以8个优质粳稻样品为材料,研究稻谷储藏期间品质变化趋势及影响因素.通过对稻谷保管全过程中新鲜度、食味值和脂肪酸值的测试数据分析,研究导致品质变化的原因,指导储粮技术的开展,实现依质论价、好粮好价,提高管理效益和经济效益.

针对库区优质大米中泰国大米与东北大米,设置冷藏(4℃)、低温(15℃)与准低温(20℃)三种储存条件.在储藏过程中测定大米的外观品质、新鲜度、食味值与食用品质.依据数据可知,泰国大米与东北大米在4℃条件下储存外观品质劣变较慢,食用品质变化情况与15℃和20℃条件接近.泰国大米与东北大米在15℃和20℃环境中存放8个月后,外观品质和食用品质开始显著下降.即优质泰国大米与东北大米生产加工后在15℃～20℃的温度下储存,6～8个月内食用品质会保持在较高的水平.

采用负压抽气法与循环进气法对熏蒸后待揭膜粮堆中的PH3进行强制排出,通过对抽气过程中各个监测点PH3浓度进行检测跟踪,根据PH3浓度的变化情况,探讨负压抽气法与循环进气法在粮堆中的应用,从安全、效率等方面解决粮堆的揭膜问题.

采用稀酸浸提法提取粮食样品中的镉元素,通过对提取方式、固液比、提取时间和酸度等进行优化,确定前处理条件.同时,与湿法消解、微波消解等其它前处理方法进行对比.试验结果表明,稀酸浸提法结果准确,在成本上、安全上更具有明显的优势,值得在实验室推广应用.

采用两种不同材质的薄膜对包装小麦码成的小粮堆进行密闭,通过对比研究不同剂量的铁系脱氧剂处理小粮堆后的保管效果,经过对试验粮堆一年时间的品质跟踪发现:采用铁氧剂处理之后,粮堆内储粮害虫的繁殖得到了较好的抑制,而小麦的水分、面筋吸水量、脂肪酸值等指标的变化不大,不同剂量的铁氧剂对小麦的保管效果区别较小.

Using the artificial intelligence climate box as the temperature control equipment, we observed the growth regularity of Sitophilus oryzae in the japonica rice with packed bag at the temperature of 5,10,15,20 and 25℃, and studied the quality change under different temperature conditions.After tracking and analysis for 1 a, the results showed that, at 25℃,the growth rate of Sitophilus oryzae was the fastest, and the impact on the tested rice quality were mainly reflected in the broken rice content, impurity and taste score, but little effect on moisture and fatty acid value.

为了探讨不同储藏方式对南方籼米食味品质的影响,以室温储藏为对照,主要理化特性为指标,综合评价低温(15℃)、充氮气调和双低(低氧低剂量)储藏对南方籼米(红地稻黄花粘)食味品质的影响.结果表明:低温和充氮气调储藏方式能更好地保持籼米中α淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性,在α-淀粉酶的作用下,籼米内部的支链淀粉脱支从而使直链淀粉含量升高;低温和充氮气调能更好地抑制籼米中脂肪酸值的升高,大米脂肪酸值升高主要是由于脂类氧化分解造成的,而脂肪酶对大米脂肪酸值的影响较小;与室温对照组相比,3种储藏方式均有利于延缓米饭食味值的劣变,而食味品质最优的为充氮气调,低温储藏次之,双低储藏效果最差.

Objective Grain safety is directly related to the health and life safety of the people.In order to protect the safety of people's lives to deal with from environmental protection,pest control is not complete,pest resistance challenge,thus limiting application in the pharmaceutical chemistry,transition to low temperature,hypoxia and biological control of green grain storage.Methods This paper for grain storage situation of backward in the process of grain loss serious,prevention methods,the effects of controlled oxygen ecological grain storage technology,grain changes in the ecological environment,can effectively kill pests to solve the currently chemical control method caused custody grain pesticide residue and pollution,pests of the increasingly serious problem of pesticide resistance.Results In this experiment,through the establishment of simulation experiment of grain pile,application of 0.18％ and 0.30％ respectively,control effect can reach more than 90％ for T castaneum 2.0％,Rhizopertha dominica,Sitophilus oryzae.The application of 0.8 g/kg,1.0 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg,2.0 g/kg,3.0 g/kg and 5.0 g/kg Chuyangbao of Rhizopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae,T castaneum and 0.3 g/kg,0.5 g/kg of T castaneum and 0.5 g/kg of Rhyzopertha dominica killing effect in more than 90％;rice deoxidizer 0.2 g/kg,0.5 g/kg,1.0 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg,2.0 g/kg,2.5 g/kg,3.0 g/kg,4.0 g/kg and 5.0 g/kg,10.0 g/kg of rice germination rate had no significant effect.Conclusion The application of the technology of chemical oxygen reduction and pesticide reduction is green,safe and efficient,which can ensure grain security.

在气密性良好条件下对不同的粮堆中施放不同剂量的药剂，对粮堆内的磷化氢浓度进行检测、跟踪与分析，掌握缓释熏蒸中磷化氢浓度在六面密闭粮堆中的变化规律，确保粮堆内保持有效的C·T积，从而达到抑制霉菌的效果。试验结果表明：在气密性（半衰期）超过150 s的包装大米堆中，缓释熏蒸条件下磷化氢浓度呈现快速升高后缓慢衰减类似抛物线状变化规律；有效浓度保持时间与施药剂量呈正相关，但不呈同比例增长关系。

采取常规储藏、低温储藏、双低储藏和充氮气调储藏4种方式,对粳米(爱邦东北米)进行储藏保管3个月,每月定期对样品各理化指标和蒸煮品质进行检测.结果显示,α-淀粉酶对大米的储藏品质和食味品质有较大影响;粳米在储藏过程中游离脂肪酸的增加主要是由于其内部相关物质被氧化造成的.试验中双低储藏、低温储藏和充氮气调储藏对延缓大米品质劣变均能起到一定的效果,低温储藏和充氮气调储藏能更好地保持大米中的生物酶类活性和米饭食味品质.

传统的粮食仓储物流作业对劳动力的依赖性较高,尤其是成品粮,要依靠工人肩挑背扛进行装卸和搬运.虽然行业内采用了叉车加托盘的搬运方式,但是由于硬质托盘成本过高,在流通过程中占用空间大,粮仓的空间利用率低、安全性差,从而导致硬质托盘难以在整个粮食物流供应链体系中广泛运用,信息技术也无法找到有效的载体贯穿于粮食物流供应链体系.我库对智能滑托板技术进行了实践探索,提出了一整套成品粮仓储物流的作业模式.通过对新模式的实践应用,促进成品粮仓储物流的自动化、智能化发展,对于现代化的粮食物流建设具有重要意义.

结合深圳市高温高温气候以及粳米储存难度大的实际,利用分体式空调机、循环式谷物冷却机和常规通风系统三种方式,分别对库存平均水分为14.2％的包装粳米进行了为期7个月的控温控湿保管度夏试验.试验结果表明:利用循环式谷物冷却机结合工业除湿机和分体式空调机控温控湿均可实现粳米的安全度夏,而单纯利用常规通风系统效果并不理想;利用分体式空调机与循环式谷物冷却机结合工业除湿机相比,用电总量上升了38％,储粮品质差异却不明显.

以国产籼米奥玉黄花粘为研究对象,在仓内湿度相对稳定的前提下,让供试籼米分别处于不同的仓温中,通过定期抽样检测其外观品质、物理参数和化学参数等各项指标的变化,研究了供试包装籼米从2014年11月份到2015年8月份储存期间品质的变化规律,并依据品质变化分析了供试籼米的保质期.试验结果表明:随着储藏时间的延长,供试籼米品质都在下降,特别是在水分、色泽气味、脂肪酸值和新鲜度方面,变化速度因所处环境的不同而有差异,温度越低变化速度越慢.另外,根据试验结果分析,60％仓湿条件下,仓温在15℃和20℃时供试籼米保质期都超过9个月,仓温在25℃保质期接近6个月,常温常湿条件下保质期为3个月.

In comparison with change of sulfhydryl and disulfide bond contents of soybean and paddy which were determined according to the methods of colorimetry with the Ellman's reagent in conventional storage,the change of them with time at different storage temperature under controlled atmosphere storage with N2 was studied.The test shows that: the change of two contents of soybean and rice showed the same trend.The content of sulfhydryl increased while the content of disulfide bond reduced with the storage time.The controlled atmosphere group changed less remarkable than the contrast group.At the same group,the higher the temperature,the greater the change.Compared with the conventional storage,controlled atmosphere storage with N2 could keep the original quality of the grain protein well.

通过对充氮气调稻谷在不同温度下的发芽率、出糙率、脂肪酸值、电导率和过氧化氢酶活性的测定,探讨充氮气调对稻谷品质的劣变规律.结果表明:稻谷充氮气调,低温条件下的品质变化幅度比对照组小且不明显,高温条件下的品质变化幅度明显小于对照组.

In comparison with soybeans in conventional storage,the change of soybean quality with time at different storage temperatures under controlled atmosphere storage with N2 was studied.The test shows that,under the same storage condition, the higher storage temperature results in the more remarkable quality deterioration of soybeans.Controlled atmosphere storage with N2 is better than conventional storage in keeping the storage quality of soybeans.Controlled atmosphere storage with N2 can effectively suppress the decrease of germination rate,watersoluble protein and nitrogen solubility index(NSI) and the increase of fat acid value,but has no great influence on the contents of crude fat and crude protein in soybeans.

We studied the quality of maize in conventional storage and controlled atmosphere storage with N2 and compared the quality difference of maize under the two storage conditions.The test shows that,at low temperature,the quality of maize in controlled atmosphere storage with N2 is similar to that in conventional storage.After storage at 20 ℃ for half a year,the germination rate of maize decreased from 96% to 87% and 85%,respectively,the fatty acid value increased from 22.4 mg/100 g to 45.9 mg /100 g and 47.4 mg /100 g respectively.However,after storage at 35 ℃ for half a year,the germination rate decreased to 42% and 8% respectively;the fatty acid value increased to 49.5 mg/100g and 57.6 mg/100 g respectively;and the catalase activity decreased to 30.4 mg/g and 20.3 mg/g respectively.Controlled atmosphere storage with N2 is better than conventional storage,particularly in delaying the decrease of the germination rate of maize and the catalase activity as well as the increase of the fatty acid value.Accordingly,we suggests that low-temperature storage is the preferred selection for maize storage in grain depot,and that controlled atmosphere storage with N2 can be selected to suppress the effects of high temperature on the maize quality when the low-temperature storage cannot be achieved.

Several kind of Pandan Rice which put into warehouse between Sept-Oct.2007 was stored under normal temperature,quasi-low temperature and low temperature, storage quality of Pandan Rice and edible quality were determined regularly. Along with the time extension, each quality index of Pandan Rice changed, significant change is under the normal temperature storage condition, but slight change in quasi-low temperature and low temperature storage condition.