Potato is one of the most important food and economic crops. Potato virus Y is an economically important virus affecting potato production. Recent studies have shown that the composition of PVY strain groups has changed. Recombinant PVY isolates including PVY NTN-NW SYRI and PVY NTN-NW SYRII have become the predominant strains. However, their pathogenicity and virulence were unclear compared with previous PVY N strain isolates. In this study, we compared the infectivity of isolates PVY N 605 and PVY NTN-NW SYRI-GZ（originally isolated from tobacco plant） on Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum and Capsicum annuum（Tedaniujiaowang） plants and their virulence on the plants of N. benthamiana and N. tabacum. Results showed that both isolates PVY N 605 and PVY NTN-NW SYRI-GZ could infect N. benthamiana and N. tabacum systemically and induced vein necrosis in N. tabacum. Isolate PVY NTN-NW SYRI-GZ, but not PVY N 605, could infect C. annuum（Tedaniujiao-wang） systemically. The cell-to-cell movement of PVY NTN-NW SYRI-GZ is slower than that of PVY N 605. The reduction in the height of N. benthamiana plants caused by PVY NTN-NW SYRI-GZ was more severe than that by PVY N 605. At 11 days post agroinfiltration, the accumulation level of PVY NTN-NW SYRI-GZ in N. benthamiana plants was lower than that of PVY N 605. The results obtained in this study will help us understand the evolution of the PVY strains and design a new control strategy for PVY.

甘肃省静宁县灵芝乡尹岔村充分发挥基地培训示范点的作用,按照多层次、多形式培训的要求,积极创新培训方式方法.并以合作经济组织为平台,促进农牧业技术人员与产业技术需求的有效对接,真正把农民专业合作经济组织建成产业发展的技术"摇篮",充分发挥了精准培训在助推产业升级方面的功能.基于此,本文对静宁县灵芝乡尹岔村依托精准培训助推产业转型升级的做法进行总结,为其他贫困地区产业升级提供科学的策略指导,以促进地区精准扶贫目标顺利实现.

[目的]筛选出适合潍坊烟区适宜肥力水平的烤烟新品种.[方法] 2015年在诸城进行6个品种烤烟的不同肥力水平对比试验,对CT141、豫烟6号、豫烟11号、湘烟3号、NC-YATAS6和NC55 (CK)6个品种烤烟生育期、农艺性状、抗病性及经济性状进行研究.[结果] CT141中肥力、NC-YATAS6高肥力综合表现较好,具有较高推广价值.[结论]该研究为新品种在潍坊市的推广应用和合理布局提供科学依据.

波尔多液是一种广谱、持效、保护性杀菌剂,可用于防治烟草不同生育期常见的多种病害,如烟草炭疽病、猝倒病、野火病、角斑病、赤星病等.研究了波尔多液在烟草生产中的施用效果,为波尔多液在烟草生产中的更广泛推广提供依据.

农村劳动力流动及转移就业，是缩小城乡差距、密切城乡间隙、提高农民收入的必经选择，也是解决“三农”问题的关键所在。本文在阐述甘肃省静宁县农村劳动力流动及就业培训基本情况的基础上，剖析了其存在的问题，并结合甘肃省静宁县县情提出相应措施，从而为实现农村劳动力合理流动、科学制定培训方案、妥善转移就业、尽快解决“三农”问题，提供具有理论价值和实践意义的积极探索。

目前,在山东诸城烟区的烟叶收购站上,存在一些废旧烟叶打包机,这些打包机最早是1982年生产的,晚的也在1987年以前的,工作年限早已超出报废时间多年,但是这些打包机的主体结构牢固,框架良好,部分质量非常好,并且构造保存完好,弃之可惜.通过对烟叶打包机动力、油泵、管道、换向阀等元件进行更换改造成为现代化烟叶打包设备,可省工又省力,提高烟叶成包质量和数量.由原来的每台40包/h,改造后可每台70包/h,既节约生产成本,又提高打包质量,每台烟叶打包机节约成本2万元,使烟草企业变废利用,精益、精准管理,减少成本损耗,创造经济效益.

为提高上部和下部烟叶的使用价值,进行了不同部位烟叶叶组配方设计研究.在对配方中各单等级烟叶进行化学成分分析、感官评吸和重量分析基础上,首先以目标样品的化学成分为依据设计叶组配方.然后以单料烟感官质量评吸结果为依据设计各等级的使用比例,最终以叶组配方产品的感官质量确定叶组配方组合.结果表明:可以在不使用C3F的情况下,根据各单料烟化学成分检测结果和评吸结果进行综合分析设计模块,能够达到C3F的感官质量水平,从而提高了上部和下部的综合使用价值,降低了原料成本,缓解中部烟叶短缺的矛盾.

教育培训是企业人力资源管理与开发的重要组成部分和关键职能,是企业人力资产增值的重要途径,是企业组织效益提高的重要途径.作为烟草行业,历来重视员工的培训,特别是我们基层分级技术队伍的技能培训,每年都分期分批组织开展不同形式的专业技术培训;近几年,烟草行业的职工培训教育有了很大的发展,但仍存在着一些与新形势、新任务、新常态不适应的问题.对县级基层队伍的培训提出了一些新的思路和想法,为培养基层分级技术人才提供有力的支撑.

按照《中国烟叶公司关于开展2013年<烤烟>标准预研项目农业、工业验证工作的通知》（中烟叶收〔2013〕88号）的要求，为进一步推动“烤烟”标准预研项目研究工作，确保“《烤烟》国标预研项目”研究工作顺利开展，根据国家局、省、市局（公司）要求，在山东诸城市的贾悦镇孟疃烟叶中心站，继续开展新标准农业验证工作。从验证情况看，新标准与现行标准相比，等级纯度无明显大的变化、等级合格率有明显提高、种植效益提高较为明显，等级数目相对减少，易于识别，便于把握，减少分级过程掌控上的差异，较好的满足了当前烟叶分级、收购实际操作的掌握和控制。

A new flue-cured tobacco variety Luyan 2 (previously CF90NF), bred from flue-cured tobacco variety Zhongyan 98, passed the evaluation by Shandong tobacco variety evaluation committee of the national tobacco variety approval committee in October 2012. Luyan 2 maintained excellent features of Zhongyan 98, such as high quality and yield, easy to cured, and overcomes some shortcoming of Zhongyan 98. Compared to NC 89, the variety has better comprehensive characteristics, especially in minor color difference of tobacco leaf back and face, and better exterior and interior quality. It has stable economic benefit and high industrial availability, and is suitable for Weifang and other similar ecology regions.

选择临朐县10个具有代表性的种烟区域作为调查点，研究了临朐烟区的气候条件、自然环境、土壤条件等生态条件对烟叶质量的影响。结果表明，临朐烟区气候条件适宜，海拔高，土壤类型适宜，无污染，植被覆盖度高，光热水土同步，所产烤烟烟叶特色明显、化学成分协调、评吸质量佳、烟叶安全性高。

为使烤烟烘烤环节减工降本、提质增效，对箱式夹烟烘烤技术及其省工节能效果、烘烤质量进行了研究。结果表明，与常规挂竿装烟方式相比，箱式夹烟装烟方式能显著增加装烟量、降低烘烤环节的用工和耗能成本，烤后烟叶经济性状、外观品质无明显差异。

近年来随着我国烤烟标准化收购工作的加强，烤烟规范化收购，标准化运作程度的提高，烟叶质量管理已经取得了很大的进步。但是，在实际收购期间仍然存在着混部位、混颜色、混青杂等烟叶质量问题。对分级扎把和初分预检等规范化流程的重要性认识不足。通过认真分析总结，找出存在问题的原因；进一步规范烟叶收购流程，加强监督机制，统一思想认识，严把烤烟收购中的质量管理，切实提高烟叶等级质量。

烟田机械化培土的试验结果表明,适于机械培土的烟田起垄高度为15 cm,机械培土的最佳时期为烟株大团棵时实施1次高培土,培土高度为10 cm,机械培土的烟田氮素营养水平应比常规施肥不培土的667 m2减少1 kg纯氮.

In order to study a new model to adapt the specialist bakery technology in modern tobacco farming and to accomplish. The result showed that, compared with the traditional bulk curing, box bulk curing technology had the advantage of accommodating more tobacco leafs and easy operating. This technology can help the farmers to reduce the labor intensity and employment cost, such as tobacco weaving and tobacco fitting. This technology had good application prospects for it could content 1.9 times as much tobacco leaves as traditional bulk curing technology, costs was cut by 50% and energy consuming costs was cut by 16%. There was no marked difference for the appearance quality and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves between the box bulk curing and traditional bulk curing.

Correlation and stepwise selection regression analysis were used to investigate the relationships between sensory quality and precipitation in tobacco growing areas of Shandong Province. The two approaches produced very similar result. The difference of stepwise selection regression equations for aroma quality, after taste, offensive taste, irritancy, combustibility and total score with precipitation were significant at 1% level. There was significance difference in stepwise selection regression equations for impact and ash with precipitation. No variable met the 0.05 significance level for entry into the stepwise selection regression equations for taste concentration and volume of aroma with precipitation. The total score of sensory quality were positively related to precipitation of May and August, whereas the type of aroma and combustibility were negatively related. There were positive correlations between impact of tobacco leaves and precipitation of June. The quality of aroma were negatively related to precipitation of May, yet positively related to June. The after taste and score of offensive taste were positively related to precipitation of May and total precipitation from May to August. There were positive correlations between the score of irritancy and total precipitation from May to August.

中国参与联合国维和行动范围不断深入,要求中国维和警察必须加强派出人员的各种素质,其中之一就是具备情报意识,能够发现、搜集、分析与联合国维和工作有关的情况,要求在培训时必须加强情报素质的培养,以促进受训者整体素质的提高;本文对以上问题进行了探讨并强调了维和培训工作的重要性.