目的:了解喀什地区肺结核病人同伴教育实施效果。方法:采取方便抽样法选取2022年2月—8月在喀什市某二级结核病专科医院住院的108例肺结核病人为研究对象，按照病区将病人分为对照组（55例）和试验组（53例），对照组由护士进行常规健康指导，试验组在对照组基础上给予同伴教育，比较两组病人服药依从性、结核病相关病耻感及社会支持水平。结果:干预后试验组服药依从性得分为（6.13±1.30）分，高于对照组[（3.82±1.63）分]；结核病相关病耻感得分为（6.38±4.19）分，低于对照组[（11.73±5.15）分]；社会支持水平各维度得分均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:同伴教育有利于提高肺结核病人服药依从性及社会支持水平，降低病人结核病相关病耻感。

目的 探讨可控式视频监控在NICU医务人员手卫生执行效果中的应用,为医院感染控制和管理提供参考依据.方法 对照组选取2020年1月-12月进入NICU工作的医务人员,采用常规观察法监测手卫生执行情况,观察组选取2021年1月-12月进入NICU工作的医务人员,采用可控式视频监控监测手卫生执行情况,对NICU医务人员手卫生的依从性、正确率和医院感染发生率等指标进行分析比较.结果 应用可控式视频监控后,NICU医务人员手卫生的总体依从率由73.89％上升至87.60％,总体正确率由56.77％上升至84.68％,NICU医院感染发生率由2.37％下降至1.46％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 采用可控式视频监控可有效提高医务人员执行手卫生的规范性,降低医院内感染的发生率,对于提高医院感染管理质量效果明显,值得在临床推广.

目的 探讨复合保温策略在肝囊型棘球蚴病患者围手术期护理中的应用效果.方法 选取 2021 年 1 月至12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院肝胆包虫病科行手术治疗的肝囊型棘球蚴病患者77例,按随机数字表法将其分成对照组38例,试验组39例.对照组采用常规保温护理,试验组在对照组基础上实施复合保温策略.观察两组入室时、麻醉前、切皮前及术中 30、60、90、120、150、180 min及结束时的体温,比较两组低体温、术后寒战和苏醒期躁动的发生情况,观察两组气管导管拔管时间和麻醉恢复室(PACU)滞留时间,比较两组术前、术后凝血功能的情况.结果 两组术中体温在组间、时间和交互作用比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组入室时、麻醉前及切皮前体温比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).试验组术中 30、60、90、120、150、180 min及结束时的体温均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).试验组低体温、寒战和苏醒期躁动发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);试验组气管导管拔管时间和PACU滞留时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后,两组血浆凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间、活化部分凝血酶时间均长于术前,纤维蛋白原低于术前,两组术后凝血四项比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 复合保温策略能够维持肝囊型棘球蚴病患者术中体温相对稳定,预防低体温、寒战和躁动的发生,促进麻醉苏醒,且有助于患者凝血功能稳定.

目的 探讨结核病患者家庭功能对患者自我效能与心理困扰间的作用.方法 方便抽取2020年11月至2021年4月新疆某医院呼吸科274名结核病患者,使用家庭功能量表、一般自我效能量表、简易心理状况评定量表进行问卷调查,采用Pearson相关进行各变量的相关性分析,采用Bootstrap法对中介效应模型进行验证.结果 家庭功能与自我效能呈正相关(r=0.351,P<0.01),心理困扰与自我效能、家庭功能呈负相关(r=-0.327、-0.520,均P<0.01).家庭功能在自我效能和心理困扰的预测中起部分中介效应占总效应的55.04％.结论 结核病患者心理困扰呈轻度困扰,自我效能和家庭功能是心理困扰的反向预测因子,自我效能可通过家庭功能间接影响心理困扰状态.

目的 了解新疆某医院结核病患者的心理困扰现状及影响因素。方法 方便抽取2020年11月至2021年4月新疆某医院呼吸科280例结核病患者，使用家庭功能量表、Morisky服药依从性量表、Kessler 10量表调查并分析心理困扰的影响因素。结果 本调查发放280份，剔除无效问卷6份，收回问卷274份，有效回收率为97.9%。不同年龄、教育程度、居住地、合并慢性病及服用慢病药物结核病患者心理困扰得分比较，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。患者心理困扰总得分为（18.60±6.13）分，发生率为64.23%；家庭功能总得分为（7.66±2.41）分；服药依从性得分为（6.09±1.32）分。心理困扰与家庭功能及服药依从性呈负相关（r=-0.520、-0.506,P ＜0.05），家庭功能与服药依从性呈正相关（r=0.133,P ＜0.01）。多元线性回归分析显示，咯血、合并慢性病、服用抗结核药物时间、家庭支持及服药依从性是结核病患者的心理困扰主要预测因素（P ＜0.05），可解释结核病患者心理困扰总变异的48.05%。结论 结核病患者心理困扰发生率较高，应对相关影响因素采取积极措施，改善患者心理状况，提高生活质量。

目的 探讨快速康复护理对全膝关节置换病人术后膝关节功能恢复的效果.方法 2018年12月-2019年4月选取新疆某三甲医院72例全膝关节置换术(TKA)患者,随机分为对照组和干预组,各36例,对照组给予常规护理,干预组给予快速康复护理.比较两组患者疼痛评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节(HSS)评分、关节活动度(ROM),术后首次下床时间、直腿抬高时间、导尿管留置时间、住院时间、并发症的差异.结果 干预组在术后2h、6h、1d、2d静息状态疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);干预组患者出院时及术后1个月膝关节HSS评分均明显高于对照组,同时术后3d、出院时及术后1个月ROM均大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);干预组首次下床时间、直腿抬高时间、导尿管留置时间、住院时间、并发症的发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 快速康复护理模式可以促进患者术后早期康复、缩短住院时间、提高患者术后膝关节功能恢复效果,具有临床推广价值.

Objective:To explore the application of perioperative nutrition management strategy in patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis.Methods:From October 2017 to February 2019, 53 patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the control group. Another 53 patients from June 2018 to January 2019 were collected as the experimental group, the nutritional index, liver function, complication rate and postoperative recovery were compared between the two groups.Results:The levels of retinol-binding protein, prealbumin and transferrin were (24.32 ± 3.76) μg/L, (167.00 ± 24.12) mg/L, (2.08 ± 0.43) μg/L on the day of admission in the experimental group, and one day before the operation were (27.78± 4.98) μg/L, (245.00 ± 22.02) mg/L,(2.47 ± 0.54)μ g/L, there was no significant difference ( t=0.576-3.552, P < 0.05). The incidence of infection, biliary leakage and hemorrhage in the experimental group were 0, 1.89% (1/53) and 0 respectively, which were lower than 9.43% (5/53), 13.21% (7/53), 11.32% (6/53) in the control group ( χ2 value was 4.867, P < 0.05). The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase of the experimental group on the 7th day after operation were (51.50 ± 6.30), (29.54 ± 2.03) U/L, which were significantly different from (69.53 ± 7.07), (43.72±3.67) U/L of the control group ( t value was 2.032, 2.015, P<0.05). Anal exhaust, defecation time, hospitalization time and expenses in the experimental group were (15.89±8.34) h, (49.12±10.56) h, (8.69 ± 1.69) d, (2.84±1.37) thousand yuan, which were significantly different from (34.13±7.13) h, (63.45±11.03) h, (11.51±4.18) d, (3.76±1.53) thousand yuan in the control group. There was statistical significance ( t values were 3.372-12.592, P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of perioperative nutrition management strategy in patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis can improve the nutritional status of patients during perioperative period, promote the recovery of liver function and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.

目的 了解肝脏包虫病患者出院后对延续性护理的需求.方法 于2019年1月采用现象学研究方法,对12例肝脏包虫病患者进行半结构式个人深度访谈,运用Colaizzi内容分析法对资料进行分析,并凝练主题.结果 肝脏包虫病患者对延续性护理需求的主题分别为:疾病健康指导、专业化生活方式指导、可及的卫生服务资源和便捷的延续服务渠道、获取经济支持的需求.结论 肝脏包虫病患者对延续性护理需求尤为迫切且方面多样,上级医院应结合社区医院、乡镇卫生院,制定以肝脏包虫病患者云随访平台为依托的延续性护理,提高肝脏包虫病患者的生存质量.

Objective:To investigate the current status of frailty in elderly patients with fragile hip fractures and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:The clinical data of 196 elderly patients with fragile hip fractures who underwent surgical treatment in 4 Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals from April to November 2019 were collected. Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) was used to assess nutritional status, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) was used to assess cognitive function, 5-Item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to assess mental state, Fried Frailty Phenotype (FP) was used to assess the occurrence of frailty of patients and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of frailty in patients.Results:Among the 196 elderly patients with fragile hip fractures, the incidence of frailty and non-frailty were 50.5% (99/196) and 49.5% (97/196) , respectively. There were statistically significant differences in incidence of frailty among elderly patients with fragile hip fractures with different ages, exercise frequency, self-perceived health status, sleep quality, activity of daily living, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) , nutritional status, depression status assessment, cognitive status assessment and anxiety self-assessment ( P<0.05) . Logistic regression analysis showed that age, self-perceived health status, sleep quality, CCI and nutritional status were the main risk factors affecting the occurrence of fragility in elderly patients with fragile hip fractures ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:In elderly patients with fragile hip fractures, the incidence of frailty is higher, and the main risk factors for frailty are age, self-perceived health, sleep quality, CCI and nutritional status. It is necessary for medical staff to identify frailty patients before surgery and timely adopt interdisciplinary frailty management to reduce and delay the occurrence of frailty and promote the recovery of elderly patients with fragile hip fractures.

目的 了解老年髋部脆性骨折患者衰弱现状,分析其影响因素.方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2019年4—9月乌鲁木齐市4所三级甲等综合医院的老年髋部脆性骨折患者作为研究对象.采用基本资料、衰弱评估问卷、简易微型营养评估量表、简易认知状态量表、简明老年抑郁量表对其进行调查,采用二分类Logistic回归分析老年髋部脆性骨折患者衰弱发生的影响因素.结果 158例老年髋部脆性骨折患者衰弱评分(2.83±0.89)分,其中衰弱评分≥3分(即衰弱组)87例(55.1％),衰弱评分<3分(即非衰弱组)71例(44.9％).二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示:自我感觉健康状态、抑郁、共病状况是老年髋部脆性骨折患者衰弱的危险因素(P<0.05),手握力是老年髋部脆性骨折患者衰弱的保护性因素(P<0.05).结论 老年髋部脆性骨折患者的衰弱检出率较高,自我感觉健康状态较差、抑郁、共病状况、手握力低的老年患者衰弱发生率较高,医护人员尽早识别衰弱患者,加强衰弱管理,减少和延缓老年患者衰弱的发生.

目的 调查腹膜透析住院患者合并感染分布及感染率,并分析其影响因素.方法 选取本院肾病科2018年1月—2019年2月住院的266例腹膜透析患者作为研究对象,统计腹膜透析住院患者合并感染分布情况并采用Logistic回归分析分析其感染率的影响因素.结果 266例腹膜透析住院患者中合并感染患者125例,感染率为47.0％.感染部位主要为呼吸道、腹膜以及消化系统;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,住院次数多、肌酐高、透析龄大、伴有高血压是PD患者发生感染的独立危险因素(均P<0.05).结论 腹膜透析住院感染患者中肺部感染发生率较高,其次是腹膜炎.透析龄长、住院次数多、肌酐高和伴有高血压的住院腹膜透析患者感染发生率较高.临床应针对以上高危因素采取有效预防措施,降低住院腹膜透析患者感染率.

目的 探讨加速康复外科护理在肝囊型包虫病患者围术期护理的实践效果.方法 选择2017年10月～2019年2月新疆医科大学第一附属医院肝胆包虫科患者106例,采用类实验研究方法,将符合纳入标准的肝囊型包虫病患者为研究对象,选择2017年10月～2018年5月的53例患者为对照组;选择2018年6月～2019年2月的53例患者为干预组,比较两组患者术后活动时疼痛评分、生活自理能力评分及术后恢复情况.结果 两组术后不同时点活动时疼痛评分、生活自理能力评分均高于术前,且干预组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组肛门排气、排便时间、术后首次下床活动时间、住院时间及费用比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 加速康复外科护理在肝囊型包虫病患者中实践是安全有效的.

目的 以"知-信-行"模式为框架构建快速康复外科理念下全膝关节置换康复护理模式.方法 以"知-信-行"模式为理论基础,采用文献研究及半结构式访谈以及小组讨论构建初级快速康复外科全膝关节置换康复护理模型;运用Delphi法对20名专家进行2轮函询调查,修改与完善初级模型各级指标.结果 2轮函询问卷的有效回收率均为100％;专家权威系数为0.88～0.96,平均权威系数为0.92;专家咨询意见协调度肯德尔和谐系数(W)为0.53;最终确立的康复护理模式包含一级指标3个,二级指标12个,三级指标49个.结论 所构建的快速康复外科全膝关节置换康复护理模式结果可靠,可供全膝关节置换患者护理参考.

目的 调查三级甲等医院女性护士亚健康状态发生情况及其影响因素.方法 采用亚健康状况(SHSQ-25)调查问卷对乌鲁木齐市6所三级甲等医院的护士进行问卷调查.结果 本研究共回收有效问卷989份,其中护士亚健康状态检出率为83.8％,平均得分为49.15±15.26;随着职称的增高、工作年限的增长,护士亚健康状态检出率逐渐递增,以主管护师亚健康状态得分最高,为51.16±15.80,检出率为90.70％;以工作年限16～20年的护士亚健康状态检出率最高为90.30％,得分为50.33±14.74,其OR值为1.37(1.01～1.86);每周加班次数以及每个月夜班次数越多护士亚健康状态检出率越高,OR值分别为1.52(1.07～2.15)、1.26(1.05～1.51).结论 三级甲等医院护士亚健康状态检出率高,年龄越大、职称越高、工作年限越久、夜班及加班次数越频繁,女性护士亚健康状态检出率越高,因此医院管理人员应该有针对性地进行分级、科学、可持续性管理.

临床见习是护理专业教学的重要组成部分,教学模式直接影响护理教学质量和护生综合素质[1]. 4年制护理本科在临床专业课的学习阶段普遍存在内容多、学时少的问题,如何通过精心的教学设计,巧妙的教学组织帮助护生在有效的课堂教学时间内掌握最基本的知识和技能是临床授课教师需要经常思考、反复实践的问题.

目的 探讨新疆地区三级甲等综合医院护士二孩生育意愿及其影响因素.方法 于2017年11月～2018年3月,抽取新疆地区6所三级甲等综合医院(新疆医科大学第一附属医院、新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院、新疆生产建设兵团医院、乌鲁木齐市友谊医院、新疆医科大学第二附属医院、新疆医科大学第五附属医院)639名已生育一胎的护士,利用护士二孩生育意愿调查问卷、工作-家庭冲突(WFC)量表,对新疆地区护士二孩生育意愿及其影响因素进行横断面调查.结果 639名护士的二孩意愿生育率为49.30％,单因素检验结合多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,新疆地区三级甲等综合医院护士年龄、学历、科室、民族以及基于时间和压力的工作-家庭冲突为影响护士二孩生育意愿的主要因素(P＜0.05).结论 新疆地区三级甲等综合医院护士二孩意愿生育率较低,且来自工作方面的影响对护士二孩生育意愿的影响较为突出,工作与家庭之间的冲突水平越高,二孩生育意愿越弱.

Objective To evaluate the relevant knowledge level and compliance of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients,and explore the association of them. Method A total of 276 young and middle-aged hypertensive patients were surveyed using a hypertension knowledge level scale and treatment compliance questionnaire. Results The average score of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients on relevant knowledge was (62.55 ± 17.79). From different dimensions, the hypertensive patients got the highest score in the knowledge of their lifestyle,while they got the lowest score in their knowledge for complication.The average score of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients on treatment compliance was (71.53±9.87).From different dimensions,the hypertensive patients got the highest score in medication adherence,while they got the lowest score in exercise and pressure-relieving compliance.It showed that medication and drug compliance knowledge of middle-aged hypertensive patients was closely associated with treatment compliance(r=0.648, P<0.001)). Conclusions Both knowledge level and treatment compliance of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients should be improved.We should strengthen the population of knowledge about hypertension among young and middle-aged patients,especially the guidance of drug knowledge to improve their compliance.

Objective To discuss the effects of standardized pain management for patients after total hip arthroplasty.Methods Totally,101 patients after first-time unilateral total hip arthroplasty were randomly divided into a control group of 51 and an intervention group of 50.The control group received conventional nursing care,while the intervention group patients received standardized pain management in addition to conventional care.The postoperative 72 h pain outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results The pain scores at rest and during movement at different post-operative time had significant differences over time(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The postoperative 72 h pain outcomes in the intervention group were better than the controls(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Pain management for patients after first time unilateral total hip arthroplasty improves pain outcomes and patients' quality of life.

Objective:To understand the status quo of late pregnancy pressure and its influencing factors of second-child pregnant women.Methods:A pregnancy questionnaire was used to survey 626 pregnant women with second-child pregnancy.Results:In the second trimester of pregnancy,the overall stress score was 0.30(0.13,0.60).Pressure sensation to ensure maternal and childhealth and safety was the main source of stress.The main factors affecting the pressure on pregnant women were the relationship with their in-laws,the expectation of the sex of their babies,whether they were taking drugs during pregnancy and their sleep during pregnancy. Conclusions:In the second trimester of pregnancy,the psychological pressure of pregnant women was at a slight level.Medical person-nel and family members should provide targeted measures to help pregnant women to spend their pregnancy.

目的 对西部地区肝包虫病患者进行护理延伸服务,探讨对患者生存质量的影响.方法 对在新疆和青海2所医院接受住院治疗的255例肝包虫病患者在住院期间建立健康档案、开展健康教育讲座、发放双语版的健康教育材料,出院后采用电话、短信、微信群、QQ群等进行随访,分别在患者出院后1个月、2个月、3个月采用肝包虫患者生存质量量表测量患者的生存质量水平.结果 出院后3次测量患者的生存质量总得分均高于住院时,且部分维度得分随着干预时间的延长,生存质量水平呈持续上升趋势(P＜0.01).结论 西部地区肝包虫病患者生存质量水平较低,护理延伸服务可提高患者的生存质量水平,值得进一步推广和使用.