析了当前元话语研究比较集中的功能、认知和语用视角的基础上,重点评述了新近被关注的涵盖主体间性理论、话语理论、交往行为理论的语言哲学视角,试图拓宽元话语研究的理论视角,为元话语研究在哲学上找到注脚.

Peer review in writing is frequently debated as a pedagogic strategy domestically;abroad it has been advanced from mere theoretical exploration and empirical research to the application into online writing across curriculum.This paper charts the course of the theoretical exploration of peer review abroad and elaborates how peer review is supported by process writing theory,cooperative writing theory,second language acquisition theory and Vygotsky developmental theory so as to recruit the attention to peer review from empirical writing research.

目前有关言据性的语义和分类研究较多,但对其动因的阐释还很鲜见.从认知语言学、语用学和系统功能语言学视角进行研究,可以揭示言据性现象及其动因的多维特征.言据性的动因在于人类运用语言进行范畴化、表达主观性、为顺应交际语境进行语言选择以及建立人际互动的需要.

区分基本话语与元话语的关键是确定话语材料是否带有命题意义,传统的功能分析模式并不能对此做出充分解释.笔者提出了功能与句法相结合的分析模式,并将该模式应用于英语社论中互动元话语的分析.研究结果表明,功能与句法相结合的分析模式能够有效判断话语是否具有命题意义,为互动元话语的分析提供了新途径.

对外文化传播离不开翻译，而翻译的核心则是意义建构。蒯因从意义消除论和意义整体论出发，指出有两个因素---意义或内涵的不确定性和指称或外延的不确定性，导致了翻译的不确定性。蒯因的论点具有哲学上的意义，但在翻译实践中，文化的可译性和不可译性都是相对的。翻译是译者在对人类文化和语言共相理解的基础上，根据母语和本土文化的特点进行语义表征再生成的动态过程。

This study ,based on the data analysis of verbal evidentials (VEs) in English and Chinese academic papers (APs) from linguistics (40 Chinese and 40 English) ,shows significant dissimilarities between English and Chinese APs :1) Both the number of linguistic forms and the frequency of VEs in English APs are greater than those in Chinese APs ;2) English writers of APs prefer the“argue” type of VEs ,and use the“think”type the least ,while the“think”type of VEs occupy the highest frequency in Chinese APs ;3) Chinese writers of APs are more committed to both the source and the reliability of the information provided .These dissimilarities ,as indicated by further analyses ,might be caused by the differences in culture and thinking pattern between the two peoples .

At the core of foreign language teachers'cognition is the cognition of professional essence,i.e.the cognition of philosophy of language.Yet,China witnesses a somewhat pessimistic situation in the college foreign language teachers'cognition of philosophy of language.The findings of the present study indicate that studying philosophy of language is an effective way of improving teachers'cognition.As a result,foreign language teachers have changed their cognition and their way and mode of thinking,and started to reflect more on the essence of their professional issues.

The brain mechanisms in metaphor processing have become a hot topic in neurolinguistic field.This study initialized with research method summarization and focused on the three different conclusions in brain mechanisms research,i.e.,right-hemisphere hypothesis,left-hemisphere hypothesis,whole-hemisphere hypothesis.Further analysis is presented on the difference of the theoretical basis and methodology of these three hypotheses so as to provide that metaphor comprehension is not subject to the dichotomy of brain hemisphere,but derives from the holistic involvement of the hemispheres during processing metaphor.

一 关于语言的起源有各种各样的假说,进化论无疑是其中最重要的一个.如今,进化语言学已成为语言学领域里最热的学科之一. 语言进化研究得益于许多学科领域的发展,如考古学、心理语言学、认知科学、神经语言学、生物科学、计算机模拟技术等.上个世纪90年代发现的一个叫做FOXP2(Forkhead box protein 2)的基因被认为与语言有很大关系.但是,目前还没有证据表明FOXP2与语法有关.于是,当前许多研究者都在致力于研究句法的起源和进化.这正是《语法的起源》这本专著的背景.

Cognitive linguistics,as a new linguistic paradigm,provides a new perspective for metaphor,iconicity,metaphorical iconicity.Metaphorical iconicity can be analyzed from image,analogy and Abstraction.Finally,metaphorical iconicity lays foundation on embodied philosophy.